notes ch. 17- manifest destiny and war. i. manifest destiny and expansion

Notes Ch. 17-Notes Ch. 17-Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny

and Warand War

Notes Ch. 17-Notes Ch. 17-Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny

and Warand War

I. Manifest Destiny and Expansion

A. Manifest Destiny

What?U.S. would expand to the

PacificWhy?*Social (America was “special”*Economic (more land to grow

crops-$$$*Political-Democracy could work!

B. Territorial Expansion

1. Louisiana Purchase2. Florida by treaty

3. Election of 1844Henry Clay (Whig) vs. James Polk

(Dem.)

Results of Election of 1844.

Election of 1844

Polk was expansionist…

Wanted more territory!

a. 54 40’ or Fight” – U.S. wanted all of

Oregon.

“54 40 or Fight”“54 40 or Fight”

b. Compromise with G.B. at

b. Compromise with G.B. at

49th Parallel49th Parallel

D. Texas

March 1845 Congress voted to annex Texas.

II. The Mexican War

A. Causes1. U.S. and Mexico had a disputed border claim.2. Area between the Rio Grande and Nueces Rivers.

Map-disputed territory

Nueces River

Nueces RiverRio

GrandeRio

Grande

B. Beginning of the war

1. Polk sent Gen. Zachary

Taylorinto disputed

area “Old Rough & Ready”

2. Polk sent

John Slidell Mexico with an offer to buy Texas and California

3. Taylor refused to leave when ordered to do so by

the

Mexican commander, so Mexico attacked and killed 11 Americans and took others prisoner.

2. President Polk then askedCongress for a Declaration

of War“American blood has been spilled on American Soil!” -

POLK

C. U.S. response to war

1. U.S. government asked for 50,000 but 200,000 volunteered to fight.

2. 1st war covered by Newspapers.

Volunteers from New Hampshire

U.S. response (cont.)

3. Patriotic Songs and increased National pride.

4. Opposition-

Douglass

Abolitionists-

Spread of slavery

Pacifists-

Unjust war

4. Opposition-

Thoreau

Jailed for refusing to pay his taxes!

D. American VictoriesD. American Victories

1. General Taylor scored victories at ___________ and _______________ which drove Mexican forces back into Mexico.

Palo Alto Monterray

2. General Stephen Kearney

Attacked New Mexico and captured the town of _______ without a fight.

Santa Fe

KEARNEY

KEARNEY

3. John C. Fremont

Encouraged Americans in northern California to revolt in what became known as the

Bear Flag Revolt

Bear Flag Revolt

Kearney

FR

EM

ON

T

KEARNEY

TAYLOR

E. End of the War1. General Taylor received more troops and launched an attack deeper into Mexico where he eventually defeated Santa Anna.

2. President Polk replaced General Taylor

(Polk thought Taylor’s popularity might encourage him to run for President )

3. Gen. Winfield Scott replaced Taylor

Captured the Mexican fortress at Veracruz then

marched to Mexico City. “Old Fuss and Feathers”

Map: Mexican War Campaigns

Landing at Veracruz

winning a key battle at Chapultepec

U.S. won battle for Mexico CityU.S. won battle for Mexico City

Map: Mexican War Campaigns

Sept., 1847

Mexico surrenderedMexico surrendered

F. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1. Mexican Cession includes most of present day

California Arizona New Mexico Utah Nevada

And parts of……..Colorado and

Wyoming.

2. U.S. gained the disputed territory between

Mexico and ….

Texas.

Over 500,000 square miles.

3. U.S. paid Mexico $15 million and assume $3

million in debts.

G. Gadsden PurchaseG. Gadsden PurchaseU.S. paid $10 million to Mexico for what is now

southern…..

Arizona and New Mexico

III. More Settlers Head West

A. Led to more conflicts between settlers and ___________.

B. Cultural Encounters- _______,________, and ___________ cultures influenced each other in the west.

IndiansIndian

Spanish

Anglo

The Mormons1. Joseph Smith founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints who are typically called Mormons.

Mormons

2. Mormons stressed hard work and __________, but some Mormon men practiced _______ which caused persecution.

community polyga

my

The Mormons

3. Mormons moved to Illinois, but when ________ was killed they moved to the Great Salt Lake under the leadership of _____________

Smith

Brigham Young

Brigham Young

The Mormons

4. The Mormons used __________ to turn the desert in fertile land.

irrigation

The Mormons

4. The Mormons used __________ to turn the desert in fertile land.

irrigation

Brigham Young

IV. California- The World Rushed In

A. Forty-niners-

Went to California in search of Gold

3. Work

Panning Sluice

Forty-niners

D. Life in Mining Camps

B. Caused tremendous growth in California

San FranciscoC. Within two years, California had enough people to apply for statehood.

San Francisco 1854San Francisco 1854

D. Supplies and Provisions

Very expensiveThe store owners got rich

Levi Strauss

E. boomtowns

Towns that grew quickly because of gold mines.

Many became ghost towns.

F. WomenVery fewSome were

miners

G. The California Dream-

Did not become reality for most!

H. Chinese & Other Immigrants

1. Many Chinese were indentured servants.

2. Treatment-Prejudice, discrimination

3. Other immigrants-Mexico, Chile

I. Effects of the Gold Rush

1. Population- EXPLODED!2. Californios-

discriminated against3. Indians- attacked and

destroyed