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Nanomaterials and the Quantum World Around Us
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ACS WEBINARS™ October 25, 2012
Dr. Darren Griffin
University of Kent
Dr. Bill Coish
McGill University
Nanomaterials and the Quantum World Around Us
Bill Coish ACS WebinarThursday, 25 Oct. 2012
Q1: What was the topic of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics?
(a) The Higgs boson
(b) The discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe
(c) Manipulation of individual quantum systems
(d) Graphene
"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems"
Nobel 2012:
Serge Haroche David J. Wineland
Serge Haroche
Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics
Manipulation of Trapped Ions
David J. Wineland
“Spukhafte Fernwirkung”=“Spooky action-at-a-distance”
(1935): E. Schrödinger
“Spukhafte Fernwirkung”=“Spooky action-at-a-distance”
(1935): E. Schrödinger
Schrödinger's Cat
+=
Building a cat one atom at a time...
Excited atom
Un-excited atom
Building a cat one atom at a time...
Excited atom
Un-excited atom
+ ......=
N atoms
World record (2011): N=14 atoms (Innsbruck)
Building a cat one atom at a time...
Excited atom
Un-excited atom
+ ......=
N atoms
World record (2011): N=14 atoms (Innsbruck)
Real cat: N = 1024 = 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 atoms!!
The `classical´ world:
What keeps us from making a big cat?ts
Decoherence!
The `classical´ world:
The quantum world:
What keeps us from making a big cat?ts
Decoherence!
Why go to all the trouble?ts
Quantum Technologies
Quantum Simulations
Why go to all the trouble?ts
Quantum Technologies
Quantum Simulations
Quantum Communication
Why go to all the trouble?ts
Quantum Technologies
Quantum Simulations
Quantum Communication
Quantum Computation
Quantum “Spinoff” Technologies
Quantum Logic Clock
Quantum Biosensors
Quantum “Spinoff” Technologies
Quantum Logic Clock
Quantum Biosensors
Basic understanding of biology?
Avian compass?
Quantum coherence in photosynthesis
Computing and communication
Peter Shor (MIT) Gilles Brassard (Montréal)
Charles Bennett (IBM)
Efficient computing Secure communication
Quantum computer: Why would this work?
Classical bitsQuantum bits Possible States1 1, 0 21=2
2 11, 00, 10, 01 22=4
3 111, 000, 100, 010,... 23=8
10 11...1,11...0,... 210=1024
20 11...1,11...0,... 220=1 Mb
30 11...1,11...0,... 230=1 Gb
40 11...1,11...0,... 240=1 Tb
100 11...1,11...0,... 2100
Google processes about 24 petabytes/day ~ 256 bits
=”0” =”1”Quantum bit (“qubit”):
Quantum Communication
11001010010+01011001001
10010011011 10010011011+01011001001
11001010010Bob
Alice
Message (blue)
Cryptographic Key (red)
Q2: Which of the following materials has recently been used to perform a quantum
algorithm at room temperature?
(a) Gold
(b) Quantum dots
(c) Diamond
(d) Graphene
T. van der Sar et al., Nature 484, 82 (2012)
Electron spins in diamond: A very small quantum computer
Other ways of isolating spin: Semiconductor quantum dots
Self-assembled quantum dots
`Gated' quantum dots
Colloidal quantum dots
Problem: One spin sees many
Many isotopes have non-zero nuclear spin!
Q3: What is the longest measured lifetime for quantum coherence of electron spins in the solid state?
(a) ~10-9 second = 1 ns
(b) ~10-3 second = 1 ms
(c) ~1 second
(d) 1 hour
Avogadro crystal: Highly pure 28Si
Remove the environmental spins?
A. M. Tyryshkin et al., Nature Materials 11, 143 (2012)
Spin of a donor atom in highly pure 28Si behaves almost like it's in 'vacuum'
Lifetime of quantum states:
A new quantum silicon race?
Colloidal dots
Gated Si quantum dots
Si:SiGe nanowire quantum dots
Carbon? 12C has no nuclear spin
nanotubes defects in diamond
graphene
How far have we come?
Quantum Computers: Up to ~10 qubits
Quantum Communication: Up to ~100 km
A quantum playground
Solar energy
Computing and information technologyThe avian compass
Single Spin(Quantum Coherence)
Photosynthesis
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Nanomaterials and the Quantum World Around Us
Download the presentation ONE WEEK after webinar:
http://acswebinars.org/nanomaterials-2012
Contact ACS Webinars™at [email protected]
ACS WEBINARS™ October 25, 2012
Dr. Darren Griffin
University of Kent
Dr. Bill Coish
McGill University
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