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Different genomes and their genes
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4/3/08 21:46Genome Sizes
Page 1 of 4http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/G/GenomeSizes.html
Genome Sizes
The genome of an organism is the complete set of genes specifying how its phenotype will develop(under a certain set of environmental conditions). In this sense, then, diploid organisms (like ourselves)contain two genomes, one inherited from our mother, the other from our father.
The table below presents a selection of representative genome sizes from the rapidly-growing list oforganisms whose genomes have been sequenced.
Table of Genome Sizes (haploid)
Base pairs Genes Notes
Phi-X 174 5,386 10 virus of E. coli
Humanmitochondrion
16,569 37
Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)
172,282 80 causes mononucleosis
Nanoarchaeumequitans
490,885 552This parasitic member of the Archaea has the smallestgenome of a true organism yet found.
nucleomorph ofGuillardia theta
551,264 511all that remains of the nuclear genome of a red alga(eukaryote) engulfed long ago by another eukaryote
Mycoplasmagenitalium
580,073 485
three of the smallest true organismsUreaplasmaurealyticum
751,719 652
Mycoplasmapneumoniae
816,394 680
Chlamydiatrachomatis
1,042,519 936most common sexually-transmitted disease (STD)bacterium in the U.S.
Rickettsia prowazekii 1,111,523 834 bacterium that causes epidemic typhus
Treponema pallidum 1,138,011 1,039 bacterium that causes syphilis
Mimivirus 1,181,404 1,262A virus (of an amoeba) with a genome larger than the sixcellular organisms above
Rickettsia conorii 1,268,755 1,374 causes Mediterranean spotted fever
Pelagibacter ubique 1,308,759 1,354smallest genome yet found in a free-living organism(marine !-proteobacterium)
Borrelia burgdorferi 1.44 x 106 1,738 bacterium that causes Lyme disease [Note]
Aquifex aeolicus 1,551,335 1,749bacterium isolated from a hot spring in YellowstoneNational Park
Campylobacter jejuni 1,641,481 1,708 frequent cause of food poisoning
Helicobacter pylori 1,667,867 1,589 chief cause of stomach ulcers (not stress and diet)
The Human Chromosomes
Note: 1% length ~= 2cm ~= 30,000,000 bp
human alpha satellite DNA
1 attctcagaa acttatttgt gatgtgtgtc ttcaactaac agagttgaac ctttgttttg
61 atacagcagt ttggaaacac tctttttgta gaatctacaa gtggatattt tgagagcatt
121 gaaaatttcg ttggaaacgg gaataccttc atataaaatc tagacagaag cattctcaga
181 aacttctttg taatgtttgc attcaactca tagagttgaa cattcccttt catacagcag
241 gtttgaaaca ctctttttgt agtatgtgga aatggacatt tcgagcactc ttaggcctaa
301 gttgaaaagg gaaatatctt caaataagaa ctagtcagca gcattctcag aaagctcttt
361 gtgatgtgtg tactcagcta acagagttga accttccatt tcacagagca gtttggaaac
421 actctttttg tggcatttgc aagtggacat ttggatagct ttgaggattt ctttgaaacg
481 ggaataattt catataaaat cctagacaga agcattctca gaatcttcct tgtgatgtat
541 gccctcaatt cacagagttg aaccattgtt tgggatacag cattttggga aacattcctt
601 ttgtagaatc tgcaagttga tatttgtata actttgagga tttcgttgga aacgggaata
661 tctacatata aaatctagac agaagcattc tcagaaacct gttttaatgt tttcattcaa
721 ctcatacgtt tcaacaatcc ctaacctaaa ttaaggtttg aaacactcct tttgtantat
781 gtggaaatgg acatttggan cgctttgang cctacggtga aaaaggaaat atccttccca
841 taaaaactnn gacaggaagc attctcanac anttgaaaat tttcgattan ttcttgagga
901 ttttcgtttg gaaacgggnn ttaccaantt ggaaagttga ccagccngcc ttttctcaga
961 aaattgcttt gtgatgtctg ccattcangt cacattggtt gaacattccc tttcttggag
Human Alu sequence example
1 tttatgagac agggtctcac attgtcactc aggctggagt gcagtggcac gatctcagat
61 cactacagcc tcaacccttc cagactcaag tgatattccc tactcagccc ctcgtggagc
121 tgggactagg cacgcaccac cacaaacacc taattattta tttatttatt ttttatagag
181 atgcagtttt accgttagaa ccaggctgat ctcaaactcc tggacacaat taatccactt
241 gcctcagcct cccaaagtga tgtattaaag gtgtgagcca ctgctctcag cc
Human HoxC8 homeobox
421 tggatgagac cccacgctcc ggggaggcgc agtggacggc aaacttacag ccggtatcag
481 accttggaac tagaaaagga gtttctcttt aatccttatt tgacacgaaa acgtcggatt
541 gaagtctctc atgccctggg actgaccgag agacaagtga agatctggtt ccagaaccga
601 aggatgaagt ggaaaaagga gaacaacaag gataaactgc
A schema for Genomic DNA types
Genomes at home
Visions of genomes
Polytene chromosomes from Drosophila melanogaster
Plasmid DNA from E. coli (2-10 Kb)
Phage T4
E. coli
Genome variation
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