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tides

gd3208 coastal environmental survey

Dr. rer. nat. Wiwin Windupranata Hydrographic Science and Engineering Working Group

Faculty of Earth Science and Technology

Institute of Technology, Bandung

OCEAN AND COASTAL TIDE

Dr. rer nat. Wiwin Windupranata

tides





Theoretical Background

Definition

The Equilibrium Theory of Tide

Influence of Moon’s and Sun’s Position on Tide

The Dynamic Theory of Tide

tides





Tides in Indonesia

-1.00

-0.75

-0.50

-0.25

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

01-Sep 02-Sep 03-Sep 04-Sep 05-Sep 06-Sep 07-Sep 08-Sep 09-Sep 10-Sep 11-Sep 12-Sep 13-Sep 14-Sep 15-Sep

Time

WL

(m

)

.

Tanjung Priok Semarang Rembang

tides





Tides in Indonesia

-1.00

-0.75

-0.50

-0.25

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00


Time

WL

(m

)

.

Nias Sunda Strait Cilacap

tides





Tides in Indonesia

-1.50

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50


Time

WL

(m

)

.

Sibolga Pemangkat Balikpapan

tides





Tides in Indonesia

-2.50

-2.00

-1.50

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50


Time

WL

(m

)

.

Halmahera Manokwari Merauke

tides





General Definition on Tide

Relative movement of materials in the planets, natural

satellites, stars or other celestial bodies due to the

gravity of other celestial bodies

Three Types of Tide

Ocean Tide Water ( 1m)

Earth Tide Solid ( 1mm)

Atmospheric Tide Air ( 10 - 100 m)

tides





Tide Definition in Hydrography

Variation of sea level due to the gravity force

due to mutual attraction between the earth/moon and

earth/sun systems

Importance of Tide

Depth Reduction

Coastal Engineering

Scientific Research

Marine and Coastal Dynamics

tides





Planning of a Harbour

tides





Study of Tidal Currents

tides





Biotic Intertidal

Zone

tides





Tidal Changes

Flood Tide – Rising of Water

Ebb Tide – Falling of Water

Tidal Currents – Currents related to the tidal motion

Slack Water

tides





A surface resulting from the

effects of tidal forcing and earth’s rotation, which is

coincident with the tidal bulge; if there were no

other forces acting, the sea surface would take the

shape of the equilibrium tide

Tidal Forces

Earth – Moon System

Earth – Sun System

Earth – Moon – Sun System

Equilibrium Theory of Tide

tides





Equilibrium Theory of Tide

Adopted from Newton’s Law on Gravity

1 221 122

12

ˆm m

F G rr

tides






tides





tractive force


tides






tides





Earth – Moon - Sun System

tides





The Facts of Equilibrium Theory of Tide

In reality, equilibrium tide conditions are never present in

the real due to some facts:

Tides propagate as shallow water waves

Earth rotation is faster than the ability of water mass

to achieve equilibrium condition

The presence of lands

The presence of Coriolis effect

Dynamical tide theory are introduced to accommodate

these facts in the explanation of ocean and coastal

tidal phenomena

tides





Dynamical Theory of Tide

Starts to be developed ca. XVIII Century by some scientists

and mathematicians such as Bernoulli, Euler and Laplace.

The dynamical theory of tide is considering:

Coastal Shapes

Coriolis Force

Inertial Forces

Seafloor Frictions

AMPHIDROMIC SYSTEMS

Amphidromic point

Co-tidal lines

Co-range lines

tides





Dynamical Theory of Tide

tides





• Equilibrium theory explains

• spring neap tide series

• diurnal, semidiurnal and mixed semidiurnal tides

• Dynamical theory explains

• rotary motion of tides

• why coastal regions experience larger tides than open ocean regions

Conclusions

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