networking
Post on 18-May-2015
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Networking conceptsNetworking concepts
By
Robin Kapoor, 47
Sourabh Garg, 60
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MeaningMeaning
Connection between two or more things is known as networking
Connection between two or more computers is computer networking
Computer networks also involves other electronic and digital devices
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Networking BenefitsNetworking BenefitsNetworking Enables: Information
Sharing
Hardware and Software Sharing
Centralized Administration
and Support
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Roles of Computers in a Roles of Computers in a NetworkNetwork Mail ServerMail Server
Database ServerDatabase Server
DatabaseDatabase
Fax ServerFax Server
File and Print ServerFile and Print Server
Directory Services Directory Services ServerServer
Client Computer
Mail ServerMail Server
Database ServerDatabase Server
DatabaseDatabase
Fax ServerFax Server
File and Print ServerFile and Print Server
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Types of NetworksTypes of NetworksPeer-to-Peer
Client-Server
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Scope of NetworksScope of Networks
Local Area Network
Wide Area Network
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Local Area NetworksLocal Area Networks
a. Bus topologyb. Ring topology
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Metropolitan Area NetworksMetropolitan Area Networks
A metropolitan area network based on cable TV.
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Wide Area NetworksWide Area Networks
Relation between hosts on LANs and the subnet.
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Wide Area Networks (2)Wide Area Networks (2)
A stream of packets from sender to receiver.
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Wireless networksWireless networks
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Wireless NetworksWireless Networks
Categories of wireless networks:
Wireless LANsWireless WANs
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Wireless Networks (2)Wireless Networks (2)
(a) Bluetooth (b) Wireless LAN
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TopologiesTopologies
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Bus TopologyBus Topology
Terminator
SegmentSegment
Terminator
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Star TopologyStar Topology
Hub
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Ring TopologyRing Topology
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Mesh TopologyMesh Topology
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Hybrid TopologiesHybrid TopologiesStar-Bus Bus
Star-Ring
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Devices for networkingDevices for networking
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EthernetEthernet
CharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristics DescriptionDescriptionDescriptionDescription
Access MethodAccess Method CSMA/CDCSMA/CD
Transfer SpeedTransfer SpeedStandard Ethernet – 10 MbpsFast Ethernet – 100 MbpsGigabit Ethernet – 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps)
Standard Ethernet – 10 MbpsFast Ethernet – 100 MbpsGigabit Ethernet – 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps)
Collision DetectionCarrier Sense Multiple Access
Detects signalTransmits signal Collision detected
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Network CablesNetwork CablesTypes of CablesTypes of CablesTypes of CablesTypes of Cables
Coaxial ThinNetThickNet10Base2, 10Base5
Fiber-Optics
Twisted-PairUnshielded (UTP)Shielded (STP)10BaseT
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Wireless Communication DevicesWireless Communication Devices
Wireless Communication DevicesWireless Communication DevicesWireless Communication DevicesWireless Communication Devices
Narrowband Radio Transmission
Infrared Transmission
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Repeaters and HubsRepeaters and HubsRepeater
Transmits data to all connected computers
HubTransmits data to all connected computers in a star topology
Repeater
Hub
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BridgesBridges
Bridge
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SwitchesSwitches
Switch
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RoutersRouters
RouterRouter
RouterRouter
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GatewaysGateways
Ethernet
Token Ring
Gateway
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Infrared Data Association (IrDA)
Wireless Communication by Using IrDA
Windows Client
Mouse
Laptop
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Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model
Application LayerApplication LayerApplication LayerApplication Layer
Presentation LayerPresentation LayerPresentation LayerPresentation Layer
Session LayerSession LayerSession LayerSession Layer
Transport LayerTransport LayerTransport LayerTransport Layer
Network LayerNetwork LayerNetwork LayerNetwork Layer
Data Link LayerData Link LayerData Link LayerData Link Layer
Physical LayerPhysical LayerPhysical LayerPhysical Layer
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Some other facts about networkingSome other facts about networking
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IP Address ClassesIP Address Classes
ww xx yy zz
Class A Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID
Class B Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID
Class C Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID
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IP AddressesIP Addresses
192.168.1.0192.168.1.0 192.168.3.0192.168.3.0
192.168.1.100192.168.1.100 192.168.2.101192.168.2.101
192.168.2.100192.168.2.100 192.168.3.100192.168.3.100
192.168.2.0192.168.2.0
192.168.1.100192.168.1.100IPAddress
Host IDHost ID
Network IDNetwork ID
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The InternetThe Internet
Client
Connection UsingTCP/IP Protocol
Internet
Server
Text, Audio, Video, and Graphics Data
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Internet ServicesInternet Services
Internet
Electronic Mail (e-mail)World Wide Web (WWW)Chat Internet NewsFile Transfer Protocol (FTP)Telnet
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IntranetsIntranets
Intranet
Extranet
Internet
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Uniform Resource Locator (URL)Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
URL (http://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.html)– Protocol used (http://)– DNS address (example.microsoft.com)– Path on the server
(/tutorial/default.html)
http://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.htmlhttp://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.html
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Internet ProtocolsInternet Protocols
Internet
HTTPHTTPSFTPSMTPHTMLDHTML
Server
Data
Client
Connection Using anInternet Protocol
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Proxy ServersProxy Servers
Internet
Proxy Server
AuthorizedWeb Site
Restricted Web Site
LAN
LAN
LAN
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FirewallsFirewalls
LAN
LAN
LAN
Internet
Firewall
AuthorizedUser
Unauthorized User
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Thank YouThank You
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