mesopotamia. cities: sumerian city-states city-states = a city that is also a separate, independent...
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Cities:Sumerian City-States
• city-states = a city that is also a separate, independent state
• ziggurats = pyramid-temples dedicated to a chief god or goddess of a city
• Rectangular in shape; surrounded by large walls
• Rival cities battled for control of land and water
• Examples: Ur, Sumer, Erech, Kish, Babylon
Central Government: First Empires
• Sumer (3200 BCE)– King Sargon: first empire builder
• Babylon (1790 BCE)– King Hammurabi: law code
• Assyrians (1100 BCE)– King Assurbanipal: library of Ninevah
• New Babylonia (612 BCE)– King Nebuchadnezzar: Hanging Gardens of Babylon
• Persia (539 BCE)– Cyrus the Great: largest empire of Mesopotamia
Writing:Cuneiform
• cuneiform = earliest form of writing invented by the Sumerians in 3200 BCE; “wedge” writing using a stylus (reed pen)
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