notes accessory organs digestive system

Notes: Accessory Organs (pg 10)

Output (pg 11)

• Paste the diagram on the top of pg 11• Label the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum

Liver

• Largest gland (1.5 kg). Located just below diaphragm. Larger on right side

Liver

• Largest gland (1.5 kg). Located just below diaphragm. Larger on right side

• 2 major lobes (right and left) and 2 smaller lobes (caudate and quadrate)

Liver

• Largest gland (1.5 kg). Located just below diaphragm. Larger on right side

• 2 major lobes (right and left) and 2 smaller lobes (caudate and quadrate)

• Functions: produces bile, stores glucose as glycogen and releases it when blood sugar is too low, detoxifies poisons, excretes waste products in bile, filters the blood (contains phagocytic Kupffer cells)

Liver Disease

• Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver. Caused by virus. Spread by contaminated food, sexual contact, shared needles

Liver Disease

• Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver. Caused by virus. Spread by contaminated food, sexual contact, shared needles

• Cirrhosis: Chronic inflammation causing the liver to become hard and fibrous. Caused by alcoholism and hepatitis

Gallbladder

• Pear-shaped sac attached to the underside of the liver

Gallbladder

• Pear-shaped sac attached to the underside of the liver

• Stores and concentrates bile

Gallbladder

• Pear-shaped sac attached to the underside of the liver

• Stores and concentrates bile• Delivers bile to the duodenum via the

common bile duct

Gallbladder

• Pear-shaped sac attached to the underside of the liver

• Stores and concentrates bile• Delivers bile to the duodenum via the

common bile duct• Gallstones: If bile becomes too concentrated it

can crystalize. Gallstones are very sharp, causing severe pain. Can block bile duct leading to jaundice

Output (pg 11)

• On diagram: Label liver and gallbladder

Bile

• Yellowish-green fluid. Produce about 1 liter per day

Bile

• Yellowish-green fluid. Produce about 1 liter per day

• Slightly alkaline (pH = 8) so it helps neutralize acidic chyme

Bile

• Yellowish-green fluid. Produce about 1 liter per day

• Slightly alkaline (pH = 8) so it helps neutralize acidic chyme

• Contains water, bile salts (emulsifying agents that break large fat globules into tiny droplets), and bile pigments (waste products. Primarily bilirubin from the breakdown of red blood cells)

Output (pg 11)

• Draw diagram of emulsification

Pancreas (pg 10)

Endocrine and exocrine portions

Pancreas (pg 10)

Endocrine and exocrine portions• Endocrine: Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin

and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar

Pancreas (pg 10)

Endocrine and exocrine portions• Endocrine: Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin

and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar• Exocrine: Makes bicarbonate (neutralizes

acidic chyme) and digestive enzymes and empties them into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct

Pancreas (pg 10)Endocrine and exocrine portions• Endocrine: Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin

and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar• Exocrine: Makes bicarbonate (neutralizes

acidic chyme) and digestive enzymes and empties them into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct– Pancreatic amylase: Breaks starch into

disaccharides

Pancreas (pg 10)Endocrine and exocrine portions• Endocrine: Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin

and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar• Exocrine: Makes bicarbonate (neutralizes acidic

chyme) and digestive enzymes and empties them into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct– Pancreatic amylase: Breaks starch into disaccharides– Trypsin: Breaks proteins into peptides

Pancreas (pg 10)Endocrine and exocrine portions• Endocrine: Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin

and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar• Exocrine: Makes bicarbonate (neutralizes acidic

chyme) and digestive enzymes and empties them into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct– Pancreatic amylase: Breaks starch into disaccharides– Trypsin: Breaks proteins into peptides– Peptidase: Breaks peptides into amino acids

Pancreas (pg 10)Endocrine and exocrine portions• Endocrine: Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin

and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar• Exocrine: Makes bicarbonate (neutralizes acidic

chyme) and digestive enzymes and empties them into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct– Pancreatic amylase: Breaks starch into disaccharides– Trypsin: Breaks proteins into peptides– Peptidase: Breaks peptides into amino acids– Pancreatic lipase: Breaks fats (triglycerides) into

monoglycerides

Output (pg 11)

• On diagram: Label pancreas

• Write a song about the accessory organs. At least 12 lines long. To the tune of a well-known song