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RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCE.
SHRI KALABYRAVESHWARA SWAMY AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE,
BANGALORE-560040
DEPARTMENT OF DRAVYA GUNA
A COMPILATION WORK ON
LANGALI
(GLORIOSA SUPERBA)
COMPILED BY:
MEENA H.R
GUIDED BY:
Dr.NEETHA.
Dr. SATISH.B.N
Dr.KEERTHI UNAKALL
1
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCE.
SHRI KALABYRAVESHWARA SWAMY AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE,
BANGALORE-560040
DEPARTMENT OF DRAVYA GUNA
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Ms. MEENA.H.R has satisfactorily completed
the Compilation work on LANGALI (GLORIOSA SUPERBA) as
prescribed by Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science for II Year
B.A.M.S Course in this College in the Year 2012-13
Lecture in Charge. Head of Department
Registration No:
Date of The Practical Examination:
Examination Center.
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincere acknowledgement to the holy sanctum of SHRI
KALABYRAVESHWARA SWAMY AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, The
temple of learning, for giving an opportunity to purse the degree in
bachelor of Ayurveda, medicine and surgery (B.A.M.S) and thus helping in
shaping our carrier.
The immense pleasure and joy one drives on completion of
compilation is beyond description. It’s duty of the concerned person to
pay his/her respect and acknowledgement the advice, guidance and
assistance received from all qurters for such accomplishment.
First and foremost I wish to thank the principal Dr. Kiran Gowda
for encouraging me to help in the project. I express my grateful thanks to
H.O.D of Department of Dravya Guna Dr. Neetha for her encouragement,
support and guidance to the student community in all fields of education.
A student without the teacher is like a ship without a captain
directionless. I express my great full thanks to the guuide Dr. Neetha, Dr.
Satish. B.N, Dr. Keerthi Unakall for providing necessary ambience and
inspiring me to work on this project successfully
I end with a sincere note of thanks for the intensity, drive and
assistance of all who contributed to it.
3
COMPILATION
ON
LANGALI(Gloriosa superba)
By:
MEENA H.R
4
INTRODUCTION TO AYURVEDA
Avurveda provided rational means for the treatment of many diseases, which are
considered to the obstinate and incurable in other system of medicine. Simultaneously in
lays a great deal of emphasis upon the maintenance of positive health of an individual thus
aim at both the prevention and cure of diseases.
In ayurveda chikitsa of the many diseases is mentioned and prevention of disease by
the sadvritta and swasthavritta is also mentioned.
Dravyaguna is the basic subject of ayurveda though no enumerated in astanga
ayurveda. Dravyaguna. May be called as the material medica of the ayurveda which
includes pharmacology, phormaco therapeutics and phormacognosy/ the subject was taught
in guru-sishya parampara. Totally in guru-sishya practical ine and hence it was not
discussed as separate subject in the pro-historic age.
There are lots of difference of opinion regarding identification, properties, guna, and
karma of each drug this was necessity for type of work called compilation to be done in
drugs to bring the various methods of administration, preparation to nbe done in drugs to
bring the various methods of administration, preparation and other information to a
common platform and as for the second phase a compilation work is a part of syllabus, this
is the compilation work on the langali.
5
INTRODUCTION TO DRAVYAGUNA
Characteristics of Dravyaguna Shastra :-
The first mentioning of Dravyaguna is traceable from the description of Charaka
who identified Ayurveda as the science which deals with the dravyas, gunas and karmas of
helpful and harmful materials .
Dravyaguna shastra has been identified as separate specially by Narhari the author
of Raj Nighantu. Actually Acharya PV Sharma defined Dravyaguna Shastra as the branch
which deals with the properties with the properties, action & therapeutic effects of various
dravyas.
Seven constituents of Dravya :-
Bhavamishra quoted about the five constituents of Dravyas viz Rasa, Virya, Vipaka,
Guna and prabhava adding Dravya and Karma to the above. Y T Acharya mentioned that
sapta padarthas. Dravyaguna Shastra mainly Deals mainly deals with these seven aspects
under the fundamental principles.
1. Dravya :
The Substances which possess guna and karma with inherent relation in it is known
as Dravya.
2. Rasa:
The property which is percieved through the taste –buds is known as Rassa.
Ayurveda accepted six tastes viz Madhura, Amla, Lavana, Katu, Tikta, Kashaya.
3. Guna:
It is property which will have inherent relation with the dravya but remain inactive
that means it cannot perform any activity of its own without the help of other ingredients. It
also acts as non-inherent reason for a given therapeutic effect eg. Snigdha, Sheeta, Tiksna
etc.
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4. Virya.
It is the property by which the drug produces the therapeutics control of Virya eg.
Sheeta virya and Usna virya.
5. Vipaka
It is a property of drug which is responsible for change in the original taste etc on
exposure to GIT enzymes which is responsible for the drug inside the body.
6. Prabhava.
When the drug produces a result which is not in accordance with the constituents viz
rasa, guna, virya, vipaka, then it is denoted as prabhava or shakti eg. Shirisha acting as
vishaghna, Pushakaramula acting as Hridya etc.
7. Karma.
The inseperable reasons for the association and dissociation of a drug in exhibiting it
is pharmacological action is known as karma and it is independent eg. Deepana, Paachana.
7
INTRODUCTION TO LANGALI (GLORIOSA SUPERBA)
Langali is a Perennial climber with tuberous root it is a soft and good looking
plant. With very glorious red colored flower, It is found in many parts of India,
It is also widely grown as an ornamental plant in cool temperate countries, under
Glass conservatories.
Langali obtained from wild habitat and cultivated form analytically and
pharmacologically.
Langali Is called kalihari in Sanskrit and and latin name is Golriosa superb, In
ayurveda it is known as “The Magical medicine for removal of any type of foreign
body inside body without any plain,. Anesthesia & surgical intervention.
Gloriosa Superba any plant of the genus Gloriosa of tropical aftrica and Asia, a
Perennial herb climbing by means of tendrils at leaf tips having showy, yellow to red
flowers, all parts are poisonous one species glory lily
A Plant that when touched or ingested in sufficient quantity can be harmful or
fatal to an organism.
Gloriosa is a genus of ten species in the plant family Colchicaceae, and include
the formerly recognized genus Littonia. They are native in tropical and southern
Africa to Asia, and naturalized in Australia and the Pacific as well as being widely
cultivated. The most common English names are flame lily, fire lily, gloriosa lily,
glory lily, superb lily, climbing lily, and creeping lily. They are tender, tuberous
rooted deciduous perennials, adapted to summer rainfall with a dormant dry season.
All parts of the plant contain colchicine and related alkaloids and are therefore
dangerously toxic if ingested, and contact with the stems and leaves can cause skin
irritation. Various preparations of the plant are used in traditional medicines for a
variety of complaints in both Africa and India.
Gloriosa superba is the national flower of Zimbabwe. A Diamond brooch in the
shape of the flame lily was a gift from Zimbabwe to Queen Elizebeth II on a visit in
1947 while she was still the crown princess.
It is also state flower of Tamil Nadu state in India, and is the national flower of
Tamil Nadu, and as such was displayed during Maaveerar day.
8
LATIN NAME AND FAMILY
LATIN NAME: Gloriosa Superba
FAMILY: Liliaceae
KULA: Rosanakula.
9
MYTHOLOGICAL ORIGIN OF LANGALI:
Langali is called kalihari in Sanskrit and latin name is gloriosa superba. In
ayurveda it is known as the magical medicine for removel of any type of foreign body
inside body without any pain, anesthesia and surgical intervention.
The arrow was found situated deep routed so Hanumanji brought ‘vaidya
sushen (famous ayurveda physician of that period) then vaidyaji applied paste made of root
of kalihari and removed the arrow. Sanghini was used for wound healing, sanjeevani for
regaining consciousness and sarvakarini for removing scare.
This mythological story remained unrecognized and unacceptable by so
called people of modern civilization who following the theory of lord macolay and lives the
life of European culture even living in Indian environment, forgetting their well advanced
ancient Indian culture. However the real predecessors of lord macolay i;e eropean lead
NASA has recognized the presence of that bridge (adam’s bridge/raam sethu) in ocean
linking Indian origin million years back.
10
Vernacular namesBengali – bishalanguli, bisha
English – malbar glory lily, tigers claws, wolfs bane, climbing lily, flame lily, glory lily
Gujarathi – varhvardi
Hindi – Languli, kulhari
Kannada - Agnisikhe, Akkatangi balli, balipapu, gowrigadde, shivaraktiballi,
sivasaktiballi, totil,
Malayalam – mendoni, kantal
Marati – nagkuria, indai
Oriya – panjangulia, ognisikha
Punjab – kariari
Santhal – siric samano
Telugu – Angi – skikha, pottidumpa
Tamil – kalayi. Anaravam
Tibetian – la nga la
Urdu – kalhar, kanol
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HISTORY OF THE DRUG
VEDIC PERIOD:
The drug langali is not be found in any vedic period books.
POURANIKA PERIOD:
The drug langali is not to be found in any pouranika period books.
SAMHITA PERIOD: CHARAKA SAMHITHA [122 B.C]
The charaka samhita is the text, which belong the Atreya sampradaya describes
more than 500 drugs. The drugs are divided mainly in 50 ganas. The mangali is the drug
mentioned under the bhedaneeya gana.
SUSHRUTA SAMHTA [100 B.C]
In sushruta samhita also the reference regarding this drug is given inmany contexts.
He mentioned the guna and karma of the drug. He mentioned intreatment of normal
delivery etc.
ASTANGA HRIDAYA:
Acharya vagbhata mentions it under sutra sthana, sareera sthana, chikitsa sthana and
uttara sthana. He was also mentioned the properties andation of the drug.
SHARANGADHARA SAMHITA [14 th CENT A.D]
Acharya sharangadhara mentions about this drug. Under the properties of langali
taila.
BHASHAJYA RATNAVALI [18 th CENT A.D]
The drug mentioned under the preparation of kasisadi taila and langalyadi loha.
NIGHANTU PERIOD.
DHANAVANTARI NIGHANTU:
The drug its synonyms, properties and actions are mentioned in thisbook.
HRIDAYA DEEPIKA NIGHUNTU:
The synonyms and action are mentioned.
SHALIGRAMA NIGHANTU:
The synonyms of the drug, properties and action are mentioned in this book.
12
Synonyms :- Agnisika –
Agnijvala –
Agnimakhi –
Agnijihva –
Agnika –
Bhara –
Deepta –
Garbhapatni –
Garbhanut –
Halini –
Haripriya –
Hali –
Hindupushpika –
Kari hari –
Kali hari –
Kalikarika –
Langalika –
Langali –
Nalarandhri –
Prabhata –
Puspasi –
Sukra pushpika –
Siri –
Ulka –
Vishalya –
Vanimukhi –
Vidyut –
13
14
15
GANAS OR VARGA
Sl
no
Gana or varga B.P.N CS RN PN MN DN KN Rasavagbhata
And
Bhavamishra
1. Abhayadi varga - - - - + - - -
2. Guduchyadi
varga+ - - - - - - -
3. Shatahvadi
varga- - + - - - - -
4. Shatapushpadi
varga- - - + - - - -
5. Aushadi varga - - - - - - + -
6. Lashunadi varga - - - - - + - -
7. Shakavarga &
bhedaneeya
gana
- + - - - - - -
8. Upavisha - - - - - - - +
16
SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom – Plantae
Devision – Spermatophyte
Sub devision - angiosperms
Class – Equisetopsida
Subclass – Mangolidae
Order – Liliales
Sub order – Monocots
Family – Colchicaceae
Genus – Gloriosa
Species – Superba
Binomial name – Gloriosa superba
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GENERAL CHARACTERS OF LILIACEAE
The Liliaceae, or the lily family, are a family of monocotyledons in the order
Liliales. Plants in this family have linear leaves, mostly with parallel veins but with
several having net venation (e.g., Cardiocrinum, Clintonia, Medeola, Prosartes,
Scoliopus, Tricyrtis), and flower arranged in threes. Several have bulbs, while others
have rhizomes. Shade-dwelling genera usually have broad, net-veined leaves, fleshy
fruits with animal-dispersed seeds, rhizomes, and small, inconspicuous flowers;
genera native to sunny habitats usually have narrow, parallel-veined leaves, capsular
fruits with wind-dispersed seeds, bulbs, and large, visually conspicuous flowers.
Many plants in the Liliaceae are important ornamental plants, widely grown for
their attractive flowers. Many species are poisonous if eaten and may cause serious
complications, such as renal failure in household pets, especially cats.
The lily family was formerly a paraphyletic "catch-all" group of petaloid
monocots that did not fit into other families. It included a great number of genera now
included in other families and in some cases in other orders, including Agavaceae,
Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae, Hyacinthaceae,
Melanthiaceae, Nartheciaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae, Tecophilaeaceae,
Themidaceae, Tofieldiaceae, and Uvulariaceae, and members of the monocot orders
Asparagales, Dioscoreales, and Alismatales. Smilacaceae appears to be the family
most closely related to Liliaceae in its modern restricted sense.
The genus Calochortus, which includes the sego and mariposa lilies, and its allied
genera are separated into a separate family Calochortaceae in some schemes, while
others maintain them as a subfamily of Liliaceae, the Calochortoideae.
18
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
A beautiful glabrous herbaceous climber or with underground white. Tuberous
rhizome.
Erect. Perennial tuberous climbing herb.
Leaves:- Alternate, sessile ovate – lance late with acuminate tips prolonged intwo tendril
like spiral 3-8 inchas long.
Flowrs:- Showy, axillary, solitary or subcorymbose towards the ends of branches at first
erect & greenish, afterwards becoming reflects and truning to ylleow or orange and finally
scarlet.
Fruits:- Fusifor or linear oblong capsules and just like peanut.
Seeds:- Subglobose, grey, many and or red in colour
Stamens:- 6 spreading Hypogynous.
Anathers:- Extros, modified versatile opening by longitudinally. Slits
Petals:- are wavy ,
Ovary:- Superior 3 celled
Ovules:- Numerous
Pedicles:- 7.5-15 cms long, the tips deflexed periapt segments eaching 6.3 cms 18-30 mm
Filaments :- 3.8- - 4.8 Cms long spreading anthars nearly 13mm long.
Style :- Reaching 5Cms long arms about 6mm long deflected at based projecting from the
flower more or less horizontal .
Capsule:- 4.5 by 2cms linear ablong
Stem:- Is thin.
19
MiCROSCOPIC AND MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE:
Tuberous root:
It is thick, almost cylindrical or slightly laterally flattened, occurringin pieces
of 15.30cm long. 2.5-3 8cm thick, often bifurcated with taperingends, brownish externally
and yellowish often bifurcated with taperingends, brownish externally and yellowish
internally. MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE tuberous root shows single layered epidermis
externally cuticularised, consisting of rectangular cells followed by ground parenchyma
withscattered small vascular bundles, parenchyma cells large, thin walled,
havingintercellular space, its outer layar filled with starch grains, measuring 8.33 uin dea.
Vascular bundless collateral, numerous, scattered throughout groundtissue, consisting of
xylem and phoem. Xyem composed of vassels, tracheoids and parenchyma, the
xylemparenchyma cells usually rectangular. Plloem consisting of sieve tubes, companion
cells. The phloem parenchyma cells, very small and thin walled.
20
HABITAT
Through out topical india form the North Weth to assam , Exteanding to
Burma. Mulacca and srilanka , Common in dehara dum and east words along the
sub himalayam tracts and bundelkhand and N.Oudh also in bundelkhand and
Marwara.
In Australia, "scattered naturalized populations exist in the understorey of
coastal dry sclerophyll forest and sand dune vegetation throughout south-east
Queensland and New South Wales". It is considered a rampant and dangerous
invasive weed in Australia, dominating the coastal dunes at the expense of native
species and leading to deaths of native animals and birds when ingested.
In India, Glorious is distributed in the Western Ghats but the density is
rapidly decreasing due to excessive uprooting by the Herbal Medicine producers.
21
VARIETY
Depding upon of the size and shape of the route, there are two typs,
Male plant and female Plant.
MALE PLANT:- Root is long, Round and dividied into two parts and mostly used for
medicinal purpose,
FEMALE PLANT:- Root is Round, long 1 in Number.
There are two verities of this plant. The Route of one Plant. Divides dischotomously that of
the other does not divide at all, but appears has a single piece shouting into ground the
former is supposed by the natives to the be the male plant and the later the female.
Gloriosa aurea
Gloriosa baudii
Gloriosa flavovirens
Gloriosa lindenii
Gloriosa littonioides
Gloriosa modesta
Gloriosa revoilii
Gloriosa rigidifolia
Gloriosa sessiliflora
Gloriosa superba
22
CONTROVERSIAL STATUS
In C.S.Su271106 dangalaki is mentioned as a vegitalbe (Sake) but is not clear
whether gherious leaves are used or costus rhizomes used. It is possible that the
terms “Lengala” andDangalahy (S.SCi 9155) are indicative of costes. It is abserved
that costus speciou in often used substitute for geriosa sperba in the market.
Inspite of this controverry we the come across the description of longal in brhat
trayi works,. It is included under upa visial key bhavanisra and rara vagbhata.
Langali is considered as a uapvisha by many texts, but according to Dr. Bapalal
Vaidya in his text some controversial drugs in Indian Medicine. He mentioned it as
non poisonous. Bhavamishra has drawn the attention the word upavisha shoud
beconstructed as the attention the word upavisha should beconstructed as
gounavisha, in Astanga Hridaya has used it as rasyana, Many have translated this
workdd Langali menaing “Mucuna Pruriens” Langali is the synonyms of
KapiKachchu, In Gujarajath it si know as vadhawordi menaing is quarrels in
sanskritti know as kalikarika meaning the promoter of quarrel. But in Charaka,
Sushruta and vagbhata there is mention of work kalikarika or kalihari But in Amara
Kosha There is the synonym for Jalapippaili
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PROPERTIES
Properties DN MN RN KN BPN PN AN DG
HASTA
MALA
Rasa katu
tikta
- katu katu
tikta
kshara
katu katu
tikta
katu
tikta
lavana
katu tikta
kashaya
GUNA - tiksna
laghu
sara
sara Sara
tiksna
laghu
- Sara
tiksna
- Laghu
tiksna
guru
Veerya Ushna Ushna Ushna Ushna Ushna Ushna Ushna Ushna
Vipaka - - - - - - Katu -
Doshaghnatha Kapha
vatahara
Pittava
rdaka
Kapha
vatahara
Pittavard
aka
- Pittava
rdaka
Kapha
vatahara
-
24
SEASON OF AVAILABILITY:
Flowering and fruit – June to October.
25
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION.
Plant contain:
Alkaloid gloriosine, aromatic oil benzoid, acid, salicylic acid, colin sugar, fatty acid
and resinous substance.
Tuber contain:
Tannin, supperbine, resin, gloriogine, starch
Tuber and seed:
Colchicines, isoperlolyrieand related tropolane alkaloids.
Aerial stem:
Colchicines, alkaloid.
Young leaves:
Chelidonic acid
Flower:
Glucosides.
26
ACTIONS
Actions AN DN MN RN KN BPN PN AHRecaka - - - - - + - -Pittavirecaka - - - - - + - -Dipana - - - - - + - -Balya - - - - - + - -Vamaka - - - - - + - -Garbhapatana
+ + + - - + + -
Kushaghna + - - - + - - -Sothaghna - + - - + - - -Arsoghna + - - - + - - -Vranaropana + - - - + - - -Sulaghna - - + - - - - -Kaphagna - - - - + - - -Krimighna - - + - + + + -Vrana + + + - + - - -Shoola hara + - - - - - + -Shalyaharana + - - + - - - -Vastishula - - - - + - - -Rasayana - - - - - - - +
27
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Sposmolytic, CNS Depressant. Anlibiolic oxytocic, uterine slimillant
numaticial.
Colchicine (2,4 & 5mg) when infused into added goats decreased milk
production in some animal mammary gland udod flow was increared from 8
to 24 hrs after infusion which returned to named after 4 days of infusion.
The water souble ration of the alcoholic extact & Rhizone of this relant
passesurs strong oxyotic effect on isolated uterus of guine pigs, rabbits.
Dogs and human beings in all the cases action was found to be direct on
the muscle in higher doeses it. Intiated labour in pregnant rabbits it has
further shown spasmodic activitiy of vergines degree in isoloated dogs.
Tra cheal chain some depressant action on isolated frogs heat and has also
shown mild miptrotoxic activitiy.
28
USEFUL PARTS
Tuburous root / corm.
According to RN Seeds, Mula.
29
SROTOGAMITVA
Dosha – kaphaghna, pittaghna and vataghna
Dhatu – rakta shodhana (Dermatoses, piles)
Mala - purisha bhedaka (anthelmintic)
Organs – Uterus (abortificient – local application on umbelicus, pelvis or
palms and soles.
Prabhava – garbhapatana
30
USES The tuberous root is a specific for snake poison effective against
gonorrhoea.
Root made into paste and applied to the navel supra – pubic region and
vagina promotes labour pains.
Root paste applied to the soles of the feet accelerates delivery.
Powder of dried roots mind with honey is applied in eye disease.
This plant has two tuberous roots, one protruding upwards and another
protruding downwards. The two tubers have entirely different
physiological action in the human system.
The tuber protruding upwards causes retardation of delivery in women and
the one protruding downwards accelerates the delivery.
Another important property these tubers is the effect each has on the
digestive system.
It acts as abortefacient and antipyretic properties.
External uses:- Locally abortefacient and vitiates blood its paste is applied on
wounds, inflammations lynphadenopathy, piles, scorpion stinge its application on palms
and soles, umbilicus and lumber region eases the process of delivery and expulsion of
plasanta tuber kept in vagina acts as abortefacient.
Internal uses:- In low dose it is useful any loss of appetite, pitta disorders, worms,
dermatoses, typhoid and general debelity.
The root of langali is used in the form of powder to treat arthritis (Vatha Rakta),
Piles, Boils, for extraction of foreign body, for easy delivery, baldness, scrofula and ear
diseases. It destroys boils caused insects. It destroys scrofula.
31
Posology
Churna :- 250 to 500mg
For garbhapatana 3 to 6gm
Fatal period :- 2hours to 24 hours.
Fatal dose :- powder of fruit 3 to 5 grams
32
VISHISTA YOGA Langalyadi vati
Langali rasayana
Kasisadi taila
Nasika churna
Kalakuta rasa
Brihanmarichadya taila
Vishyandana taila
Karavirada taila
Somaraji taila
Kachchhurakeshasa taila
33
SHUDHASHUDHI VIVEKA
Unpurified tuber protrotruding downwards if taken internally causes
intensive purging and no medicines are capable of stopping the perging.
as a result the person is likely to pass away
However if immediately the tuber protruding upwards is given internally,
the purging stops at once and the person completely recovers.
34
COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION
The male root is gathered during the flowering season, cut up in thin slices
and soaked in butter milk to which a little salt is added in this composition it is
soaked by night and and dried by day for four or five days. It is eventually dried
well and preserved by this process its poisonous properties are said to be
removed.
35
AMAYIKA PRAYOGA
1) Fro Extraction of Foreign body: by application of the parte of longali tuber on
wounds opening. The Foreign body comes out immediately even if hidden since
long.
2) For Easy delivery: By Application of the roots of patha langali etc.. on navel, pelvis
& vula the woman delivers easily
3) Vatarakta:- Langali is the main clause in langalyadi vatika
4) Piles:- Parte of Langali mixed with sirisa seeds should be applied on the
hemorrhoids.
5) Boils:- Root seeds of langali are pounded with sowr gruel and the parte is applied
locally it destoryes boils caused by insects.
6) Baldness :- After vensection the part should be scarified deeply and pasted with
langili root or karavira juice
7) Scrofula :- Oil cooled with 1/4th paste of langali tuber and four times nirgundi juice
should be taken as a snuff etc it destroys scrofula
8) Ear disease :-
a) Oil cooked with tulasi and langali should be used as a snuff
b) Juice of langali root mixed with trikati powder should be filled in the ear it
destroys organisms
9) Cobra bite :- Shodhita langali rizomes are given in the internally as an antidote to
cobra bite. It is said to be an effectual antidote in cobra poisons.
10) Scorpion and centipeda stinge :- In case of Scorpion and centipeda stinge relief
obtained from the pain by applying a paste of the root rubbed up with cold water
and warming the part affected over the fire this paste is applied also for parastic
affections of the skin.
11) Lice infestation:- The juice of the ground leaves used to destroy lice in the hair.
36
SUBSTITUTION AND ADULTERATION
1) Rhizomes of costus speciosus known kebuka in ayurveda, are some times sold in the
market under the name long all.
2) The tuber of gloriosa are used as adulterant to aconite.
They are reported to be a good substitute to meadow saffron (colchicum
autumnale) which is used in medicine and as narcotic.
37
RESEARCHES
1) Colchine increased basal relase of growth harmone from isolated pitutory gland
incubated into vitro but had little effect on based release of LH, FSH, or TSH, it
enhanced release of its and FSH or LH releasing factor and FSM – releaving factor
respectively.
2) In primary issue culture of nalignant human glioma, wichine (1-10 llg/me) induced
mild and non specific riverside reduction in cell motility and did not change
adhesion.
3) Colchine (2,3 and 5 mg) when infused into fodder of goats decreased mill
production, in same animals mummers gland had flow was increased from 8 th to 24th
hour. If infection c returned to normal of 4days of infution clinical studies.
4) In geenia pig the tuber are used in cataplasms for neuralgia.
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PROPOGATION AND CULTIVATION
Gloriosa can be grown on almost all types of soil, but thrives best on sandy
loams seeds or tubers are sown in the last week of june till mid july, the tubers are planted
by splitting into two from their V shaped joints or placed as such at the distance of 20x20cm
and 5-6cm deep. 1000 to 1200 kg of tubers are required for planting per hectare.
The plant flower during july-August and the capsules containing ripe seeds
can be harvested at end of semptember. Usually the creeper takes about 2-3 months to
mature. The tubers are collected in November / December. The average yield is about 40 to
50 quintals of tubers and 10 quintals of seeds 1 hectare.
If the plant is propagated by seeds. They are sown in lines at the distance of
4 to 6cm. they germinate with in 15 to 20 days. Tubers formed they seed germination are
very small in size and they about 3 to 4 years to grow to full size.
In another trial, youngs sprouts of gloriosa superba were cultured in MS basal
medium with kinelian ( 1-4mg) direct regeneration of shoots from explants was obtained.
39
TOXICOLOGY
A pale yellow to greenish yellow alkaloid colchicine is mainly responsible for the
toxic effect. The toxins in Gloriosa superba have an inhibitory action on cellular division
resulting in diarrhoea, depresent action on the bone marrow and alopecia. After ingestion
of tubers, initial symptoms develop within two to six hours. Intense vomiting, numbness
and tingling around the mouth, burning and rawness of the throat, nausea, abdominal pain
and bloody diarrhoea leading to dehydration etc. are some of the primary symptoms
developed initially in the victim. The other important complications include respiratory
depression, shock, hypotension, marked leucopenia, thromobocytopenia, coagulation
disorders, oliguria, haematuria, confusion, seizures, coma and ascending polyneuropathy.
Alopecia and dermatitis are the late manifestations that developed about on to two weeks
after poisoning.
The alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the plant were found to be toxic at a close of
25mg /kg and 100mg /kg respectively. After ingestion of tubers gastro enteritis, acute
renal failure, cardio toxicity and haemotological abnormalities were the main toxic
manifestalions.
All the parts of plant, especially the tubers, are extremely poisonous. The tubers
may be mistakenly eaten in place of sweet potatoes since the tubers resemble those of
sweet potatoes. The juic of the leaves is used as an ingrediant in arrow poisons.
Impure tubers of langally or its excess dose cause abortion and topically causes
inflammation, oedama and bleeding at the site.
In excess doses internally it causes burning sensation in the stomach acute
gastrities, vomiting and diarrhoea.
All the parts of gloriosa contain colchine the roots and seeds are especially rich. The
lethal dose of colchicine is about 6 mg/mg. and Gloriosa superba has been used as a
means of commiting suicide.
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TRADE AND COMMERCE
Gloriosa superba is believed as most important herb that is exported, and
collection of sedds and roots for the foreign market is causing a shortage of raw material
for local drug industries in india. If endangered plants like Gloriosa superba are allowed to
become damage through excessive collection, a whole series of traditional medicines and
plants which have been in use for thousands of years will be threatened. It is therefore
need of the hour come forward and rescue this important glorious herb of patalkot. Active
participation from everyone is highly needed specially people from chhindwara district.
41
TREATMENT
If the patient is male and as taken tuber power internally stomach wash is helpful
with 1-2% of red potash. If the has vomiting symptotic treatment like madhiphala rasayana,
dadimashaka churna is given.
If he has diarrhea give kutajaarishta, kutajavati, dopromile, etc. is given. And
stomach pain is treated with shankavati, mahashankavati, chandana asava, usheera asava, is
given.
Complete bed rest is advised and Iv imbalance is regulated. By giving Iv
glucose, dextrose or normal saline oxygen is provided if needed.
If the patient is female and tubers powder was taken internally for abortion
then there will be yonigatha, raktasrava, measures must be taken for sukaparasava and
placental delivery must be done safely.
Garbhashaya raktasrava must be controlled. Shonithastapana dravyas like
Ashoka Nagakeshava, Dataki, lejjalu, can be given. Then the conditions of the patient is
assessed and Iv with normal saline is necessary to control any infection.
42
ANTIDOTE
The substances alleviating pitta dosha like milk, ghee, butter are recommended in
diet.
43
FOLKLORE AND TRADITIONAL USES
It is also a popular plant for providing colour in green houses and
conservatories.
The juice of the leaves is used as an ingredient in arrow poisons.
The flower are uses in religious ceremonies.
It is used as an abortificient in ancient times.
Tribals of patalkot apply the powder of rhizome with coconut oil in skin eruptions
and related diseases for five days. This combination is said to be effective in snake and
scorpion bites too. Tribals crush roots of the plant in water and apply on head for curing
baldness. To avoid painful delivery, Ghonds and Bharias of patalkot, apply rhizome extract
over the navel and vagina. It induces labour pain and performs normal delivery. Bhumkas
(local healers) generally prescribe 250 to 500mg of the rhizome as dosage. According to
Bhumkas of Patalkot , this dose may lead to abortion if given to a lady with pregnancy of 1
or 2 months. Since the rhizome is having abortive action, this is prescribed for normal
delivery. Duke(1985) has also reported the abortificient action of the plant rhizome. In
Gaildubba, juice of the leaves is given to to kill the lice.
In traditional medicine system, tuber is used for the treatment of bruises and
sprains, colic, chronic, ulcers, hemorrhoids, cancer, impotence, noctunal seminal emissions
and leprocy. Many cultures believe the species to have various magical properties. The
plump roots of the plant have been used in the treatment of parasitic skin infections,
leprosy, and internal worms.
44
SHODHANA
1) According to Ayurveda prakasha
The Small pieces of langali Mula are soaked in gomutra for 24 hours washed and
dried in shade and can be used for preparations.
45
USES IN OTHER SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
The tuber is pungent, bitter, acrid, heating, anthelmintic laxative, alexiteric,
abortifacient, useful in chronic ulcers, leprocy, inflammation, piles, abdominal pain,
itching, thirst, used to remove the placanta from the uterus causes biliousness
(Ayurveda)
The root is useful in bowel complaints, the flower for fever and thirst. The
tuber is astringent, expectorant, used in bleeding piles and thirst, skin problems,
intestinal worms, infertility (Unani)
In bombay it is supposed to be an anthermintic and accordingly frequently
administered to cattle affected by worms.
In madras it is believed to be specific against the bites of poisonous snakes
and the stinges of scorpions and it also used as an external application in parasitical
affections of the skin. (Sidda system)
46
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
If a person consumes toxic tuberous root the following signs and symptoms are as
follows.
1. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, spasmodic pain in the abdomen.
2. Perfuse sweating.
3. Convulsions, spasm and collapse.
4. Oral intake of large quantities of tuber powder causes burning sensation in
epigastria region excessive salivation, restlessness, hyper hiridosis colic pain
leading to diarrhoea
5. Due to the irritation of the intestine there will be purging.
6. If not treated electrolyte imbalance can lead to severe dehydration and can
prove fatal.
47
MEDICOLEGAL ASPECT
1. Mostly accidental while applied fro augmentation of labour or expulsion of
placenta.
2. Suicidal or homicidal use is rare.
48
POST MORTEM SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Severe GI irritations
If the body is female there will be signs of perveginal bleeding uterus will be
contracted and there will be congestion of the endometrial.
If it as gloriosa superb is used as yonipicchu one can see the signs of inflammation
of cervix vegina and one can detect the presence of colchicine in the utrus when
subjected to chemical analysis in the forensic science laboratory conforming the
female had abortion due to gloriosa superb and died due to its excess dose.
49
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