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tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
OCEAN AND COASTAL TIDE
Dr. rer nat. Wiwin Windupranata
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Theoretical Background
Definition
The Equilibrium Theory of Tide
Influence of Moon’s and Sun’s Position on Tide
The Dynamic Theory of Tide
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Tides in Indonesia
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
01-Sep 02-Sep 03-Sep 04-Sep 05-Sep 06-Sep 07-Sep 08-Sep 09-Sep 10-Sep 11-Sep 12-Sep 13-Sep 14-Sep 15-Sep
Time
WL
(m
)
.
Tanjung Priok Semarang Rembang
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Tides in Indonesia
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
01-Sep 02-Sep 03-Sep 04-Sep 05-Sep 06-Sep 07-Sep 08-Sep 09-Sep 10-Sep 11-Sep 12-Sep 13-Sep 14-Sep 15-Sep
Time
WL
(m
)
.
Nias Sunda Strait Cilacap
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Tides in Indonesia
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
01-Sep 02-Sep 03-Sep 04-Sep 05-Sep 06-Sep 07-Sep 08-Sep 09-Sep 10-Sep 11-Sep 12-Sep 13-Sep 14-Sep 15-Sep
Time
WL
(m
)
.
Sibolga Pemangkat Balikpapan
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Tides in Indonesia
-2.50
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
01-Sep 02-Sep 03-Sep 04-Sep 05-Sep 06-Sep 07-Sep 08-Sep 09-Sep 10-Sep 11-Sep 12-Sep 13-Sep 14-Sep 15-Sep
Time
WL
(m
)
.
Halmahera Manokwari Merauke
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
General Definition on Tide
Relative movement of materials in the planets, natural
satellites, stars or other celestial bodies due to the
gravity of other celestial bodies
Three Types of Tide
Ocean Tide Water ( 1m)
Earth Tide Solid ( 1mm)
Atmospheric Tide Air ( 10 - 100 m)
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Tide Definition in Hydrography
Variation of sea level due to the gravity force
due to mutual attraction between the earth/moon and
earth/sun systems
Importance of Tide
Depth Reduction
Coastal Engineering
Scientific Research
Marine and Coastal Dynamics
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Planning of a Harbour
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Study of Tidal Currents
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Biotic Intertidal
Zone
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Tidal Changes
Flood Tide – Rising of Water
Ebb Tide – Falling of Water
Tidal Currents – Currents related to the tidal motion
Slack Water
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
A surface resulting from the
effects of tidal forcing and earth’s rotation, which is
coincident with the tidal bulge; if there were no
other forces acting, the sea surface would take the
shape of the equilibrium tide
Tidal Forces
Earth – Moon System
Earth – Sun System
Earth – Moon – Sun System
Equilibrium Theory of Tide
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Equilibrium Theory of Tide
Adopted from Newton’s Law on Gravity
1 221 122
12
ˆm m
F G rr
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Earth – Moon System
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Earth – Moon System
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Earth – Moon System
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Earth – Moon System
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Earth – Moon System
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
tractive force
Earth – Moon System
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Earth – Moon System
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Earth – Moon System
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Earth – Moon System
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Earth – Moon - Sun System
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Earth – Moon - Sun System
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Earth – Moon - Sun System
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Earth – Moon - Sun System
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
The Facts of Equilibrium Theory of Tide
In reality, equilibrium tide conditions are never present in
the real due to some facts:
Tides propagate as shallow water waves
Earth rotation is faster than the ability of water mass
to achieve equilibrium condition
The presence of lands
The presence of Coriolis effect
Dynamical tide theory are introduced to accommodate
these facts in the explanation of ocean and coastal
tidal phenomena
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Dynamical Theory of Tide
Starts to be developed ca. XVIII Century by some scientists
and mathematicians such as Bernoulli, Euler and Laplace.
The dynamical theory of tide is considering:
Coastal Shapes
Coriolis Force
Inertial Forces
Seafloor Frictions
AMPHIDROMIC SYSTEMS
Amphidromic point
Co-tidal lines
Co-range lines
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Dynamical Theory of Tide
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Dynamical Theory of Tide
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Dynamical Theory of Tide
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Dynamical Theory of Tide
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Dynamical Theory of Tide
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
Dynamical Theory of Tide
tides
gd3208 coastal environmental survey
Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
• Equilibrium theory explains
• spring neap tide series
• diurnal, semidiurnal and mixed semidiurnal tides
• Dynamical theory explains
• rotary motion of tides
• why coastal regions experience larger tides than open ocean regions
Conclusions
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