microbes - mr. dugger's 8th grade science...

MicrobesSCIENCE UNIT 3

Vocabulary Words

▶ Algae

▶ Bacteria

▶ Fungi

▶ Host Cell

▶ Microbe

▶ Mutant

▶ Parasite

▶ Pathogen

▶ Protist

▶ Vectors

▶ Virus

1. What is a Microbe?

▶ Microorganism

(Microbe) - a very small

living thing, especially

one that causes disease;

too small to see without

a microscope.

2. Pathogen

▶ Pathogen - an organism that

can cause disease.

▶ 4 Types of Human Pathogens:

▶ Virus

▶ Bacteria

▶ Fungi

▶ Protist

3. Virus

▶ Virus - A NON-LIVING unicellular

infectious particle.

▶ Smaller than bacteria.

▶ Cannot reproduce unless it is inside

a living cell (host cell).

4. Virus continued

▶A virus can only reproduce inside a cell

by getting in the cell to produce viral

parts instead of cell parts.

▶ Examples of viruses: cold, flu, chicken

pox, West Nile.

5. Host Cell

▶ A host cell - a cell that

provides a place for

the virus to live and

reproduce; it usually

kills and destroys the

cell.

6. The battle of viruses

▶ Viruses CANNOT be treated with

antibiotics (Anything that will kill the

virus will also kill the host cell).

▶ Viruses can enter the body through

ingestion, inhalation (breathing in),

or injection.

7. The battle of viruses continued

▶ The battle against viral diseases lies in the

use of vaccines.

▶ Vaccines contain a harmless variation of

the pathogen. Our immune system

launches a response to the harmless form,

thereby learning to recognize it the next

time that we are exposed to it.

8. The battle of viruses continued

▶ When we are exposed to the "real"

pathogen, our immune system can

respond much faster since it has already

learned to recognize the pathogen.

9. Treatment of Viruses

▶ Rest.

▶ Some antiviral medications.

▶ How to prevent:

▶Proper Hygiene, Proper Hand

washing, and Vaccines.

▶ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ

▶ https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_2822683407

&feature=iv&src_vid=kxM_9DL2GYw&v=PHp6iYDi9ko

10. Bacteria

▶ A group of single cell

organisms that can be found

everywhere, some are good

(they help us) and some are

bad (they make us sick).

▶ Very large compared to

viruses.

11. Bacteria Continued

▶ Some diseases that are

caused by bacteria are:

▶ Strep throat (streptococcus

bacteria)

▶ Staph Infection

▶ Food Poisoning

Pictures Of Strep ThroatHere are three pictures of strep throat.

Notice the red flecks indicating a bacterial infection.

12. How does bacteria reproduce?

▶ Bacteria reproduce through binary fission.

▶ Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction

where one cell undergoes cell division to form

two cells.

▶ If conditions are favorable for growth, bacteria

can grow and divide at fast rates. Many bacteria

can divide every 20 minutes (under ideal

conditions).

13. How Does it SPREAD?

▶ How does this organism infect another

organism?

▶ Contaminated food

▶ Contaminated soil

▶ Contaminated water

▶ Contact with other organisms, etc.

Suitable temperature:

80-100 °F.Moisture

Suitable food source

Darkness

Space to grow

14. Bacteria are found almost everywhere.

The best environment for growth has:

15. Good Bacteria vs Bad Bacteria

▶ Good Bacteria

You couldn’t survive without some bacteria!

Bacteria in your gut (probiotics: live bacteria that are good for your health, especially digestive

system) help you digest your food and fight invading microbes.

16. Good Bacteria vs Bad Bacteria

▶ Good Bacteria

Examples: Good bacteria is used in making some of the dairy products you like to eat (yogurt and cheese) and also some types of medicine.

E. Coli- found in our intestines of humans and aid in digestion.

17. Good Bacteria vs Bad Bacteria

▶ Bad Bacteria

Bacteria that makes us sick.

Examples: E. Coli, Salmonella.

18. What defeats/prevents bad bacteria?

▶ Vaccines and Antibiotics

▶ Many of the diseases caused by

bacteria can be prevented with

the use of vaccines.

▶ Antibiotics are compounds that kill

bacteria.

19. What defeats/prevents bad bacteria?

▶ Prevention:

▶ Proper hand washing and hygiene.

▶ Proper handling of food.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxM_9DL2GYw

20. Fungi

▶ Fungi - any group of spore

producing organisms

“feeding” on organic

matter.

▶ Examples: yeast, mold, &

mushrooms.

21. Basic Characteristics of Fungi

▶ Living.

▶ Unicellular or Multicellular.

▶ Some are harmful & cause disease others are

helpful & help cure disease and break down

decaying material.

▶ Gets energy from feeding on organic matter.

22. Spread of Fungi

➢How does fungi infect other organisms?

➢Enters the body in multiple ways: ingestion,

inhalation, contaminated soil, etc.

➢Example: Aspergillus (a infection caused by a

common mold) spores are breathed in.

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23. Examples of Infections of Fungi

➢Athletes Foot.

➢Ring Worm (fungal infection of the skin).

➢Skin, Hair, Nail, Eye, Lung Infections.

*

Treatment of Disease➢ Antifungal medications.

24. Prevention of Disease

➢Clean skin injuries.

➢Wear a mask and/or gloves

when working in damp and

dusty areas.

➢Proper hygiene.

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Fungi

25. Parasites

▶ A living organism that lives

in or on another organism

(its host) and benefits by

taking nutrients from the

host (harms the host).

26. Parasites

▶ Examples:

▶Ticks

▶Ear Mites

▶Fleas

▶Tapeworm

▶Heartworm

▶Sarcoptic Mange

27. Energy

▶ Most “use” the host to obtain energy

through cellular respiration.

▶ Some protists (eukaryotic organism

that can’t be classified as an animal,

plant, or fungus) obtain energy

through photosynthesis.

28. Diseases

➢How do parasites infect other organisms?

➢Enters the body through contaminated food ➢Protozoa (single celled organisms) and

helminths(parasitic worms) (flatworms,

roundworms, etc.)

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29. Diseases

➢Enters the body through vectors (an organism that transmits a disease or parasite from one

animal or plant to another).

➢Fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, etc.

➢ Enters the body through contaminated soil, and

water.

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30. Examples of Diseases

➢Malaria

➢Ticks

➢Tapeworms

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Parasites

➢ Prescription medications to kill parasite and to treat the infections.

Treatment of Disease

31. Prevention of Disease

➢Proper hand washing and hygiene, proper filtration of

water, proper handling of food, etc.

➢Preventative medications.

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Eyelash Mite (Zoomed in on one eyelash)

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Cat Flea (Zoomed in)

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The End