on t h e h ist o r y o f wo men in behavior analysis · beh avio r an al yst , 38, 225-227. ju d y...

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On t h e H i st o r y o f W o meni n Beh av i o r An al ysi s

Ed w ar d K. M o r r i sUn i v er si t y o f Kan sas

Th r ee H i st o r i es

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H i st o r y o f“O n t h e H is t o r y o fW o m en in Beh a v io r

An a l ys i s ”

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H i st o r i o g r aph y

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H i st o r i o g r aph y

H is t o r y i s t o H is t o r io g r a ph y a s

Beh a v io r i s t o Beh a v io r An a l ys i s

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H i st o r i o g r aph i cM et h o d s

g r ea t per s o n a n d Zei t g e i s tin t er n a l a n d e xt er n a l

pr es en t i s t a n d h i s t o r ic i s tpr im a r y, s ec o n d a r y, a n d t er t i a r y

q u a n t i t a t iv e a n d q u a l i t a t iv e

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H i st o r y o f“O n t h e H is t o r y o fW o m en in Beh a v io r

An a l ys i s ”

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H i st o r i o g r aph i cM et h o d s

Bio g r a ph y:g r ea t per s o n a n d Zei t g ei s t

H is t o r io g r a ph y

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M i l ar , K. S. (2015, Ju n e). “Lea r n in g a bo u t Tea c h in g f r o m Tea c h in g a bo u t Lea r n in g :” El l en P. Rees e (1926-1997). In L. St er n (C h a i r ), Rev i si t i n g t h e i n d i v i d u al . Paper sessi o n c o n d u c t ed at t h e meet i n g o f Ch ei r o n : Th e I n t er n at i o n al So c i et y f o r t h e H i st o r y o f t h e Beh av i o r al Sc i en c es. Law r en c e, KS.

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Reese, E. P. (1986). Lear n i n g abo u t t eac h i n g f r o m t ea c h in g a bo u t l ea r n in g : Pr es en t in g beh a v io r a l a n a l ys i s in a n in t r o d u c t o r y s u r v e y c o u r s e . In V. P. M a k o s k y (Ed .), Th e G. St an l ey H al l Lec t u r e Ser i es (Vo l . 6, pp. 67-127). Wash i n g t o n , D C: Amer i c an Psyc h o l o g i c al Asso c i at i o n .

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Rev i ew o f t h e Li t er at u r e

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Rev i ew o f t h e Li t er at u r e

Women’s ParticipationAutobiographies

InterviewsService

In memoriaFeminist theory

Topics

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Par t i c i pat i o nPo l in g , A., G r o s s e t t , D ., Fu l t o n , B., Ro y, S.,

Beec h er , S., & W it t k o pp, C . J. (1985). Pa r t ic ipa t io n by w o m en in beh a v io r a n a l ys is . Th e Beh av i o r An al yst , 6, 145-152.

N o si k , M . R., Lu k e, M . L., & Car r , J. E. (2018). Repr esen t at i o n o f w o men i n beh av i o r an al ysi s: An empi r i c al an al ysi s. Beh av i o r An al ysi s: Resear c h an d Pr ac t i c e h t t p:d x.d o i .o r g/ 10.1037/ bar 0000118

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Au t o bi o g r aph i esGlenn, S. S. (2017). In R. D. Holdsambeck & H. S.

Pennypacker (Eds.), Behavioral science: Tales ofinspiration, discovery, and service (Vol. 3, pp. 35-49). Beverly, MA: Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies.

Smith, J. M. (2016). An unusual path to an unusual career on organizational behavior management. In R. D. Holdsambeck & H. S. Pennypacker (Eds.), Behavioral science: Tales of inspiration, discovery, and service (Vol. 2, pp. 71-93). Beverly, MA: Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies.

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Au t o bi o g r aph i esStreet, E. M., & Street, W. R. (1988). Marriage

to a co-worker in an academic setting. Behavior Analysis and Social Action, 6(2), 34-39.

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I n t er v i ew sN o s ik , M . R., & G r o w , L. L. (2015).

Pr o m in en t w o m en in beh a v io r a n a l ys i s : An in t r o d u c t io n . Th e Beh av i o r An al yst , 38, 225-227.

Ju d y Fav el l , Li n d a LeBl an c , Fr an M c Sw een ey, An n a Pet u r sd o t t i r , Car o l Pi l g r i m, Bet h

Su l zer -Azar o f f , an d Br i d g et Tayl o r

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Ser v i c eDinsmoor, K. (1987). Reminiscences of JEAB:

Money’s the cheapest thing we’ve got. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 48, 475-477.

Gilbert, M. B. F. (1987). Reminiscences of JEAB: Memories of JEAB’s mother. Journal of theExperimental Analysis of Behavior, 48, 475-477.

Wright, M. L. (1993). How time flies. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26, 559-61.

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I n M emo r i aAl t u s, D . (2009). Vi si o n ar y an d

ac t i v i st : Kat h l een Ki n k ai d e(1930-2008). Th e Beh av i o r An al yst , 32, 255-258.

To man ar i , G. Y. (2016). W e l o st a l ead er : M ar i a Amel i a M at o s (1939-2005). Th e Beh av i o rAn al yst , 29, 109-112.

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Femi n i st Th eo r yRu iz , M . R. (1995). B. F. Sk in n er ’s

r a d ic a l beh a v io r i s m : H is t o r ic a l m is c o n s t r u c t io n s a n d g r o u n d s f o r f em in is t r ec o n s t r u c t io n s . W o men o f Psyc h o l o g y Q u ar t er l y, 19, 161-179

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To pi c sBig l a n , A. (1996). Se xu a l c o er c io n . In A. Big l a n (Ed .),

Fi n d i n g beh av i o r al so l u t i o n s f o r so c i al pr o bl ems: Beh av i o r al st r at eg i es f o r c h an g e (pp. 289-316). Wash i n g t o n , D C: Amer i c anPsyc h o l o g i c al Asso c i at i o n .

D al y, P. M . (1996). Sex i sm. I n A. Bi g l an (Ed .), Fi n d i n g beh av i o r al so l u t i o n s f o r so c i al Pr o bl ems: Beh av i o r al st r at eg i es f o r c h an g e (pp. 201-220). Wash i n g t o n , D C: Amer i c an Psyc h o l o g i c al Asso c i at i o n .

M al o t t , R., Ti l l ema, M ., & Gl en n , S. (1978). Beh av i o r an al ysi s an d beh av i o r mo d i f i c at i o n : Ani n t r o d u c t i o n (Ch . 11: “So me basi c t ec h n i q u es o f mo d i f yi n g beh av i o r : Sex i st beh av i o r (pp. 225-241). Kal amazo o , M I : Beh av i o r d el i a.

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N ew En t r i esSt o l z , S. B. (1982). O v er c o m in g c o m m o n

ba r r ie r s t o pu b l i s h in g ps yc h o l o g ic a l w o r k . In Un d er st an d i n g t h e man u sc r i pt r ev i ew pr o c ess: I n c r easi n g t h e par t i c i pat i o n o f w o men (pp. 18-28). Wash i n g t o n , D C: Amer i c an Psyc h o l o g i c al Asso c i at i o n .

St o l z , S. B. (1984). D i ssemi n at i o n o f beh av i o r al i n t er v en t i o n s w i t h w o men : N eed ed – a t ec h n o l o g y. I n E. A. Bl ec h man (Ed .), Beh av i o r mo d i f i c at i o n w i t h w o men (pp. 94-108). N Y: Gu i l f o r d Pr ess.

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H i st o r i o g r aph i cM et h o d s

Li t er a t u r e Re v ie w :

in t er n a l a n d e xt er n a lH is t o r io g r a ph y

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H i st o r y o f W o men i n Beh a v io r An a l ys i s

H is t o r y o f t h e O r g a n iz a t io n

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H i st o r y o f W o men i n Beh a v io r An a l ys i s

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H i st o r y o f M en i n Beh a v io r An a l ys i s

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H i st o r y o f Beh av i o r An al ysi s

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BACB Respo n seTh is i s a n im a g e o f t h e a n t ec ed en t s t o a n d f o u n d er s o f beh a v io r a n a l ys i s (t o p) r o w a n d t h e f o u n d er s o f a ppl ied beh a v io r a n a l ys i s (bo t t o m r o w ). Th e d a t a a r e w h a t t h e y a r e f o r t h e t im e. W e a r e , h o w e v er , pl a n n in g a n o t h er im a g e o f m o r e r ec en t c o n t r ibu t o r s w h er e t h e g en d er d iv er s i t y w i l l d ef in i t e l y be g r ea t er t h a n 0.0.

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H i st o r y o r H er st o r y

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H i st o r y o f W o men i n Beh a v io r An a l ys i s

W o m en ’s Pa r t ic ipa t io n

W o m en a t t h e M ABA, ABA, a n d ABAI C o n f er en c es

Pr o m in en t W o m en

In v is ib l e W o m en

Wa r r a n t ed W o m a n

Wal d en Tw o an d Sk i n n er ’s Q u est s

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H i st o r y o f W o men i n Beh a v io r An a l ys i s

Pr o m in en t W o m en

In v is ib l e W o m en

Wa r r a n t ed W o m a n

Wal d en Tw o an d Sk i n n er ’s Q u est s

W o men ’s Par t i c i pat i o n

W o men at t h e M ABA, ABA, an d ABAI Co n f er en c es

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Pr o mi n en t W o men

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N o si k , M . R., & G r o w , L. L. (2015). Pr o m in en t w o m en in beh a v io r a n a l ys i s : An in t r o d u c t io n . Th e Beh av i o r An al yst , 38, 225-227.

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Pr o mi n en t W o menJu d y Fa v el l

Lin d a LeBl a n cFr a n M c Sw een e y

An n a Pet u r s d o t t i rC a r o l Pi l g r im

Bet h Su l z er -Az a r o f fBr id g et Ta yl o r

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Tr ai n i n g H i st o r y

W h y Beh a v io r An a l ys i s ?

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Ad v i c e an d Gu i d an c e

Ba r r ier s t o Sel v esBa r r ier s t o O t h er s

So l u t io n s

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I n v i si bl e W o men

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I n v i si bl e W o menM a r i l yn (Ben d er Fer s t er ) G i l ber t

Ka y (Sa w yer ) D in s m o o rM a r g a r e t Ris l e y

Sa n d r a W o l fM a r y Lo u (Sh er m a n ) W r ig h t

Sh er r i l l Bu s h el l

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I n v i si bl e W o men / Vi si bl e M en

Marilyn (Bender Ferster) Gilbert Charles B. FersterKay (Sawyer) Dinsmoor James A. DinsmoorMargaret Risley Todd R. RisleySandra Wolf Montrose M. WolfMary Lou (Sherman) Wright James A. ShermanSherrill Bushell Don Bushell, Jr.

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“t i me-o u t ”

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I n v i si bl e In v is ib l e W o m en

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War r an t ed W o men

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Eval yn Fin n Seg a l1932-2017

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“Women, Borscht, Laboratory Animals, and Nuclear

Extinction”

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Wal d en Tw o

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Par t i c i pat i o nN o s ik , M . R., Lu k e, M . L., & C a r r , J. E.

(2018). Repr es en t a t io n o f w o m en in beh a v io r a n a l ys i s : An em pir ic a l a n a l ys i s . Beh av i o r An al ysi s: Resear c h an d Pr ac t i c e h t t p:d x.d o i .o r g/ 10.1037/ bar 0000118

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W o men at t h e M ABA, ABA, a n d

ABAI C o n f er en c es

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Geo r g e A. Rek er sRek er s , G . A., & Lo va a s , I . O . (1974). Beh a v io r a l

t r ea t m en t o f d e v ia n t s e x-r o l e beh a v io r s in a m a l e c h i l d . Jo u r n al o f Appl i ed Beh av i o r An al ysi s, 7, 173-190.

N o r d yk e, N . S., Baer , D . M ., Et zel , B. C., & LeBl an c , J. M . (1977). I mpl i c at i o n s o f t h e st er eo t ypi n g an d mo d i f i c at i o n o f sex r o l e. Jo u r n al o f Appl i ed Beh av i o r An al ysi s, 10, 553-557.

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Exo t i c Eat i n gFRID AY, M AY 2, / EXO TIC EATIN G / 6:00

If yo u a r e in t e r es t ed in en jo yin g d in n er w i t h a g r o u p o f M ABA m em ber s a n d f r ien d s a t t h e C a f e Bo h em ia , m a k e yo u r r es er va t io n s by m a i l o r a t t h e r es er va t io n d es k by n o o n o f M a y 1. I f yo u w r i t e , s en d t o :

G er a l d M er t en sPs yc h o l o g y D epa r t m en tSt . C l o u d St a t e C o l l eg e St . C l o u d , M N 56301

M en u & Pr ic e

8-C o u r s e D in n er (w i t h t h e f o l l o w in g po s s ib l e en t r ees ): s e l ec t o n e :

D u c k w i t h W il d Ric e ($9.95)Bea r St ea k ($12.95)Af r ic a n Lio n ($13.95)

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Co n c l u d i n g Co mmen t s

W h y H is t o r y a n d H is t o r io g r a ph y?

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Geo r g e San t ayan a(1863-1952)

“Th o s e w h o d o n o t l ea r n f r o m h is t o r y a r e

d o o m ed t o r epea t i t .”

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M ar k Tw ai n(1835-1910)

“[H is t o r y] i s f a t a l t o pr e ju d ic e , b ig o t r y, a n d

n a r r o w -m in d ed n es s , a n d m a n y o f o u r peo pl e n eed i t s u r e l y o n t h es e

a c c o u n t s .”57

Cr ed i t sM a r ia n Ba u s c h , Pa t D a l y, Ba r ba r a

Et z e l , Ju d y Fa v el l , Ric h a r d G i l ber t , Kim Kir by, Pa t Kr a n t z ,

Ju d i t h M . LeBl a n c , Lyn n M c C l a n n a h a n , Ken d a M o r r i s o n ,

M el i s s a N o s ik , D er ek Reed , Al e xa n d r a Ru t h er f o r d , St eph a n ie

St o l z To m ya s u , a n d M a r y Lo u W r ig h t

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“History never really says goodbye. History says, See you

later.”

ekm@ku.edu

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ek m@k u .ed u

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Jo h n B. Wat so n

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Ch i l d r ear i n g as t h e Beh av i o r i st Vi ew ed I t :

Sh o u l d Jo h n B. Wat so n ’s Ad v i c e Be Rat ed X?

Ed w ar d K. M o r r i s an d Kat h er yn M . Bi g el o w

Un i v er si t y o f Kan sas

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Kessen, W. (1975). In M. J. E. Senn, Insights on the child development movement in the United States. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 40 (3-4, Serial No.161).

Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2004). A history of modern psychology(8th ed.).Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Leahey, T. H. (2004). A history of psychology (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Mintz, S. (2004). Huck’s raft: A history of American childhood. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.

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Co n t r o v er sy

Aries, P. (1962). Centuries of childhood: A social history of family life. (R. Baldick, Trans.). New York: Knopf.

deMause, L. (1974). The history of childhood. New York: Harper and Row.

Cleverly, J., & Philips, D. C. (1986). Visions of childhood: Influential models from Locke to Spock (rev. ed.). New York: Teachers College Press.

Cunningham, H. (1995). Children and childhood in Western society since 1500. New York: Longman.

Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth (est. 2008)

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Th e Li t er at u r e

H i st o r i c al Co n t ext

Wa t s o n ’s C o n t e xt

H is t o r io g r a ph ic M et h o d

Wa t s o n ’s C h i l d r ea r in g Ad v ic e a n d I t s C r i t i c i s m s

Th e C o n c ept o f Beh a v io r i s t i c C h i l d r ea r in g Ad v ic e

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C h i l d r ea r in g a s t h e Beh a v io r i s t Vie w ed I t

Ch i l d r ear i n g in H u m a n H is t o r y

C h i l d r ea r in g Ad v ic e in Tu r n o f 20t h C en t u r y Am er ic a

So u r c es o f C h i l d Rea r in g Ad v ic e in Ea r l y 20t h C en t u r y Am er ic a

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H is t o r ic a l C o n t e xt

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d eM au se, L. (1974). Th e h i st o r y o f c h i l d h o o d . N ew Yo r k :H ar per an d Ro w .

Ch i l d r ear i n g i n H u man H i st o r y

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Ch i l d r ear i n g i n Tu r n 20t h

Cen t u r y Amer i c a

So c i al Pr o g r essi v i sm

M o d er n i sm

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Ch i l d r ear i n g Ad v i c e i n Ear l y 20t h Cen t u r y Amer i c a

Child Study Association (1888); Century of the Child (Kay, 1903); Whitehouse Conferences on Children (1909, 1919, 1930); U. S. Children’s Bureau (1912); Infant Care (1914, 1921, 1924, 1925, 1929); Child Welfare Stations at Iowa (1917), Columbia Teacher’s College (1924), University of Minnesota (1925), Yale University (1926), University of California-Berkeley (1927); Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial (1918); Merrill-Palmer Institute (1918); Conference on Modern Parenthood (1925); Child Management (1925); Parents (1926).

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Bi o g r aph i c al , Pr o f essi o n al , an d C u l t u r a l

H o l t ’s C h i l d r ea r in g Ad v ic e

Th e Bo o k ’s Pu r po s e

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Buckley, K. W. (1989). Mechanical man: John Broadus Watson and the beginnings of behaviorism. New York: Guilford.

Cohen, D. (1979). J. B. Watson: The founder of behaviourism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Watson, J. B. (1936). John Broadus Watson. In C. Murchison (Ed.), A history of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 3, pp. 271-281). Worchester, MA: Clark University Press.

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Watson, J. B., & Morgan, J. J. B. (1917). Emotional reactions and psychological experimentation. American Journal of Psychology, 28, 163-174

Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14.

Watson, J. B. & Watson, R. R. (1921, December). Studies in infant psychology. Scientific Monthly, 13(6), 493-515.

Watson, J. B. (1925a). Experimental studies on the growth of the emotions. Pedagogical Seminary, 32, 328-348.

Watson, J. B. (1925b). Recent experiments on how we lose and change our emotional equipment. Pedagogical Seminary, 32, 349-371.

Watson, J. B. (1925c). What the nursery has to say about instincts. Pedagogical Seminary, 32,293-327.

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Wat so n ’s Co n t ext : Pr o f essi o n al

Watson, J. B. (1927a, Oct.). Are you giving your child a chance - the behaviorist speaks.McCall’s, 54, 64, 74.

Watson, J. B. (1927b, Sept.). Can psychology help me rear my child? McCall’s, 54, 44, 72.

Watson, J. B. (1927c, Nov.). Children’s fears and how they grow. McCall’s, 55, 68, 74.Watson, J. B. (1928a, Feb.). Raging youth. McCall’s, 55, 55.

Watson, J. B. (1928b, Jan.). A good child just a little spoiled. McCall’s, 55, 50, 66.

Watson, J. B. (1928c, March). Night and daytime care of the child. McCall’s, 55, 38, 66.

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Wat so n ’s Co n t ext : Cu l t u r al

Ever since my first glimpse of Dr. Holt’s “The Care and Feeding of Children,” I hoped some day to be able to write a book of the psychological care of the infant. I believed then that the psychological care was just as necessary as physiological care. Today I believe it is in some ways more important. Healthy babies do grow up under the most varied forms of feeding and bodily care. They can be stunted by poor food and ill health and then in a few days of proper regime be made to pick up their weight and bodily strength. But once a child’s character has been spoiled by bad handling which can be done in a few days, who can say that the damage is ever repaired. (p. 3)

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Wat so n ’s Co n t ext : H o l t

The purpose of this small volume will be accomplished abundantly if it contributes in any way to help the serious mother solve the problem of bringing up a happy child – a child who ….loses himself in work and play – who quickly learns to overcome the small difficulties in his environment…-- who soon builds up a wealth of habits that tides him over dark and rainy days…-- who passes into adolescence so well equipped that it is just a stretch of fertile years – and who finally enters manhood so bulwarked with stable work and emotional habits that no adversity can quite overwhelm him. (p. x)

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Wat so n ’s Co n t ext : H i s Bo o k ’s Pu r po se

Rh et o r i c al St yl e

C u l t u r a l Ad v ic e

Th e D a n g er s o f To o M u c h M o t h er Lo v e

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H is t o r io g r a ph ic a l M et h o d

Ch apt er 2: Th e Fear s o f Ch i l d r en an d H o w t o C o n t r o l Th em

C h a pt er 4: Ra g e a n d Tem per Ta n t r u m s a n d H o w t o C o n t r o l Th em

C h a pt er 5: N ig h t a n d D a yt im e C a r e o f t h e C h i l d

C h a pt er 6: W h a t Sh a l l I Tel l M y C h i l d Abo u t Se x?

C h a pt er 3: Th e D a n g er s o f To o M u c h M o t h er Lo v e

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Wa t s o n ’s C h i l d r ea r in g Ad v ic e

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There is a sensible way of treating children. Treat them as though they were young adults. Dress them, bathe them with care and circumspection. Let your behavior always be objective and kindly firm. Never hug and kiss them, never let them sit in your lap. If you must, kiss them once on the forehead when they say good night. Shake hands with them in the morning. Give them a pat on the head if they have made an extraordinarily good job of a difficult task.

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Th e D an g er s o f To o M u c h M o t h er Lo v e

1. W h at i s “Beh av i o r i st i c ” C h i l d r ea r in g Ad v ic e

2. I s t h er e a n y “Beh a v io r i s t i c C h i l d r ea r in g Ad v ic e?

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Wa t s o n ’s Beh a v io r i s t C h i l d r ea r in g Ad v ic e in Per s pec t iv e

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W h at i s “Beh av i o r i st i c ” Ch i l d r ear i n g Ad v i c e?

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I s t h er e an y Beh av i o r i st Ch i l d r ear i n g Ad v i c e?

After this brief survey of the psychological care of infant and child, the behaviorist hastens to admit that he has no “ideals” for bringing up children. He does not know how the ideal child should be brought up. The standards imposed by present society are not his standards…As a matter of fact, there are as many ways of bringing up a child as there are civilizations…There is no ideal system of civilization – there are only actual civilizations, hence the child must be brought up along practical lines to fit a given civilization.

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I s t h er e An y Beh av i o r i st i c Ch i l d r ear i n g Ad v i c e?

Above all, we have tried to create a problem-solving child. We believe that a problem-solving technique (which can be trained) plus boundless absorption in activity (which can also be trained) are behavioristic factors which have worked in many civilizations of the past and which, so far was we can judge, will work equally well in most types of civilizations that are likely to confront us in the future.

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I s t h er e An y Beh av i o r i st i c Ch i l d r ear i n g Ad v i c e?

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Co n c l u si o n

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Ch i l d r ear i n g as t h e Beh av i o r i st Vi ew ed I t :

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Ed w ar d K. M o r r i s an d Kat h er yn M . Bi g el o w

Un i v er si t y o f Kan sas