RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCE.

SHRI KALABYRAVESHWARA SWAMY AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE,

BANGALORE-560040

DEPARTMENT OF DRAVYA GUNA

A COMPILATION WORK ON

LANGALI

(GLORIOSA SUPERBA)

COMPILED BY:

MEENA H.R

GUIDED BY:

Dr.NEETHA.

Dr. SATISH.B.N

Dr.KEERTHI UNAKALL

1

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCE.

SHRI KALABYRAVESHWARA SWAMY AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE,

BANGALORE-560040

DEPARTMENT OF DRAVYA GUNA

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. MEENA.H.R has satisfactorily completed

the Compilation work on LANGALI (GLORIOSA SUPERBA) as

prescribed by Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science for II Year

B.A.M.S Course in this College in the Year 2012-13

Lecture in Charge. Head of Department

Registration No:

Date of The Practical Examination:

Examination Center.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincere acknowledgement to the holy sanctum of SHRI

KALABYRAVESHWARA SWAMY AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, The

temple of learning, for giving an opportunity to purse the degree in

bachelor of Ayurveda, medicine and surgery (B.A.M.S) and thus helping in

shaping our carrier.

The immense pleasure and joy one drives on completion of

compilation is beyond description. It’s duty of the concerned person to

pay his/her respect and acknowledgement the advice, guidance and

assistance received from all qurters for such accomplishment.

First and foremost I wish to thank the principal Dr. Kiran Gowda

for encouraging me to help in the project. I express my grateful thanks to

H.O.D of Department of Dravya Guna Dr. Neetha for her encouragement,

support and guidance to the student community in all fields of education.

A student without the teacher is like a ship without a captain

directionless. I express my great full thanks to the guuide Dr. Neetha, Dr.

Satish. B.N, Dr. Keerthi Unakall for providing necessary ambience and

inspiring me to work on this project successfully

I end with a sincere note of thanks for the intensity, drive and

assistance of all who contributed to it.

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COMPILATION

ON

LANGALI(Gloriosa superba)

By:

MEENA H.R

4

INTRODUCTION TO AYURVEDA

Avurveda provided rational means for the treatment of many diseases, which are

considered to the obstinate and incurable in other system of medicine. Simultaneously in

lays a great deal of emphasis upon the maintenance of positive health of an individual thus

aim at both the prevention and cure of diseases.

In ayurveda chikitsa of the many diseases is mentioned and prevention of disease by

the sadvritta and swasthavritta is also mentioned.

Dravyaguna is the basic subject of ayurveda though no enumerated in astanga

ayurveda. Dravyaguna. May be called as the material medica of the ayurveda which

includes pharmacology, phormaco therapeutics and phormacognosy/ the subject was taught

in guru-sishya parampara. Totally in guru-sishya practical ine and hence it was not

discussed as separate subject in the pro-historic age.

There are lots of difference of opinion regarding identification, properties, guna, and

karma of each drug this was necessity for type of work called compilation to be done in

drugs to bring the various methods of administration, preparation to nbe done in drugs to

bring the various methods of administration, preparation and other information to a

common platform and as for the second phase a compilation work is a part of syllabus, this

is the compilation work on the langali.

5

INTRODUCTION TO DRAVYAGUNA

Characteristics of Dravyaguna Shastra :-

The first mentioning of Dravyaguna is traceable from the description of Charaka

who identified Ayurveda as the science which deals with the dravyas, gunas and karmas of

helpful and harmful materials .

Dravyaguna shastra has been identified as separate specially by Narhari the author

of Raj Nighantu. Actually Acharya PV Sharma defined Dravyaguna Shastra as the branch

which deals with the properties with the properties, action & therapeutic effects of various

dravyas.

Seven constituents of Dravya :-

Bhavamishra quoted about the five constituents of Dravyas viz Rasa, Virya, Vipaka,

Guna and prabhava adding Dravya and Karma to the above. Y T Acharya mentioned that

sapta padarthas. Dravyaguna Shastra mainly Deals mainly deals with these seven aspects

under the fundamental principles.

1. Dravya :

The Substances which possess guna and karma with inherent relation in it is known

as Dravya.

2. Rasa:

The property which is percieved through the taste –buds is known as Rassa.

Ayurveda accepted six tastes viz Madhura, Amla, Lavana, Katu, Tikta, Kashaya.

3. Guna:

It is property which will have inherent relation with the dravya but remain inactive

that means it cannot perform any activity of its own without the help of other ingredients. It

also acts as non-inherent reason for a given therapeutic effect eg. Snigdha, Sheeta, Tiksna

etc.

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4. Virya.

It is the property by which the drug produces the therapeutics control of Virya eg.

Sheeta virya and Usna virya.

5. Vipaka

It is a property of drug which is responsible for change in the original taste etc on

exposure to GIT enzymes which is responsible for the drug inside the body.

6. Prabhava.

When the drug produces a result which is not in accordance with the constituents viz

rasa, guna, virya, vipaka, then it is denoted as prabhava or shakti eg. Shirisha acting as

vishaghna, Pushakaramula acting as Hridya etc.

7. Karma.

The inseperable reasons for the association and dissociation of a drug in exhibiting it

is pharmacological action is known as karma and it is independent eg. Deepana, Paachana.

7

INTRODUCTION TO LANGALI (GLORIOSA SUPERBA)

Langali is a Perennial climber with tuberous root it is a soft and good looking

plant. With very glorious red colored flower, It is found in many parts of India,

It is also widely grown as an ornamental plant in cool temperate countries, under

Glass conservatories.

Langali obtained from wild habitat and cultivated form analytically and

pharmacologically.

Langali Is called kalihari in Sanskrit and and latin name is Golriosa superb, In

ayurveda it is known as “The Magical medicine for removal of any type of foreign

body inside body without any plain,. Anesthesia & surgical intervention.

Gloriosa Superba any plant of the genus Gloriosa of tropical aftrica and Asia, a

Perennial herb climbing by means of tendrils at leaf tips having showy, yellow to red

flowers, all parts are poisonous one species glory lily

A Plant that when touched or ingested in sufficient quantity can be harmful or

fatal to an organism.

Gloriosa is a genus of ten species in the plant family Colchicaceae, and include

the formerly recognized genus Littonia. They are native in tropical and southern

Africa to Asia, and naturalized in Australia and the Pacific as well as being widely

cultivated. The most common English names are flame lily, fire lily, gloriosa lily,

glory lily, superb lily, climbing lily, and creeping lily. They are tender, tuberous

rooted deciduous perennials, adapted to summer rainfall with a dormant dry season.

All parts of the plant contain colchicine and related alkaloids and are therefore

dangerously toxic if ingested, and contact with the stems and leaves can cause skin

irritation. Various preparations of the plant are used in traditional medicines for a

variety of complaints in both Africa and India.

Gloriosa superba is the national flower of Zimbabwe. A Diamond brooch in the

shape of the flame lily was a gift from Zimbabwe to Queen Elizebeth II on a visit in

1947 while she was still the crown princess.

It is also state flower of Tamil Nadu state in India, and is the national flower of

Tamil Nadu, and as such was displayed during Maaveerar day.

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LATIN NAME AND FAMILY

LATIN NAME: Gloriosa Superba

FAMILY: Liliaceae

KULA: Rosanakula.

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MYTHOLOGICAL ORIGIN OF LANGALI:

Langali is called kalihari in Sanskrit and latin name is gloriosa superba. In

ayurveda it is known as the magical medicine for removel of any type of foreign body

inside body without any pain, anesthesia and surgical intervention.

The arrow was found situated deep routed so Hanumanji brought ‘vaidya

sushen (famous ayurveda physician of that period) then vaidyaji applied paste made of root

of kalihari and removed the arrow. Sanghini was used for wound healing, sanjeevani for

regaining consciousness and sarvakarini for removing scare.

This mythological story remained unrecognized and unacceptable by so

called people of modern civilization who following the theory of lord macolay and lives the

life of European culture even living in Indian environment, forgetting their well advanced

ancient Indian culture. However the real predecessors of lord macolay i;e eropean lead

NASA has recognized the presence of that bridge (adam’s bridge/raam sethu) in ocean

linking Indian origin million years back.

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Vernacular namesBengali – bishalanguli, bisha

English – malbar glory lily, tigers claws, wolfs bane, climbing lily, flame lily, glory lily

Gujarathi – varhvardi

Hindi – Languli, kulhari

Kannada - Agnisikhe, Akkatangi balli, balipapu, gowrigadde, shivaraktiballi,

sivasaktiballi, totil,

Malayalam – mendoni, kantal

Marati – nagkuria, indai

Oriya – panjangulia, ognisikha

Punjab – kariari

Santhal – siric samano

Telugu – Angi – skikha, pottidumpa

Tamil – kalayi. Anaravam

Tibetian – la nga la

Urdu – kalhar, kanol

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HISTORY OF THE DRUG

VEDIC PERIOD:

The drug langali is not be found in any vedic period books.

POURANIKA PERIOD:

The drug langali is not to be found in any pouranika period books.

SAMHITA PERIOD: CHARAKA SAMHITHA [122 B.C]

The charaka samhita is the text, which belong the Atreya sampradaya describes

more than 500 drugs. The drugs are divided mainly in 50 ganas. The mangali is the drug

mentioned under the bhedaneeya gana.

SUSHRUTA SAMHTA [100 B.C]

In sushruta samhita also the reference regarding this drug is given inmany contexts.

He mentioned the guna and karma of the drug. He mentioned intreatment of normal

delivery etc.

ASTANGA HRIDAYA:

Acharya vagbhata mentions it under sutra sthana, sareera sthana, chikitsa sthana and

uttara sthana. He was also mentioned the properties andation of the drug.

SHARANGADHARA SAMHITA [14 th CENT A.D]

Acharya sharangadhara mentions about this drug. Under the properties of langali

taila.

BHASHAJYA RATNAVALI [18 th CENT A.D]

The drug mentioned under the preparation of kasisadi taila and langalyadi loha.

NIGHANTU PERIOD.

DHANAVANTARI NIGHANTU:

The drug its synonyms, properties and actions are mentioned in thisbook.

HRIDAYA DEEPIKA NIGHUNTU:

The synonyms and action are mentioned.

SHALIGRAMA NIGHANTU:

The synonyms of the drug, properties and action are mentioned in this book.

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Synonyms :- Agnisika –

Agnijvala –

Agnimakhi –

Agnijihva –

Agnika –

Bhara –

Deepta –

Garbhapatni –

Garbhanut –

Halini –

Haripriya –

Hali –

Hindupushpika –

Kari hari –

Kali hari –

Kalikarika –

Langalika –

Langali –

Nalarandhri –

Prabhata –

Puspasi –

Sukra pushpika –

Siri –

Ulka –

Vishalya –

Vanimukhi –

Vidyut –

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14

15

GANAS OR VARGA

Sl

no

Gana or varga B.P.N CS RN PN MN DN KN Rasavagbhata

And

Bhavamishra

1. Abhayadi varga - - - - + - - -

2. Guduchyadi

varga+ - - - - - - -

3. Shatahvadi

varga- - + - - - - -

4. Shatapushpadi

varga- - - + - - - -

5. Aushadi varga - - - - - - + -

6. Lashunadi varga - - - - - + - -

7. Shakavarga &

bhedaneeya

gana

- + - - - - - -

8. Upavisha - - - - - - - +

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SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION

Kingdom – Plantae

Devision – Spermatophyte

Sub devision - angiosperms

Class – Equisetopsida

Subclass – Mangolidae

Order – Liliales

Sub order – Monocots

Family – Colchicaceae

Genus – Gloriosa

Species – Superba

Binomial name – Gloriosa superba

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GENERAL CHARACTERS OF LILIACEAE

The Liliaceae, or the lily family, are a family of monocotyledons in the order

Liliales. Plants in this family have linear leaves, mostly with parallel veins but with

several having net venation (e.g., Cardiocrinum, Clintonia, Medeola, Prosartes,

Scoliopus, Tricyrtis), and flower arranged in threes. Several have bulbs, while others

have rhizomes. Shade-dwelling genera usually have broad, net-veined leaves, fleshy

fruits with animal-dispersed seeds, rhizomes, and small, inconspicuous flowers;

genera native to sunny habitats usually have narrow, parallel-veined leaves, capsular

fruits with wind-dispersed seeds, bulbs, and large, visually conspicuous flowers.

Many plants in the Liliaceae are important ornamental plants, widely grown for

their attractive flowers. Many species are poisonous if eaten and may cause serious

complications, such as renal failure in household pets, especially cats.

The lily family was formerly a paraphyletic "catch-all" group of petaloid

monocots that did not fit into other families. It included a great number of genera now

included in other families and in some cases in other orders, including Agavaceae,

Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae, Hyacinthaceae,

Melanthiaceae, Nartheciaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae, Tecophilaeaceae,

Themidaceae, Tofieldiaceae, and Uvulariaceae, and members of the monocot orders

Asparagales, Dioscoreales, and Alismatales. Smilacaceae appears to be the family

most closely related to Liliaceae in its modern restricted sense.

The genus Calochortus, which includes the sego and mariposa lilies, and its allied

genera are separated into a separate family Calochortaceae in some schemes, while

others maintain them as a subfamily of Liliaceae, the Calochortoideae.

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BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION

A beautiful glabrous herbaceous climber or with underground white. Tuberous

rhizome.

Erect. Perennial tuberous climbing herb.

Leaves:- Alternate, sessile ovate – lance late with acuminate tips prolonged intwo tendril

like spiral 3-8 inchas long.

Flowrs:- Showy, axillary, solitary or subcorymbose towards the ends of branches at first

erect & greenish, afterwards becoming reflects and truning to ylleow or orange and finally

scarlet.

Fruits:- Fusifor or linear oblong capsules and just like peanut.

Seeds:- Subglobose, grey, many and or red in colour

Stamens:- 6 spreading Hypogynous.

Anathers:- Extros, modified versatile opening by longitudinally. Slits

Petals:- are wavy ,

Ovary:- Superior 3 celled

Ovules:- Numerous

Pedicles:- 7.5-15 cms long, the tips deflexed periapt segments eaching 6.3 cms 18-30 mm

Filaments :- 3.8- - 4.8 Cms long spreading anthars nearly 13mm long.

Style :- Reaching 5Cms long arms about 6mm long deflected at based projecting from the

flower more or less horizontal .

Capsule:- 4.5 by 2cms linear ablong

Stem:- Is thin.

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MiCROSCOPIC AND MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE:

Tuberous root:

It is thick, almost cylindrical or slightly laterally flattened, occurringin pieces

of 15.30cm long. 2.5-3 8cm thick, often bifurcated with taperingends, brownish externally

and yellowish often bifurcated with taperingends, brownish externally and yellowish

internally. MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE tuberous root shows single layered epidermis

externally cuticularised, consisting of rectangular cells followed by ground parenchyma

withscattered small vascular bundles, parenchyma cells large, thin walled,

havingintercellular space, its outer layar filled with starch grains, measuring 8.33 uin dea.

Vascular bundless collateral, numerous, scattered throughout groundtissue, consisting of

xylem and phoem. Xyem composed of vassels, tracheoids and parenchyma, the

xylemparenchyma cells usually rectangular. Plloem consisting of sieve tubes, companion

cells. The phloem parenchyma cells, very small and thin walled.

20

HABITAT

Through out topical india form the North Weth to assam , Exteanding to

Burma. Mulacca and srilanka , Common in dehara dum and east words along the

sub himalayam tracts and bundelkhand and N.Oudh also in bundelkhand and

Marwara.

In Australia, "scattered naturalized populations exist in the understorey of

coastal dry sclerophyll forest and sand dune vegetation throughout south-east

Queensland and New South Wales". It is considered a rampant and dangerous

invasive weed in Australia, dominating the coastal dunes at the expense of native

species and leading to deaths of native animals and birds when ingested.

In India, Glorious is distributed in the Western Ghats but the density is

rapidly decreasing due to excessive uprooting by the Herbal Medicine producers.

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VARIETY

Depding upon of the size and shape of the route, there are two typs,

Male plant and female Plant.

MALE PLANT:- Root is long, Round and dividied into two parts and mostly used for

medicinal purpose,

FEMALE PLANT:- Root is Round, long 1 in Number.

There are two verities of this plant. The Route of one Plant. Divides dischotomously that of

the other does not divide at all, but appears has a single piece shouting into ground the

former is supposed by the natives to the be the male plant and the later the female.

Gloriosa aurea

Gloriosa baudii

Gloriosa flavovirens

Gloriosa lindenii

Gloriosa littonioides

Gloriosa modesta

Gloriosa revoilii

Gloriosa rigidifolia

Gloriosa sessiliflora

Gloriosa superba

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CONTROVERSIAL STATUS

In C.S.Su271106 dangalaki is mentioned as a vegitalbe (Sake) but is not clear

whether gherious leaves are used or costus rhizomes used. It is possible that the

terms “Lengala” andDangalahy (S.SCi 9155) are indicative of costes. It is abserved

that costus speciou in often used substitute for geriosa sperba in the market.

Inspite of this controverry we the come across the description of longal in brhat

trayi works,. It is included under upa visial key bhavanisra and rara vagbhata.

Langali is considered as a uapvisha by many texts, but according to Dr. Bapalal

Vaidya in his text some controversial drugs in Indian Medicine. He mentioned it as

non poisonous. Bhavamishra has drawn the attention the word upavisha shoud

beconstructed as the attention the word upavisha should beconstructed as

gounavisha, in Astanga Hridaya has used it as rasyana, Many have translated this

workdd Langali menaing “Mucuna Pruriens” Langali is the synonyms of

KapiKachchu, In Gujarajath it si know as vadhawordi menaing is quarrels in

sanskritti know as kalikarika meaning the promoter of quarrel. But in Charaka,

Sushruta and vagbhata there is mention of work kalikarika or kalihari But in Amara

Kosha There is the synonym for Jalapippaili

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PROPERTIES

Properties DN MN RN KN BPN PN AN DG

HASTA

MALA

Rasa katu

tikta

- katu katu

tikta

kshara

katu katu

tikta

katu

tikta

lavana

katu tikta

kashaya

GUNA - tiksna

laghu

sara

sara Sara

tiksna

laghu

- Sara

tiksna

- Laghu

tiksna

guru

Veerya Ushna Ushna Ushna Ushna Ushna Ushna Ushna Ushna

Vipaka - - - - - - Katu -

Doshaghnatha Kapha

vatahara

Pittava

rdaka

Kapha

vatahara

Pittavard

aka

- Pittava

rdaka

Kapha

vatahara

-

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SEASON OF AVAILABILITY:

Flowering and fruit – June to October.

25

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION.

Plant contain:

Alkaloid gloriosine, aromatic oil benzoid, acid, salicylic acid, colin sugar, fatty acid

and resinous substance.

Tuber contain:

Tannin, supperbine, resin, gloriogine, starch

Tuber and seed:

Colchicines, isoperlolyrieand related tropolane alkaloids.

Aerial stem:

Colchicines, alkaloid.

Young leaves:

Chelidonic acid

Flower:

Glucosides.

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ACTIONS

Actions AN DN MN RN KN BPN PN AHRecaka - - - - - + - -Pittavirecaka - - - - - + - -Dipana - - - - - + - -Balya - - - - - + - -Vamaka - - - - - + - -Garbhapatana

+ + + - - + + -

Kushaghna + - - - + - - -Sothaghna - + - - + - - -Arsoghna + - - - + - - -Vranaropana + - - - + - - -Sulaghna - - + - - - - -Kaphagna - - - - + - - -Krimighna - - + - + + + -Vrana + + + - + - - -Shoola hara + - - - - - + -Shalyaharana + - - + - - - -Vastishula - - - - + - - -Rasayana - - - - - - - +

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PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

Sposmolytic, CNS Depressant. Anlibiolic oxytocic, uterine slimillant

numaticial.

Colchicine (2,4 & 5mg) when infused into added goats decreased milk

production in some animal mammary gland udod flow was increared from 8

to 24 hrs after infusion which returned to named after 4 days of infusion.

The water souble ration of the alcoholic extact & Rhizone of this relant

passesurs strong oxyotic effect on isolated uterus of guine pigs, rabbits.

Dogs and human beings in all the cases action was found to be direct on

the muscle in higher doeses it. Intiated labour in pregnant rabbits it has

further shown spasmodic activitiy of vergines degree in isoloated dogs.

Tra cheal chain some depressant action on isolated frogs heat and has also

shown mild miptrotoxic activitiy.

28

USEFUL PARTS

Tuburous root / corm.

According to RN Seeds, Mula.

29

SROTOGAMITVA

Dosha – kaphaghna, pittaghna and vataghna

Dhatu – rakta shodhana (Dermatoses, piles)

Mala - purisha bhedaka (anthelmintic)

Organs – Uterus (abortificient – local application on umbelicus, pelvis or

palms and soles.

Prabhava – garbhapatana

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USES The tuberous root is a specific for snake poison effective against

gonorrhoea.

Root made into paste and applied to the navel supra – pubic region and

vagina promotes labour pains.

Root paste applied to the soles of the feet accelerates delivery.

Powder of dried roots mind with honey is applied in eye disease.

This plant has two tuberous roots, one protruding upwards and another

protruding downwards. The two tubers have entirely different

physiological action in the human system.

The tuber protruding upwards causes retardation of delivery in women and

the one protruding downwards accelerates the delivery.

Another important property these tubers is the effect each has on the

digestive system.

It acts as abortefacient and antipyretic properties.

External uses:- Locally abortefacient and vitiates blood its paste is applied on

wounds, inflammations lynphadenopathy, piles, scorpion stinge its application on palms

and soles, umbilicus and lumber region eases the process of delivery and expulsion of

plasanta tuber kept in vagina acts as abortefacient.

Internal uses:- In low dose it is useful any loss of appetite, pitta disorders, worms,

dermatoses, typhoid and general debelity.

The root of langali is used in the form of powder to treat arthritis (Vatha Rakta),

Piles, Boils, for extraction of foreign body, for easy delivery, baldness, scrofula and ear

diseases. It destroys boils caused insects. It destroys scrofula.

31

Posology

Churna :- 250 to 500mg

For garbhapatana 3 to 6gm

Fatal period :- 2hours to 24 hours.

Fatal dose :- powder of fruit 3 to 5 grams

32

VISHISTA YOGA Langalyadi vati

Langali rasayana

Kasisadi taila

Nasika churna

Kalakuta rasa

Brihanmarichadya taila

Vishyandana taila

Karavirada taila

Somaraji taila

Kachchhurakeshasa taila

33

SHUDHASHUDHI VIVEKA

Unpurified tuber protrotruding downwards if taken internally causes

intensive purging and no medicines are capable of stopping the perging.

as a result the person is likely to pass away

However if immediately the tuber protruding upwards is given internally,

the purging stops at once and the person completely recovers.

34

COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION

The male root is gathered during the flowering season, cut up in thin slices

and soaked in butter milk to which a little salt is added in this composition it is

soaked by night and and dried by day for four or five days. It is eventually dried

well and preserved by this process its poisonous properties are said to be

removed.

35

AMAYIKA PRAYOGA

1) Fro Extraction of Foreign body: by application of the parte of longali tuber on

wounds opening. The Foreign body comes out immediately even if hidden since

long.

2) For Easy delivery: By Application of the roots of patha langali etc.. on navel, pelvis

& vula the woman delivers easily

3) Vatarakta:- Langali is the main clause in langalyadi vatika

4) Piles:- Parte of Langali mixed with sirisa seeds should be applied on the

hemorrhoids.

5) Boils:- Root seeds of langali are pounded with sowr gruel and the parte is applied

locally it destoryes boils caused by insects.

6) Baldness :- After vensection the part should be scarified deeply and pasted with

langili root or karavira juice

7) Scrofula :- Oil cooled with 1/4th paste of langali tuber and four times nirgundi juice

should be taken as a snuff etc it destroys scrofula

8) Ear disease :-

a) Oil cooked with tulasi and langali should be used as a snuff

b) Juice of langali root mixed with trikati powder should be filled in the ear it

destroys organisms

9) Cobra bite :- Shodhita langali rizomes are given in the internally as an antidote to

cobra bite. It is said to be an effectual antidote in cobra poisons.

10) Scorpion and centipeda stinge :- In case of Scorpion and centipeda stinge relief

obtained from the pain by applying a paste of the root rubbed up with cold water

and warming the part affected over the fire this paste is applied also for parastic

affections of the skin.

11) Lice infestation:- The juice of the ground leaves used to destroy lice in the hair.

36

SUBSTITUTION AND ADULTERATION

1) Rhizomes of costus speciosus known kebuka in ayurveda, are some times sold in the

market under the name long all.

2) The tuber of gloriosa are used as adulterant to aconite.

They are reported to be a good substitute to meadow saffron (colchicum

autumnale) which is used in medicine and as narcotic.

37

RESEARCHES

1) Colchine increased basal relase of growth harmone from isolated pitutory gland

incubated into vitro but had little effect on based release of LH, FSH, or TSH, it

enhanced release of its and FSH or LH releasing factor and FSM – releaving factor

respectively.

2) In primary issue culture of nalignant human glioma, wichine (1-10 llg/me) induced

mild and non specific riverside reduction in cell motility and did not change

adhesion.

3) Colchine (2,3 and 5 mg) when infused into fodder of goats decreased mill

production, in same animals mummers gland had flow was increased from 8 th to 24th

hour. If infection c returned to normal of 4days of infution clinical studies.

4) In geenia pig the tuber are used in cataplasms for neuralgia.

38

PROPOGATION AND CULTIVATION

Gloriosa can be grown on almost all types of soil, but thrives best on sandy

loams seeds or tubers are sown in the last week of june till mid july, the tubers are planted

by splitting into two from their V shaped joints or placed as such at the distance of 20x20cm

and 5-6cm deep. 1000 to 1200 kg of tubers are required for planting per hectare.

The plant flower during july-August and the capsules containing ripe seeds

can be harvested at end of semptember. Usually the creeper takes about 2-3 months to

mature. The tubers are collected in November / December. The average yield is about 40 to

50 quintals of tubers and 10 quintals of seeds 1 hectare.

If the plant is propagated by seeds. They are sown in lines at the distance of

4 to 6cm. they germinate with in 15 to 20 days. Tubers formed they seed germination are

very small in size and they about 3 to 4 years to grow to full size.

In another trial, youngs sprouts of gloriosa superba were cultured in MS basal

medium with kinelian ( 1-4mg) direct regeneration of shoots from explants was obtained.

39

TOXICOLOGY

A pale yellow to greenish yellow alkaloid colchicine is mainly responsible for the

toxic effect. The toxins in Gloriosa superba have an inhibitory action on cellular division

resulting in diarrhoea, depresent action on the bone marrow and alopecia. After ingestion

of tubers, initial symptoms develop within two to six hours. Intense vomiting, numbness

and tingling around the mouth, burning and rawness of the throat, nausea, abdominal pain

and bloody diarrhoea leading to dehydration etc. are some of the primary symptoms

developed initially in the victim. The other important complications include respiratory

depression, shock, hypotension, marked leucopenia, thromobocytopenia, coagulation

disorders, oliguria, haematuria, confusion, seizures, coma and ascending polyneuropathy.

Alopecia and dermatitis are the late manifestations that developed about on to two weeks

after poisoning.

The alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the plant were found to be toxic at a close of

25mg /kg and 100mg /kg respectively. After ingestion of tubers gastro enteritis, acute

renal failure, cardio toxicity and haemotological abnormalities were the main toxic

manifestalions.

All the parts of plant, especially the tubers, are extremely poisonous. The tubers

may be mistakenly eaten in place of sweet potatoes since the tubers resemble those of

sweet potatoes. The juic of the leaves is used as an ingrediant in arrow poisons.

Impure tubers of langally or its excess dose cause abortion and topically causes

inflammation, oedama and bleeding at the site.

In excess doses internally it causes burning sensation in the stomach acute

gastrities, vomiting and diarrhoea.

All the parts of gloriosa contain colchine the roots and seeds are especially rich. The

lethal dose of colchicine is about 6 mg/mg. and Gloriosa superba has been used as a

means of commiting suicide.

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TRADE AND COMMERCE

Gloriosa superba is believed as most important herb that is exported, and

collection of sedds and roots for the foreign market is causing a shortage of raw material

for local drug industries in india. If endangered plants like Gloriosa superba are allowed to

become damage through excessive collection, a whole series of traditional medicines and

plants which have been in use for thousands of years will be threatened. It is therefore

need of the hour come forward and rescue this important glorious herb of patalkot. Active

participation from everyone is highly needed specially people from chhindwara district.

41

TREATMENT

If the patient is male and as taken tuber power internally stomach wash is helpful

with 1-2% of red potash. If the has vomiting symptotic treatment like madhiphala rasayana,

dadimashaka churna is given.

If he has diarrhea give kutajaarishta, kutajavati, dopromile, etc. is given. And

stomach pain is treated with shankavati, mahashankavati, chandana asava, usheera asava, is

given.

Complete bed rest is advised and Iv imbalance is regulated. By giving Iv

glucose, dextrose or normal saline oxygen is provided if needed.

If the patient is female and tubers powder was taken internally for abortion

then there will be yonigatha, raktasrava, measures must be taken for sukaparasava and

placental delivery must be done safely.

Garbhashaya raktasrava must be controlled. Shonithastapana dravyas like

Ashoka Nagakeshava, Dataki, lejjalu, can be given. Then the conditions of the patient is

assessed and Iv with normal saline is necessary to control any infection.

42

ANTIDOTE

The substances alleviating pitta dosha like milk, ghee, butter are recommended in

diet.

43

FOLKLORE AND TRADITIONAL USES

It is also a popular plant for providing colour in green houses and

conservatories.

The juice of the leaves is used as an ingredient in arrow poisons.

The flower are uses in religious ceremonies.

It is used as an abortificient in ancient times.

Tribals of patalkot apply the powder of rhizome with coconut oil in skin eruptions

and related diseases for five days. This combination is said to be effective in snake and

scorpion bites too. Tribals crush roots of the plant in water and apply on head for curing

baldness. To avoid painful delivery, Ghonds and Bharias of patalkot, apply rhizome extract

over the navel and vagina. It induces labour pain and performs normal delivery. Bhumkas

(local healers) generally prescribe 250 to 500mg of the rhizome as dosage. According to

Bhumkas of Patalkot , this dose may lead to abortion if given to a lady with pregnancy of 1

or 2 months. Since the rhizome is having abortive action, this is prescribed for normal

delivery. Duke(1985) has also reported the abortificient action of the plant rhizome. In

Gaildubba, juice of the leaves is given to to kill the lice.

In traditional medicine system, tuber is used for the treatment of bruises and

sprains, colic, chronic, ulcers, hemorrhoids, cancer, impotence, noctunal seminal emissions

and leprocy. Many cultures believe the species to have various magical properties. The

plump roots of the plant have been used in the treatment of parasitic skin infections,

leprosy, and internal worms.

44

SHODHANA

1) According to Ayurveda prakasha

The Small pieces of langali Mula are soaked in gomutra for 24 hours washed and

dried in shade and can be used for preparations.

45

USES IN OTHER SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

The tuber is pungent, bitter, acrid, heating, anthelmintic laxative, alexiteric,

abortifacient, useful in chronic ulcers, leprocy, inflammation, piles, abdominal pain,

itching, thirst, used to remove the placanta from the uterus causes biliousness

(Ayurveda)

The root is useful in bowel complaints, the flower for fever and thirst. The

tuber is astringent, expectorant, used in bleeding piles and thirst, skin problems,

intestinal worms, infertility (Unani)

In bombay it is supposed to be an anthermintic and accordingly frequently

administered to cattle affected by worms.

In madras it is believed to be specific against the bites of poisonous snakes

and the stinges of scorpions and it also used as an external application in parasitical

affections of the skin. (Sidda system)

46

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

If a person consumes toxic tuberous root the following signs and symptoms are as

follows.

1. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, spasmodic pain in the abdomen.

2. Perfuse sweating.

3. Convulsions, spasm and collapse.

4. Oral intake of large quantities of tuber powder causes burning sensation in

epigastria region excessive salivation, restlessness, hyper hiridosis colic pain

leading to diarrhoea

5. Due to the irritation of the intestine there will be purging.

6. If not treated electrolyte imbalance can lead to severe dehydration and can

prove fatal.

47

MEDICOLEGAL ASPECT

1. Mostly accidental while applied fro augmentation of labour or expulsion of

placenta.

2. Suicidal or homicidal use is rare.

48

POST MORTEM SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Severe GI irritations

If the body is female there will be signs of perveginal bleeding uterus will be

contracted and there will be congestion of the endometrial.

If it as gloriosa superb is used as yonipicchu one can see the signs of inflammation

of cervix vegina and one can detect the presence of colchicine in the utrus when

subjected to chemical analysis in the forensic science laboratory conforming the

female had abortion due to gloriosa superb and died due to its excess dose.

49