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Nanomaterials and the Quantum World Around Us

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ACS WEBINARS™ October 25, 2012

Dr. Darren Griffin

University of Kent

Dr. Bill Coish

McGill University

Nanomaterials and the Quantum World Around Us

Bill Coish ACS WebinarThursday, 25 Oct. 2012

Q1: What was the topic of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics?

(a) The Higgs boson

(b) The discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe

(c) Manipulation of individual quantum systems

(d) Graphene

"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems"

Nobel 2012:

Serge Haroche David J. Wineland

Serge Haroche

Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics

Manipulation of Trapped Ions

David J. Wineland

“Spukhafte Fernwirkung”=“Spooky action-at-a-distance”

(1935): E. Schrödinger

“Spukhafte Fernwirkung”=“Spooky action-at-a-distance”

(1935): E. Schrödinger

Schrödinger's Cat

+=

Building a cat one atom at a time...

Excited atom

Un-excited atom

Building a cat one atom at a time...

Excited atom

Un-excited atom

+ ......=

N atoms

World record (2011): N=14 atoms (Innsbruck)

Building a cat one atom at a time...

Excited atom

Un-excited atom

+ ......=

N atoms

World record (2011): N=14 atoms (Innsbruck)

Real cat: N = 1024 = 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 atoms!!

The `classical´ world:

What keeps us from making a big cat?ts

Decoherence!

The `classical´ world:

The quantum world:

What keeps us from making a big cat?ts

Decoherence!

Why go to all the trouble?ts

Quantum Technologies

Quantum Simulations

Why go to all the trouble?ts

Quantum Technologies

Quantum Simulations

Quantum Communication

Why go to all the trouble?ts

Quantum Technologies

Quantum Simulations

Quantum Communication

Quantum Computation

Quantum “Spinoff” Technologies

Quantum Logic Clock

Quantum Biosensors

Quantum “Spinoff” Technologies

Quantum Logic Clock

Quantum Biosensors

Basic understanding of biology?

Avian compass?

Quantum coherence in photosynthesis

Computing and communication

Peter Shor (MIT) Gilles Brassard (Montréal)

Charles Bennett (IBM)

Efficient computing Secure communication

Quantum computer: Why would this work?

Classical bitsQuantum bits Possible States1 1, 0 21=2

2 11, 00, 10, 01 22=4

3 111, 000, 100, 010,... 23=8

10 11...1,11...0,... 210=1024

20 11...1,11...0,... 220=1 Mb

30 11...1,11...0,... 230=1 Gb

40 11...1,11...0,... 240=1 Tb

100 11...1,11...0,... 2100

Google processes about 24 petabytes/day ~ 256 bits

=”0” =”1”Quantum bit (“qubit”):

Quantum Communication

11001010010+01011001001

10010011011 10010011011+01011001001

11001010010Bob

Alice

Message (blue)

Cryptographic Key (red)

Q2: Which of the following materials has recently been used to perform a quantum

algorithm at room temperature?

(a) Gold

(b) Quantum dots

(c) Diamond

(d) Graphene

T. van der Sar et al., Nature 484, 82 (2012)

Electron spins in diamond: A very small quantum computer

Other ways of isolating spin: Semiconductor quantum dots

Self-assembled quantum dots

`Gated' quantum dots

Colloidal quantum dots

Problem: One spin sees many

Many isotopes have non-zero nuclear spin!

Q3: What is the longest measured lifetime for quantum coherence of electron spins in the solid state?

(a) ~10-9 second = 1 ns

(b) ~10-3 second = 1 ms

(c) ~1 second

(d) 1 hour

Avogadro crystal: Highly pure 28Si

Remove the environmental spins?

A. M. Tyryshkin et al., Nature Materials 11, 143 (2012)

Spin of a donor atom in highly pure 28Si behaves almost like it's in 'vacuum'

Lifetime of quantum states:

A new quantum silicon race?

Colloidal dots

Gated Si quantum dots

Si:SiGe nanowire quantum dots

Carbon? 12C has no nuclear spin

nanotubes defects in diamond

graphene

How far have we come?

Quantum Computers: Up to ~10 qubits

Quantum Communication: Up to ~100 km

A quantum playground

Solar energy

Computing and information technologyThe avian compass

Single Spin(Quantum Coherence)

Photosynthesis

Thanks for joining in!

ª

Nanomaterials and the Quantum World Around Us

Download the presentation ONE WEEK after webinar:

http://acswebinars.org/nanomaterials-2012

Contact ACS Webinars™at acswebinars@acs.org

ACS WEBINARS™ October 25, 2012

Dr. Darren Griffin

University of Kent

Dr. Bill Coish

McGill University

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Paula Stephan

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Amanda "Still too small to see. . .

Bonds beneath the microscope.

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