logos -toulmin

What we talk about when

we talk about

Argument

Let’s start with an enthymeme

Women should be allowed to fight in US

combat units

1) They are physically capable.

2) Their presence would weaken gender stereotypes.

3) This would expand the opportunities for women in the military.

Because...

1) They are physically capable.

What is the implied assumption?

Because...

2) Their presence would weaken gender stereotypes.

What is the implied assumption?

Because...

3)This would expand the opportunities for women in the military.

What is the implied assumption?

Because...

Stephen Toulmin

Terms:

ClaimReason

WarrantUsed to be called “implied assumption”

Example:

ClaimReason

Warrant

I shouldn’t have to take Algebra

because I want to be a lawyer

career utility should be the main justification for class requirements

Your Turn:

ClaimReason

Warrant

You should have to take algebra...

??????

??????

An Argument:

Cheerleading should be banned...because it depicts girls as sex objects

Warrant

Grounds

An Argument:

Cheerleading should be banned...because it depicts girls as sex objects

Warrant

Grounds•description of the uniform•video of suggestive cheerleading•Bring it On•MTV videos using cheerleading•professors of Media Studies quotes on cheerleading

So Far:

ClaimReason

Warrant

Cheerleading should be banned

because it depicts girls as sex objects

?????

So Far:

ClaimReason

Warrant

Cheerleading should be banned

because it depicts girls as sex objects

It is harmful for girls/society to depict girls as sex objects

So Far:

ClaimReason

Cheerleading should be banned

because it depicts girls as sex objects

It is harmful for girls/society to depict girls as sex objectsBacking

So Far:

ClaimReason

Cheerleading should be banned

because it depicts girls as sex objects

It is harmful for girls/society to depict girls as sex objectsBacking

Relevant evidence of loss of self-esteem, tendency towards teen pregnancy, and a society that does not respect the intellectual capabilities of women.

Almost Done

Two More terms:

Rebuttal

Qualifier

Two More terms:

RebuttalThe opposing argument against your claim

Two More terms:

RebuttalCheerleading should not be banned because it increases girls’ self-esteem

Two More terms:

The degree to which you are confident in your claim.

Qualifier

Two More terms:

Cheerleading should DEFINITELY be banned

Qualifier

Two More terms:

We should consider whether Cheerleading should be banned or discouraged.

Qualifier

Two More terms:

Cheerleading should POSSIBLY be banned

Qualifier

OK, your turn:

Warrant

Backing

Grounds

Reason

Claim

Rebuttal

Qualifier

OK, your turn:

Warrant

Backing

Grounds

Reason

Claim

Rebuttal

Qualifier

All students should be required to take AP Language in order to graduate.