nasalization and drawl in central yiddish · nasalization affects long v before final /n/ _# _v a....

PARIS RFP 16, June 27-29

Guillaume ENGUEHARD, Université d'Orléans, CNRS LLL

Noam FAUST, Université Paris 8 CNRS SFL

Nasalization and Drawl in

Central Yiddish

OUTLINE● Empiry (= data)● Theory● Analysis● Implication

EMPIRY● Drawl● Nasalization● Nasalization and drawl

EMPIRY● affects long V before prepausal C

_# _##

a. ʃuud ʃuuəd ‘shame’

looz looəz ‘louse’

b. nʊl nʊl ‘zero’

lɔz lɔz ‘let’

c. bluu bluu ‘blue’

froo froo ‘lady’

EMPIRY drawl

Jacobs (1990, 2005), elicited by second author

NASALIZATION● affects long V before final /n/

_# _V

a. baa baan-ən ‘train’

ʃpjoo ʃpjoon-ən ‘spy’

b. man man-ən ‘husband’

tɔn tɔn-ən ‘ton’

EMPIRY nasal izat ion

elicited by second author

NASALIZATION AND DRAWL● nasalization behaves like a prepausal C

_# _##

a. ʦuu ʦuuə ‘tooth’

b. bluu bluu ‘blue’

froo froo ‘lady’

EMPIRY nasal izat ion and drawl

elicited by second author

MORAIC ANALYSIS● final consonants can be extrasyllabic

σ

µ

uh

µ

σ

µ

uh t

µ*µ

t

EMPIRY nasal izat ion and drawl

MORAIC ANALYSIS● the pause inserts a syllabic node

σ

µ

uh

µ *µ

t

*σ σ

µ

uh

µ µ

t

*σ σ

µ

uh

µ µ

ə

σ

µ

t

EMPIRY nasal izat ion and drawl

MORAIC ANALYSIS● adjuncted nasals are realized as nasalization

σ

µ

uh

µ

n

σ

µ

uh

µ

N

*µ

EMPIRY nasal izat ion and drawl

MORAIC ANALYSIS● the pause inserts a syllabic node

σ

µ

uh

µ

*n

*σ σ

µ

uh

µ

n

*σ σ

µ

uh

µ µ

ə

σ

n

*µ µ µ

EMPIRY nasal izat ion and drawl

UNATTESTED

ISSUES● moras account for nasalization● moras account for drawl● but they cannot account for both

– except with ad hoc notions such as:● abandonned moras● reinserted moras● realized floatting segments● derivation

EMPIRY nasal izat ion and drawl

σ

µ

uh

µ <µ>

t

=

σ

µ

uh

µ *<µ>

t

σ

µ

uh

µ µ

ə

µ

σ

t

σ

µ

uh

µ <µ>

n

=

σ

µ

uh

µ *<µ>

σ

µ

uh

µ µ

ə

σ

σ

µ

uh

µ <µ>

t

σ

µ

uh

µ <µ>

EMPIRY

_# _##

nasal izat ion and drawl

2ND STEP1ST STEP

THEORY● Strict CV● Lateral relations● Final Empty Nucleus

STRICT CV● skeleton made of repeated CV units

C V C V

k i n

[kin] 'chin'

THEORY str ict CV

Lowenstamm (1996)

C V C V

ʃ a t

C V C V

χ ə n

LATERAL RELATIONS● empty nuclei need to be governed

[ʃatχən] 'matchmaker'

G

THEORY lateral relat ions

Kaye et al. (1990)

LATERAL RELATIONS● ungoverned nuclei need to be realized

/majd-l-l/ : [majdələ] ‘young woman (dim)’

C V C V

j d

C V C V

l

||

C V

a əə

THEORY lateral relat ions

Kaye et al. (1990), Faust (2018)

m l

[bʁiidəʁ] 'brother'

LATERAL RELATIONS● branching segments need to be licensed

C V C V

b iʁ

C V C V

d

L

C V

ʁə

THEORY lateral relat ions

Charette (1991)

C V C V

ʃ u

C V C V

l t

=

*[ʃuult]

||

LATERAL RELATIONS● unlicensed long segment are shortened

THEORY lateral relat ions

Charette (1991)

LATERAL RELATIONS● two opposite forces:

– government allows for unengaged positions

– licensing allows for engageable positions

THEORY lateral relat ions

Ségéral & Scheer (2001)

C V C V

k i n

[kin] 'chin'

FINAL EMPTY NUCLEUS● can remain unengaged

THEORY f inal empty nucleus

Kaye (1991)

C V C V

ʁ o

C V

f

[fʁoo] 'lady'

FINAL EMPTY NUCLEUS● can be engaged

THEORY f inal empty nucleus

Kaye (1991)

C V C V

m ʃ

C V

z a

[zamʃ] 'suede'

FINAL EMPTY NUCLEUS● can govern

G

THEORY f inal empty nucleus

Kaye (1991)

C V C V

d

C V

ʃ u

[ʃuud] 'shame'

FINAL EMPTY NUCLEUS● can license

L

THEORY f inal empty nucleus

Kaye (1991)

ANALYSIS● Nasalization and licensing● Drawl and government

NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● nasalization results from licensing

ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing

Jacobs (1990, 2005)

NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● nasalization involves a floatting /n/

C V

<< N

C VC V

z i

[zii] 'son'

ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing

Jacobs (1990, 2005)

NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● final |voice| floats in final devoicing

_V _#

a. gʁojsə gʁojs ‘big’

b. lojzə lojs ‘loose’

C VC V

l oj s

N

=

ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing

Jacobs (2005:115)

NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● |voice| is a manifestation of |N|

– low frequency

– nasal-voice paradox● nasals are unspecified for voice● nasals involve voice assimilation

ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing

Nasukawa (1997), Backley (2011)

NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● /n/ is a weak consonant that must be licensed● unlicensed, it drops● cf. Catalan

ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing

Faust & Torres-Tamarit (2018:20)

NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● final /n/ floats if it is unlicensed

C V

n

=

C VC V

z i

*[ziin] 'son'

L

ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing

NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● final /n/ is realized if it is licensed

C V

n

C V

k i

[kin] 'chin'

L

ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing

NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● /n/ can be syllabic (it can be spread V)

C V

g

C V

[liign] 'lie'

C V

n

ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing

Jacobs (2005:127)

C V

l i

NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● /n/ can license

[liign] 'lie'

ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing

C V

g

C V C V

n

C V

l i

L

DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● drawl results from government

ANALYSIS drawl and government

DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● the pause is an additional [CV]

C VC VC V

ʃ

[C V]

u d

/ʃuud##/ 'shame'

ANALYSIS drawl and government

Pagliano (2003)

C VC VC V

f ʁ

[C V]

o

[froo] 'lady'

DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● no effect in CVV

L

ANALYSIS drawl and government

C VC VC V

ʃ t

[C V]

i l

[ʃtil] 'silent'

DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● no effect in CVC

L

ANALYSIS drawl and government

C VC VC V

ʃ

[C V]

u d

=

*[ʃuud] 'shame'

DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● effect in CVVC

L||

ANALYSIS drawl and government

[ʃuuəd] 'shame'

DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● effect in CVVC

C VC VC V

ʃ

[C V]

u d

L||

ə

ANALYSIS drawl and government

[ʃuuəd] ≁ *[ʃuəd]

DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● effect in CVVC

C VC VC V

ʃ

[C V]

u d

L||

ə

ANALYSIS drawl and government

[ʃuwəd]

DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● effect in CVVC

C VC VC V

ʃ

[C V]

u d

L||

ə

ANALYSIS drawl and government

NASALIZATION AND DRAWL● no effect in CVn

C V

n

C V

k i

[C V]

[kin] 'chin'

L||

ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and drawl

NASALIZATION AND DRAWL● no effect in CVn

C V

n

C V

k i

[C V]

[kin] 'chin'

LL

ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and drawl

NASALIZATION AND DRAWL● effect in CVVn

C V

n

=

C V

ʦ u

C V [C V]

*[ʦuun] 'tooth'

L||

ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and drawl

NASALIZATION AND DRAWL● effect in CVVn

C V

n

=

C V

ʦ u

C V [C V]

*[ʦuun] 'tooth'

LL

ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and drawl

NASALIZATION AND DRAWL● effect in CVVn

*[ʦuu] 'tooth'

C V

<< N

C V

ʦ u

=

C V [C V]

L||

ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and drawl

NASALIZATION AND DRAWL● effect in CVVn

[ʦuuə] 'tooth'

C V

ə

C V

ʦ u

C V [C V]

L||

ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and drawl

IMPLICATION● Coda Mirror Theory● Nightmare position● Coda Mirror v2

CODA MIRROR THEORY● lateral relations determine strength

C VC v°

G

L

C VC V

G

L

C v°C V

STRONG NOT STRONG WEAK

IMPLICATION coda mirror theory

Ségéral & Scheer (2001)

NIGHTMARE POSITION● governed and unlicensed

C VC V

G

L

SUPER WEAK

IMPLICATION nightmare posi t ion

NIGHTMARE POSITION● e.g. C position following a long vowel

C VC V

c v

C V

G

L

IMPLICATION nightmare posi t ion

CODA MIRROR v2● G and L cannot have the same target

C VC v°

G

L

C VC V

G

L

C v°C V

STRONG NOT STRONG WEAK

IMPLICATION coda mirror v2

Scheer & Zikova (2010)

CODA MIRROR v2● but...

C V

n

C V

k i

[kin] 'chin'

G

L

IMPLICATION coda mirror v2

CONCLUSION● pause is manifested by a skeletal slot● nasalization results from lack of licensing● drawl results from lack of government● Central Yiddish supports Coda Mirror v1

– nightmare positions are attested

licensing

/n/

The Nightmare (position)

government

Füssli (1781)

MERCI

Backley, P. (2011) An Introduction to Element Theory. Edinburgh University Press.Charette, M. (1991) Conditions on Phonological Government. [2006]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Faust, Noam. 2018. Bi-morphemic virtual length in Yiddish. Studia Linguistica. Available online.Faust, N. and Torres-Tamarit, F. (2018) ‘Stress and final /n/ deletion in Catalan: Combining Strict CV and OT’, Glossa, 2(1), pp. 1–23.

Jacobs, Neil. 1990. Economy in Yiddish Vocalism: A Study in the Interplay of Hebrew and Non Hebrew Components. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.

Jacobs, Neil. 2005. Yiddish: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Kaye, Jonathan. 1990. ‘Coda’ Licensing. Phonology, 7(2): 301-330.Kaye, J., Lowenstamm, J. and Vergnaud, J.-R. (1990) ‘Constituent Structure and Government in Phonology’, Phonology, 7(2), pp. 193–231.

Lowenstamm, Jean. 1996. CV as the only syllable type. In Durand, Jacques and Bernard Laks (eds.), Current trends in Phonology. Models and Methods. Salford, Manchester: ESRI. 419 -441.

Nasukawa, K. (1997) ‘Melodic structure in a nasal-voice paradox’, UCL Working Papers in Linguistics, 9, pp. 403–423.

Pagliano, Claudine. 2003. L'epenthese consonantique en francais. Ce que la syntaxe, la semantique et la morphologie peuvent faire a la phonologie. PhD dissertation,Universite de Nice.

Scheer, Tobias. 2004. A Lateral Theory of Phonology. Vol 1: What is CVCV, and Why Should it Be? Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Scheer, Tobias. 2012. At the right edge of words (again). Festschrift for Glyne Piggott. McGill Working Papers in Linguistics 22: 1-29.

Scheer, Tobias & Marketa Zikova. 2010. The Coda Mirror v2. Acta LInguistica Hungarica, 57(4): 411-431.

Ségéral, Philippe & Tobias Scheer. 1999. The Coda Mirror. [ms]. Universities of Paris 7 & Nice.

REFERENCES