moving towards cleaner fuels
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Brig KAMAL RASOOL (
Retd
)
GM TECHNICAL SUPPORT
SIGMA MOTORS LTD, ISLAMABAD
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SIGMA MOTORS LTD
Sigma Motors was established in 1995 as Land Rover Dealer.
It started assembly of Land Rover Defender in 2004. Over
12000 Defender vehicles are operating in Pakistan.
Sigma has 2S services all over Pakistan, while it has its own 3S
Services at Karachi, Lahore and lslamabad.
SIGMA
MOTORS
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SEQUENCESIGMAMOTORS
Important Fuel Properties Additives as Pour Point Improvers
Sulpher - Emission Standards
Common Rail Fuel System
Effects of Poor Quality Fuel
Ways to Overcome Ill Effects of Contamination
Hazardous Practices Adopted in Cold Areas
Types of Diesel Fuels Inducted in Pak Army Preventive Measures Against Fuel Contamination
Fuel Storage and Supply
Recommendations
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IMPORTANT FUEL PROPERTIESSIGMAMOTORS
Pour Point, is the lowest temperature at which the fuel could
still be poured satisfactorily. The lower the pour point, the more
desirable the fuel is when starting up at cold temperature.
Flash Point, is the lowest temperature at which the fuel gives off
vapors which can ignite. It is dangerous for the fuel to ignite
while in storage, so a high flash point is desirable.
Contamination: All fuels particularly diesel should be free from
sediments and water.
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SULPHER EMISSION STANDARDSSIGMA
MOTORS
EmissionStandards
GasolineS ppm max
Diesel FuelS ppm max
Euro 1 1000 2000 (0.2%)
Euro 2 150 300 (0.03%)
Euro 3 30 50
Euro 4, Euro 5 10 10
Engines achieve improved performance and
lower emissions with higher category fuels.
Ultra Low Sulpher Diesel (ULSD) FuelULSD contains
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Diesel EngineFuel Delivery Common Rail System
1. High-pressure line
2. Leak-off pipe
3. Fuel injection line
4. Fuel injector
5. Pressure limiting valve (2000 Bar)
6. Fuel rail
7. Volume Control Valve (VCV)
8. Fuel pressure sensor9. Fuel temperature sensor
10. High-pressure fuel pump(1600 Bar)
11. Fuel return
SIGMA
MOTORS
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EFFECTS OF POOR QUALITY FUELSIGMAMOTORS
( Samples of fuel retrieved from some vehicles )
( Volume Control Valve ) ( Pressure Relieve Valve ) ( Fuel Filter/ Sedimentor)
Sedimentsjams/ blocks these components preventing engine starting
Dirty Fuel will wear fuel injection eqpt and cause loss of power, produce smoke andmake starting difficult
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Several products are available in the market with different brand names for the
following purposes: -
a. Fuel/ Air Induction Service
b. Diesel Injection Service
c. Drive Line Service
Sigma service centers have been effectively using following BG products, withexcellent results: -a. BG Quick Clean for Engines restores power and performance to an engine by
rapidly removing accumulated deposits that form in the piston ring belt, rocker
arms etc.
Add BG Quick Clean to the oil, then run engine for 10-15 minutes. When the oldoil is drained, contaminants are quickly flushed away.
b. BG Diesel Care is a highly effective cleaner which quickly decarbonizes diesel
fuel injection systems.
It is designed for the new electronically controlled common rail systems using
direct injection, as well as traditional mechanical fuel injection systems.
WAYS TO OVERCOME ILL EFFECTS OF
FUEL / OIL CONTAMINATIONSIGMAMOTORS
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HAZARDOUS PRACTICES ADOPTED IN COLD AREASSIGMA
MOTORS
Following practices are being followed at Gilgit, Skardu and
surrounding areas: -
Heating the fuel tanks / engine sumps for heating the diesel fuel
prior to starting the vehicles in the morning.
To overcome the freezing of moisture in diesel in the fuel tanks /
pipes etc or to overcome issues related to Pour Point , vehicles
should be parked under cover at night to facilitate starting in the
morning; however, such cover is not generally available.
Therefore, at times fuel is directly heated in pots and then
poured in the fuel tanks which is very hazardous.
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TYPES OF DIESEL FUELS
Inducted in Pakistan ArmySIGMAMOTORS
47 Cetane 40 Pour Pt (47/40)Dieso 4 C
47 Cetane 20 Pour Pt (47/20)Dieso -7 C
47 Cetane zero pour Pt (47/0)Dieso -18 C
For extreme cold conditions as experienced in Gilgit Baltistan area,
diesel fuel (47/0) Dieso is recommended for use in diesel vehicles in
winters.
Above diesel fuels should be made available in the country for cold
areas.
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PREVENTIVE MEASURESAGAINST CONTAMINATED FUEL
SIGMA
MOTORS
Avoid using contaminated diesel fuel directly from jericans
Fuel should be filled from pumps
Where use of jericans is unavoidable, the fuel should be
filtered prior to filling in the fuel tanks, preferably by usingchamois cloth.
Drivers should remove the water & sediments from the
sedimentor at least once a week.
Above precautions will extend the life of diesel injectors and
other components in the fuel system.
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FUEL STORAGE & SUPPLYSIGMAMOTORS
Jericans
Bowzers Fuel Tanks
Fuel Pumping Stations
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RECOMMENDATIONSSIGMAMOTORS
Diesel fuel specifications should be revised particularly with
respect to sulpher content to meet international EURO standard
as well as to enhance engine life.
Winterized fuel should be made available in cold areas.
BG products may be used for flushing vehicle engine, in order
to reduce overhauling cost.
Fuel filter should be changed earlier than the period specifiedby manufacturers.
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