microbes - mr. dugger's 8th grade science...
TRANSCRIPT
MicrobesSCIENCE UNIT 3
Vocabulary Words
▶ Algae
▶ Bacteria
▶ Fungi
▶ Host Cell
▶ Microbe
▶ Mutant
▶ Parasite
▶ Pathogen
▶ Protist
▶ Vectors
▶ Virus
1. What is a Microbe?
▶ Microorganism
(Microbe) - a very small
living thing, especially
one that causes disease;
too small to see without
a microscope.
2. Pathogen
▶ Pathogen - an organism that
can cause disease.
▶ 4 Types of Human Pathogens:
▶ Virus
▶ Bacteria
▶ Fungi
▶ Protist
3. Virus
▶ Virus - A NON-LIVING unicellular
infectious particle.
▶ Smaller than bacteria.
▶ Cannot reproduce unless it is inside
a living cell (host cell).
4. Virus continued
▶A virus can only reproduce inside a cell
by getting in the cell to produce viral
parts instead of cell parts.
▶ Examples of viruses: cold, flu, chicken
pox, West Nile.
5. Host Cell
▶ A host cell - a cell that
provides a place for
the virus to live and
reproduce; it usually
kills and destroys the
cell.
6. The battle of viruses
▶ Viruses CANNOT be treated with
antibiotics (Anything that will kill the
virus will also kill the host cell).
▶ Viruses can enter the body through
ingestion, inhalation (breathing in),
or injection.
7. The battle of viruses continued
▶ The battle against viral diseases lies in the
use of vaccines.
▶ Vaccines contain a harmless variation of
the pathogen. Our immune system
launches a response to the harmless form,
thereby learning to recognize it the next
time that we are exposed to it.
8. The battle of viruses continued
▶ When we are exposed to the "real"
pathogen, our immune system can
respond much faster since it has already
learned to recognize the pathogen.
9. Treatment of Viruses
▶ Rest.
▶ Some antiviral medications.
▶ How to prevent:
▶Proper Hygiene, Proper Hand
washing, and Vaccines.
▶ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ
▶ https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_2822683407
&feature=iv&src_vid=kxM_9DL2GYw&v=PHp6iYDi9ko
10. Bacteria
▶ A group of single cell
organisms that can be found
everywhere, some are good
(they help us) and some are
bad (they make us sick).
▶ Very large compared to
viruses.
11. Bacteria Continued
▶ Some diseases that are
caused by bacteria are:
▶ Strep throat (streptococcus
bacteria)
▶ Staph Infection
▶ Food Poisoning
Pictures Of Strep ThroatHere are three pictures of strep throat.
Notice the red flecks indicating a bacterial infection.
12. How does bacteria reproduce?
▶ Bacteria reproduce through binary fission.
▶ Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction
where one cell undergoes cell division to form
two cells.
▶ If conditions are favorable for growth, bacteria
can grow and divide at fast rates. Many bacteria
can divide every 20 minutes (under ideal
conditions).
13. How Does it SPREAD?
▶ How does this organism infect another
organism?
▶ Contaminated food
▶ Contaminated soil
▶ Contaminated water
▶ Contact with other organisms, etc.
Suitable temperature:
80-100 °F.Moisture
Suitable food source
Darkness
Space to grow
14. Bacteria are found almost everywhere.
The best environment for growth has:
15. Good Bacteria vs Bad Bacteria
▶ Good Bacteria
You couldn’t survive without some bacteria!
Bacteria in your gut (probiotics: live bacteria that are good for your health, especially digestive
system) help you digest your food and fight invading microbes.
16. Good Bacteria vs Bad Bacteria
▶ Good Bacteria
Examples: Good bacteria is used in making some of the dairy products you like to eat (yogurt and cheese) and also some types of medicine.
E. Coli- found in our intestines of humans and aid in digestion.
17. Good Bacteria vs Bad Bacteria
▶ Bad Bacteria
Bacteria that makes us sick.
Examples: E. Coli, Salmonella.
18. What defeats/prevents bad bacteria?
▶ Vaccines and Antibiotics
▶ Many of the diseases caused by
bacteria can be prevented with
the use of vaccines.
▶ Antibiotics are compounds that kill
bacteria.
19. What defeats/prevents bad bacteria?
▶ Prevention:
▶ Proper hand washing and hygiene.
▶ Proper handling of food.
20. Fungi
▶ Fungi - any group of spore
producing organisms
“feeding” on organic
matter.
▶ Examples: yeast, mold, &
mushrooms.
21. Basic Characteristics of Fungi
▶ Living.
▶ Unicellular or Multicellular.
▶ Some are harmful & cause disease others are
helpful & help cure disease and break down
decaying material.
▶ Gets energy from feeding on organic matter.
22. Spread of Fungi
➢How does fungi infect other organisms?
➢Enters the body in multiple ways: ingestion,
inhalation, contaminated soil, etc.
➢Example: Aspergillus (a infection caused by a
common mold) spores are breathed in.
*
23. Examples of Infections of Fungi
➢Athletes Foot.
➢Ring Worm (fungal infection of the skin).
➢Skin, Hair, Nail, Eye, Lung Infections.
*
Treatment of Disease➢ Antifungal medications.
24. Prevention of Disease
➢Clean skin injuries.
➢Wear a mask and/or gloves
when working in damp and
dusty areas.
➢Proper hygiene.
*
Fungi
25. Parasites
▶ A living organism that lives
in or on another organism
(its host) and benefits by
taking nutrients from the
host (harms the host).
26. Parasites
▶ Examples:
▶Ticks
▶Ear Mites
▶Fleas
▶Tapeworm
▶Heartworm
▶Sarcoptic Mange
27. Energy
▶ Most “use” the host to obtain energy
through cellular respiration.
▶ Some protists (eukaryotic organism
that can’t be classified as an animal,
plant, or fungus) obtain energy
through photosynthesis.
28. Diseases
➢How do parasites infect other organisms?
➢Enters the body through contaminated food ➢Protozoa (single celled organisms) and
helminths(parasitic worms) (flatworms,
roundworms, etc.)
*
29. Diseases
➢Enters the body through vectors (an organism that transmits a disease or parasite from one
animal or plant to another).
➢Fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, etc.
➢ Enters the body through contaminated soil, and
water.
*
30. Examples of Diseases
➢Malaria
➢Ticks
➢Tapeworms
*
Parasites
➢ Prescription medications to kill parasite and to treat the infections.
Treatment of Disease
31. Prevention of Disease
➢Proper hand washing and hygiene, proper filtration of
water, proper handling of food, etc.
➢Preventative medications.
*
Eyelash Mite (Zoomed in on one eyelash)
*
Cat Flea (Zoomed in)
*
The End