U.S. ExpansionThe Mexican-American War and Manifest Destiny

Starter – November 13th List the negative and positive impacts of

industrialization.

Starter – November 13th Do we have expectations of modern day

immigrants? What are those expectations?

The Journey West President Polk (1845-1849) Manifest Destiny: belief that

it was our God-given right to expand to the Pacific Ocean.

U.S. settlers moved to Texas while it was still a province of Mexico.

Refusing to abide by Mexican law, the new settlers started a rebellion.

Spanish Texas The Spanish had

been in the Americas since Columbus in 1492.

Spain owned a large part of North America, including Texas.

Tejanos In 1821, only about 4,000 Tejanos lived

in Texas. Tejanos are people of Spanish heritage

who consider Texas their home. The Spanish government tried to attract

Spanish setters to Texas, but very few came.

Moses AustinAn American, Moses

Austin was given permission by the Spanish government to start a colony in Texas.

All the Americans had to do was follow Spanish laws.

Moses died in 1821, so his son Stephen tried to start the colony.

In 1821, Mexico won independence from Spain

Texas Grows The success of Austin’s colony attracted

more land speculators and settlers to Texas from the United States.

Some were looking for a new life, some were escaping from the law, and others were looking for a chance to grow rich.

By 1830, the population had swelled to about 30,000,with Americans outnumbering the Tejanos six to one.

Rising Tensions in Texas In 1829, the Mexican government

outlawed slavery. The settlers wanted to keep their slaves

so they could grow cotton. The Americans also didn’t want to learn

Spanish or follow Mexican laws. Very few settlers had converted to

Catholicism.

Rising Tensions In Texas In 1829, the Mexican government closed the

state to further American immigration. Texans had to start paying taxes for the first time. Mexican president, General Antonio Lopez de

Santa Anna sent more Mexican troops to Texas. Texans began talk of breaking away from Mexico. When Stephen Austin was jailed, the Texans did

revolt. Santa Anna led 6,000 troops to Texas to put down

the revolt.

The Alamo The first battle

between the Texans and Mexicans took place at on old mission that was used as a fort.

It was called the Alamo.

The Fight for the Alamo There were only 183 Texans guarding the Alamo. The Mexican army had 1,800 men. The Texans held the Alamo for twelve days. On the thirteenth day, Santa Anna ordered his

men to storm the fortress. When it was over, all but five Texans were dead.

The men not killed in the battle were executed by Santa Anna.

Texans were shocked by the slaughter at the Alamo and vowed to fight for their freedom.

Lone Star Republic In 1836, Texas declared itself

The Lone Star Republic. Sam Houston was elected

president. Some Americans wanted Texas

to be part of the U.S. Some people were afraid of

Texas becoming a slave state, others of war with Mexico.

Both would eventually happen.

Alamo Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=6n2CUCDATi8

Republic of Texas The Lone Star Republic was born and

Sam Houston became the first President Texans wanted the US to annex

(incorporate) Texas as the 28th State, but slavery issues clouded the debate until President James K. Polk was elected in 1844

Mexico was furious and this action lead to the Mexican American War of 1845

Major Battles Begin Mexico and the US disagreed on the

southern border of Texas: US recognized the Rio Grand River Mexico recognized the Nueces River

(farther north than the Rio Grand) President Polk sent John Slidell to

negotiate terms with Mexico

The Lone Star Republic

Major Battles Begin John Slidell wanted

to: Purchase the

territories of California and New Mexico

Agree upon which river would be the border of Texas

He was not seen by the Mexican Government

Major Battles Begin President Polk wanted Texas either way,

so he ordered Zachary Taylor to occupy the Rio Grand area of the border

Mexico saw this as a violation of their treaty they signed and opened fire

A small fight broke out near Matamoros

Major Battles Begin 9 Soldiers were killed and Polk called for

the American people to rise up because American blood had been spilled on American soil

Public opinion was in favor of war. Congress was unsure because of slavery

and the way this incident started

But the Mexican American War begins…

Mexican-American War Texas existed as the Lone Star Republic

for 10 years until annexation by the U.S. Further territorial disputes would lead to

Mexican-American War. The U.S. would be victorious and

effectively triple the size of the original United States with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Gadsden Purchase.

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, Nevada gained by the US.

Mexico lost ½ of its land. $15 million paid to Mexico. INCREASES SECTIONALISM Large tracts would be open to slavery. Debate over slavery increases. Gadsden Purchase: $10 million purchase of

land that set the current border of Mexico and US.

Significance of Mexican-American War

Review Video http://www.montereyinstitute.org/

courses/AP%20US%20History%20I/course%20files/multimedia/lesson32/lessonp.html?showTopic=3