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The National
Assembly
By: Hunter Collins
Well the Nation Assembly has
been dated on June 17, 1789 to
deal with France financial crisis,
but promptly fell to do so over its
own structure. Its members had
been elected to represent the first
estate the second estate and the
third estate. But at the opening
session on June 17, 1789 they were
informed that all voting would be
by the states not "by head", so their
double represent was to be no
reason in terms of power. They
refused this and proceeded to meet
separately.
The representatives of the
Third Estate began to meet on their
own. They called themselves the
Communes. Those kinds of people
are called the common people in
their time. They proceeded with
their “powers" independently of the
other bodies, from June 13 to June
17 they were joined by some of the
nobles and the majority of the
clergy and other people such as the
peasants. On June 17, this group
began to call itself the National
Assembly.
Initially, the Assembly announced,
and for the most part probably
believed, itself to be operating in the
interests of King Louis xlv as well as
those of the people. In theory, royal
authority still prevailed and new laws
continued to require the king's consent.
No longer interested in advice, Louis
XVI, under the influence of the country
of his council resolved to go in state to
the Assembly, annul its decrees,
command the separation of the orders,
and dictate the reforms to be effected
by the restored Estates-General. On
June 19, he ordered the Salle des États,
the hall where the National Assembly
met, closed, and remained at marly for
several days while he prepared his
address.
On the morning of June 20, the
deputies were shocked to discover the
doors to their chamber locked and
guarded by soldiers. Immediately
fearing the worst and anxious that a
royal coup was imminent, the deputies
congregated in the king's nearby indoor
tennis court, where they took a solemn
collective oath never to separate, and to
meet wherever circumstances demand,
until the constitution of the kingdom is
established and affirmed on solid
foundations.
The Stabbing of Marat
By: Autumn Barnett
Jean Paul Marat was born May 24,
1743 in Boudry, Switzerland. He died
in July 13, 1793 in Paris. He was a
leader of the great French
Revolution, scholar and journalist.
Marat settled in France when he
was 16 years old until 1765 he
studied the natural and
philosophical sciences at Bordeaux
and Pairs. When the revolution
began Marat left his scientific
occupations and devoted himself to
serving people in pamphlets written
in 1789 he developed the idea of the
need to unite all progressive social
forces for the struggle against
absolutism. In September 1789 he
began to publish the newspaper Ami
du people which became popular as a
militant organ of revolutionary
democracy. The newspaper published
articles that systematically
deafened the goals of developing
the for revolution and exposing
those who used betrayal of the
revolution and exposing those who
used false hypocritical phrases to
conceal their desire to delay the
revolutions further development.
Marat and Robespierre, the leaders
of the Jacobins, directed the
preparations for the up rising of
May 31 to June 2, 1793 which
overthrew the Girondins. Sever
illness prevented Marat from
taking part in the work of the
Convection after the Jacobin
dictatorship was established.
However even while he was ill, he
continued to issue his newspaper .
Marat was murdered by c. Corday.
His funeral was turned into a
spectacular political
demonstration. This is a hero and he
inspires people even today to be
strong and don’t give up. even
though his life was cut short his
newspapers will still be
remembered.
The Storming of the Bastille
By: Nate Hopewell
storming of the
Bastille occurred
in Paris, France on the
morning of 14 July 1789. The
medieval fortress and prison
in Paris known as
the Bastille represented royal
authority in the centre of
Paris. While the prison only
contained seven inmates at
the time of its storming, its fall
was the High point of
the French Revolution. In
France, Le qua torze
juillet (14 July) is a public
holiday, formally known as
the Fête de la
Fédération (Federation
Holiday). It is usually
called Bastille Day in English.
The 3rd
estate has taken over
the bastille from the 2nd
estate, arming themselves for
war. As we took over the
bastille and killed many
guards and the prison
commander and ran around
the city with there heads on
pikes.
The storming of the Bastille
and the
subsequent Declaration of the
Rights of Man and of the
Citizen was the third event of
this opening stage of the
revolution. The first had been
the revolt of the nobility,
refusing to aid King Louis XVI
through the payment of
taxes. The second had been
the formation of the National
Assembly and the Tennis
Court Oath.
98 attackers and one
defender had died in the
actual fighting.
The successful insurrection at
Paris spread throughout
France. In accord with
principles of popular
sovereignty and with complete
disregard for claims of royal
authority, the people created
a parallel structure of
municipalities for civic
government and militia for
civic protection. In rural
areas,many went beyond this:
some burned title-deeds and
no small number of châteaux,
as the "Great Fear" spread
across the countryside during
the weeks of 20 July to 5
August, with attacks on
wealthy landlords impelled by
the belief that the aristocracy
was trying to put down the
revolution.
Cartoon:
Letters to the Editor Keeley Rather
“Referring to the recent stream
of executions of people
belonging to the third estate,
my family
has been terrified that the
authorities will be coming for
us soon. The arrests and
executions have been
seemingly random, so we have
reason to be worried for our
safety. It is as if the higher
estates are
punishing the entire lower
class without reason at all,
even though we are the ones to
work and pay taxes
to the government and the
church. I sincerely wish for
something to soon bring peace
upon our nation
again.” --Submitter wishes to
remain anonymous
“My father was recently sent
to be executed by the
guillotine, under
circumstances that he was
caught trying to steal away
some food from a local market
for our family, and though he
was committing
a crime, I still believe
something should be done about
the poverty within the
country. Had my family had
access to the provisions
necessary to our lives, then
my father would not have
risked his life so the rest of
the family could keep theirs.
Something must be changed for
our nation to be whole once
more.”
--Anthony Bonnefois, from
Versailles
“I happen to believe that
everyone is overreacting to
this predicament. The people
who are being
executed are the only ones at
fault for their untimely
deaths. They are the ones who
broke the law, and
they have been punished
accordingly. God would not let
innocent individuals die
without proper reason.”
--Marquis Fontaine, from Paris
Tennis
Court Closed By: Jake Daugherty
The tennis court located in the Saint-Louis district of the city of Versailles, near the Palace of Versailles is closed until further notice. This is due to the 1st and 2nd estate to allow the 3rd estate into the Estates-General meeting. They busted down the door, and made a pledge to not leave until a new constitution has been drawn up. “We do not agree or like these laws, it is a disgrace to the hard work and effort that
the 3rd estate puts into this country”, said Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, the leader of the “National Assembly”. The following morning we were shocked to discover that the chamber door was locked and heavily guarded by French soldiers. They then took an oath stating, “not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established". While the King is still mourning over the recent death of the Dauphin (the king’s eldest son) the newly drawn up constitution resides untouched. The 3rd estate or “National Assembly” remains aside in the indoor tennis court until
this new constitution is almost complete to completely finish. They took an oath, and will not break it, not even by force. The soldiers still remain to guard the doors and help the 3rd estate. The deputies will not do anything about it, and the 1st and 2nd estates are not happy about this. They do not want the change of the constitution because of their easy way of life. So the tennis court is closed until further notice.
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