lich landscape hawaii magazine - january/february 2013 issue

PRESORTEDSTANDARD

U.S. POSTAGE PAIDHONOLULU, HI

PERMIT NO. 1023

A R B O R I C U L T U R E I S S U E

JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013

$5.00T h E V o i c E o F h A W A i i ’ S G R E E N i N D U S T R Y

STRUCTURALTREE PRUNINGGUIDELINES

OutdOOr CirCle

lANdSCAPe ArCHiteCt AWArdS

Clean, green & beautiful for 100 years

The Hawaii Chapter of the ASLA honors top landscape projects

Key concepts to pruning that promotes sound tree structure

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 3

For 30 years, Victor Stanley has shipped products to the Hawaiian Islands, taking care to find the most economical means of transport.SDC-36 Steelsites™ Series Side-Door Receptacles with Optional Plaques and Decals, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.

1.800.368.2573 (USA & Canada) | Maryland, USA | www.victorstanley.com | Proud sponsor of Hawaii ASLA.

We design, engineer and

manufacture long-lasting,

ergonomic and attractive

site furnishings.

100% domestic,

98% recycled steel.

THE ART OF

CRAFTSMANSHIP

MEETS THE ART

OF PURPOSE

HILM_Dec12_1.indd 2 11/6/2012 1:49:02 PM

Formed in June 1986, the Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘i is a state wide al-liance representing Hawaii’s landscape associations: Aloha Arborist Association, American Society of Landscape Archi-tects Hawaii Chapter, Hawaii

Association of Nurserymen, Hawaii Island Land-scape Association, Hawaii Landscape and Irriga-tion Contractors, Hawaii Society of Urban Forestry Professionals, Kauai Landscape Industry Council, Maui Association of Landscape Professionals, Pro-fessional Grounds Management Society, Big Island Association of Nurserymen, and the Hawaii Profes-sional Gardeners Association.

Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘iP. O. Box 22938, Honolulu HI 96823-2938

Editor Christopher A. Dacus Chris.Dacus@gmail.com

Advertising Sales Jay Deputy jaydeputy@gmail.com

Membership Cheryl M. Dacus Cheryldacus@yahoo.com

Designer Darrell Ishida

Cover Photo Photo by David LeonardLocal champion Ashlen Aquila in the Hawaii Tree Climbing Competition

Mahalo to Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘i Sponsors

DEPARTMENTS

4 PRESIDENT’S MEMO 4 LICH NEWS 6 EVENT GALLERY 13 FEATURED PALMS21 NATIVE PLANTS27 FEATURED PEST28 TOOL TIPS30 HAWAI-‘ICOLOGY

FEATURES

12 HILO ZOO 14 TREE BIOLOGY18 MULTI GRAFT TREE20 PALM CONFERENCE25 CLT CERTIFICATION26 DIVISION OF URBAN FORESTRY

COVER STORIES

10 STRUCTURAL TREE PRUNING17 TOC 100 YEAR ANNIVERSARY 22 ASLA AWARDS

22

THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

websitewww.landscapehawaii.org

eNewsletter signuphttp://eepurl.com/r0O35

Facebookhttp://facebook.com/LICH.organization

Google+http://bit.ly/LICHGoogle

Twitterhttp://twitter.com/LICHNews

Online Magazine archivehttp://bit.ly/LICHmagazine

2 0 1 3 B o A r d o f d i r e C T o r S

Chris Dacus, President Brandon Au, Vice President Matt Lyum, Treasurer Rick Quinn, Secretary

Jay Deputy Lelan Nishek Orville Baldos Carl Evensen Karen Ostborg Chuck Chimera Randy Liu Edmundo Reyes Steve Nimz Christy Martin Mark Suiso Boyd Ready Chris McCullough Josh Sand Garrett Webb Clifford Migita Aaron Agsalda Be Sociable!

TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S

INSIDElook

Platinum Sponsors

Website Sponsors

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 3

For 30 years, Victor Stanley has shipped products to the Hawaiian Islands, taking care to find the most economical means of transport.SDC-36 Steelsites™ Series Side-Door Receptacles with Optional Plaques and Decals, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.

1.800.368.2573 (USA & Canada) | Maryland, USA | www.victorstanley.com | Proud sponsor of Hawaii ASLA.

We design, engineer and

manufacture long-lasting,

ergonomic and attractive

site furnishings.

100% domestic,

98% recycled steel.

THE ART OF

CRAFTSMANSHIP

MEETS THE ART

OF PURPOSE

HILM_Dec12_1.indd 2 11/6/2012 1:49:02 PM

Formed in June 1986, the Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘i is a state wide al-liance representing Hawaii’s landscape associations: Aloha Arborist Association, American Society of Landscape Archi-tects Hawaii Chapter, Hawaii

Association of Nurserymen, Hawaii Island Land-scape Association, Hawaii Landscape and Irriga-tion Contractors, Hawaii Society of Urban Forestry Professionals, Kauai Landscape Industry Council, Maui Association of Landscape Professionals, Pro-fessional Grounds Management Society, Big Island Association of Nurserymen, and the Hawaii Profes-sional Gardeners Association.

Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘iP. O. Box 22938, Honolulu HI 96823-2938

Editor Christopher A. Dacus Chris.Dacus@gmail.com

Advertising Sales Jay Deputy jaydeputy@gmail.com

Membership Cheryl M. Dacus Cheryldacus@yahoo.com

Designer Darrell Ishida

Cover Photo Photo by David LeonardLocal champion Ashlen Aquila in the Hawaii Tree Climbing Competition

Mahalo to Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘i Sponsors

DEPARTMENTS

4 PRESIDENT’S MEMO 4 LICH NEWS 6 EVENT GALLERY 13 FEATURED PALMS21 NATIVE PLANTS27 FEATURED PEST28 TOOL TIPS30 HAWAI-‘ICOLOGY

FEATURES

12 HILO ZOO 14 TREE BIOLOGY18 MULTI GRAFT TREE20 PALM CONFERENCE25 CLT CERTIFICATION26 DIVISION OF URBAN FORESTRY

COVER STORIES

10 STRUCTURAL TREE PRUNING17 TOC 100 YEAR ANNIVERSARY 22 ASLA AWARDS

22

THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

websitewww.landscapehawaii.org

eNewsletter signuphttp://eepurl.com/r0O35

Facebookhttp://facebook.com/LICH.organization

Google+http://bit.ly/LICHGoogle

Twitterhttp://twitter.com/LICHNews

Online Magazine archivehttp://bit.ly/LICHmagazine

2 0 1 3 B o A r d o f d i r e C T o r S

Chris Dacus, President Brandon Au, Vice President Matt Lyum, Treasurer Rick Quinn, Secretary

Jay Deputy Lelan Nishek Orville Baldos Carl Evensen Karen Ostborg Chuck Chimera Randy Liu Edmundo Reyes Steve Nimz Christy Martin Mark Suiso Boyd Ready Chris McCullough Josh Sand Garrett Webb Clifford Migita Aaron Agsalda Be Sociable!

TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S

INSIDElook

Platinum Sponsors

Website Sponsors

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 5THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY4 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013

LIC.ABC-10825

808-245-7747

Mon. - Fri. 7:30-5 / Sat. 7:30-4WEB: www.kauainursery.comMAIL: knl@kauanursery.com

Toll Free: 888-345-7747 Fax: 808-245-9289

3-1550 Kaumualii HwyLihue, Kauai, HI 96766

CERTIFIED EXPORT NURSERYINTERISLAND SHIPPING

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE& DESIGN/BUILD

RESORT, COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIALINSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE

CCERTIFIED LANDSCAPE TECHNICIANSARBORISTS

IRRIGATION DESIGNINSTALLATION/REPAIR

KAUAI NURSEY &LANDSCAPING, INC.

60,000 SF Greenhouses 150 Acres of Plants & MaterialLARGEST NURSERY SELECTION ON KAUAI

03-10-09/0000229489

KOOLAU SEEDS & SUPPLY R 2.00 X 2.00

3009 PMP-PENARO Proofed By: jmahoney

Susan OwenManager

Contact

(808) 239-1280 Office

(808) 239-2151 Fax

E-mailowens001@hawaii.rr.com

48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744

Susan OwenManager

Contact

(808) 239-1280 Office

(808) 239-2151 Fax

E-mailowens001@hawaii.rr.com

48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744

AdVerTiSeTodAY

Reach one of the fastest growing and largest segments of the green indus-try, the landscape industry with an economic impact of over $520 million annually and full time employment of over 11,000 landscape professionals.

Inquire with Jay Deputy at jaydeputy@gmail.com

Happy New Year!

I am sure it’s a bit surprising to you to pick up this issue and discover it’s your last issue.

Take a deep breath. It’s easy to continue to receive the Landscape Hawaii maga-zine. And who would want

to miss the magazine especially with the great issues planned for this year covering the latest trends in turf grass, edible landscaping, sus-tainability, and plant propagation.

You have two options to continue receiving Landscape Hawaii magazine.

Do you love the magazine? Then by all means show it and complete the attached form and become a member! It’s only $30 dollars for a one-year membership and the magazine by itself is a $30 value. The Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii is brimming with youthful energy and 2013 is going to be it’s best yet. Our new board of directors is better than ever and ready to tackle some important issues. It’s a great time to become a member or renew your membership and get involved!

If you want to receive the magazine but do not want to become a member then complete the attached form and mail it. You will continue receiving it and please consider a membership in 2014.

And if you don’t wish to receive the magazine or receive two copies, simply don’t return the attached card. Or if you prefer to receive a digi-tal version sign up for the LICH e-Newsletter at http://eepurl.com/r0O35 and receive bi-monthly emails with links to the latest digital Landscape Hawaii magazine and occasionally a story ahead of the mailed magazine.

Are you a news junkie and want local and na-tional landscape news as it happens, then join the Twitter feed at @LICHnews or “Like” us on Facebook at http://facebook.com/LICH.organi-zation.

Enjoy the issue and keep on reading :)

Chris DacusPresident

phot

o: S

haun

Tok

unag

a

“Do you

Landscape Hawaii magazine?

January 19 – March 31Oahu Permaculture Design CourseVarious Locations on Oahu

January 21 – 24Hawaii Rural Water AssociationBackflow Assembly Tester TrainingPacific Pipe Co., Pearl City

February 20Tree Biology Workshop Dr. Kevin Smith U.S. Forest ServiceMcCoy Pavilion, Honolulu

CaLeNdar OF eveNTs

LandscapeHawaii.org (Check website for details)

Robin Nelson, Golf Course Architect and resident of Hawaii and California passed away on November 19, 2012 in California, with his family by

his side.Robin Nelson had over 35 years of

experience in designing exceptional golf courses all over the world. Originally with the firm Robert Muir Graves in California, Robin moved to the firm Golfplan in 1976 and soon became vice president in charge of Asia.

In 1982, Nelson joined forces with Belt-Collins, the well known Hawaii-based land planning, engineering and landscape architectural firm, to head up their golf design company, which has today become the firm of Nelson and Haworth, which he headed for 18 years. In 2000, he was named “Golf Course Architect of the Year” by Boardroom Magazine and recently was honored by being listed as one of the top ten golf course architects in America by noted golf writer Jeff Williams.

Hawaii Projects include: Bayview Golf Links, Coral Creek G. C. Ewa Beach Inter-

LEGENDARy GoLf CoURSE ARChITECT PASSES AwAy

CARoL KwAN RUNS foR wCISA BoARD

Carol Kwan has accepted the nomination to run for the Western Chapter International Society of Arboriculture (WCISA)

Board. “WCISA covers the states of Arizona, California, Hawaii and Ne-vada. In its 70 years of existence, there has never been anyone from Hawaii elected to the WCISA Board, even though some highly qualified people have run. Garrett Webb came the closest, doing well in the 2012 elections even though he didn’t win. Since he’s become involved in another non-profit and is not interested in running for WCISA in 2013, I have decided to take the plunge and give it a try,” said Carol. “Hawaii needs to be represented on the WCISA Board. I have found someone who is willing to transition

into what I’ve been doing for Aloha Ar-borist Association, so AAA will con-tinue to be a strong organization and I won’t be spread too thin. Hopefully if I’m elected, we

can build an even better relationship between the two organizations.”

Ballots will be mailed out on Febru-ary 15, 2013, and the WCISA elections will be open through March 1, 2013. Online voting will also be available. Current WCISA members, usually Certified Arborists and Certified Tree Workers, are eligible to vote.

“For the WCISA members in Ha-waii, I would greatly appreciate your vote,” Carol added. “Mahalo nui loa.”

Carol Kwan

W H A T S H A p p E N I N G

NEWSlich

Thanks to a Kaulunani grant, Aloha Arborist Association (AAA), Western Chapter International Society of Arboriculture (WCISA), and

Carol Kwan Consulting, the Hawaii State Public Library System (HSPLS) now has the latest Certified Arborist and Certified Tree Worker study materials statewide. Over $1,800 worth of materials, includ-ing study guides, ANSI standards, Best Management Practices, and DVDs, were donated. The materials were distributed to Hawaii State Library, Kapolei Public Library, Lihue Public Library, Kahului Public Library, Hilo Public Library, and Kailua-Kona Public Library, but they can be requested and picked up from any of the 50 HSPLS libraries statewide. Visit librarieshawaii.org and search on keyword “arboriculture” for a complete listing of available materials.

This publications donation was funded in part by Kaulunani, an Urban & Com-munity Forestry Program of the DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife and the USDA Forest Service.

CERTIfIED ARBoRIST & CERTIfIED TREE woRKER STUDy mATERIALS DoNATED To LIBRARIES BY CAroL KwAn THe HawaI‘I RuRaL waTeR

aSSoCIaTIon IS offeRIng a BaCkfLow aSSeMBLy TeSTeR TRaInIng CouRSedaTe: January 21 – 24TIMe: 7:30 am to 4:00 pm WHere: Pacific Pipe Co., 1255 Kuala street in Pearl City, Oahu.

For more information and to enroll in this training course, contact Karrie at karrie@hawaiirwa.org. space is limited to a maximum of 20 participants for this course.

national GC, Kahili GC, Kona CC, Mauna Lani Resort North & South GC, Puakea GC, Royal Kunia CC, The Dunes at Mauna Lani, West Loch GC, and countless renovations at other courses.

ABOVE: Robin Nelson (center) with his design partners Neil Haworth (left) and Brett Mogg (right), November 2009 at the Sheshan Golf Club in Shanghai (HSBC Masters Event). N&H designed Sheshan Golf Club.

February 22Tree Biology WorkshopKevin Smith U.S. Forest ServiceImin Center, Holualoa, Kona

October 10, 2013LICH Conference & TradeshowBlaisdell Exhibition Hall

MAR/APRTheme: Turf Grass & Legislature

Story Deadline: February 8th

MAY/JUNETheme: Edible Landscaping

Story Deadline: April 19th

JUL/AUG Theme: Sustainability & Conservation

Story Deadline: June 14th

UPcOMiNG ISSUES:Tell a great story! Email the editor at chris.dacus@gmail.com.

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 5THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY4 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013

LIC.ABC-10825

808-245-7747

Mon. - Fri. 7:30-5 / Sat. 7:30-4WEB: www.kauainursery.comMAIL: knl@kauanursery.com

Toll Free: 888-345-7747 Fax: 808-245-9289

3-1550 Kaumualii HwyLihue, Kauai, HI 96766

CERTIFIED EXPORT NURSERYINTERISLAND SHIPPING

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE& DESIGN/BUILD

RESORT, COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIALINSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE

CCERTIFIED LANDSCAPE TECHNICIANSARBORISTS

IRRIGATION DESIGNINSTALLATION/REPAIR

KAUAI NURSEY &LANDSCAPING, INC.

60,000 SF Greenhouses 150 Acres of Plants & MaterialLARGEST NURSERY SELECTION ON KAUAI

03-10-09/0000229489

KOOLAU SEEDS & SUPPLY R 2.00 X 2.00

3009 PMP-PENARO Proofed By: jmahoney

Susan OwenManager

Contact

(808) 239-1280 Office

(808) 239-2151 Fax

E-mailowens001@hawaii.rr.com

48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744

Susan OwenManager

Contact

(808) 239-1280 Office

(808) 239-2151 Fax

E-mailowens001@hawaii.rr.com

48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744

AdVerTiSeTodAY

Reach one of the fastest growing and largest segments of the green indus-try, the landscape industry with an economic impact of over $520 million annually and full time employment of over 11,000 landscape professionals.

Inquire with Jay Deputy at jaydeputy@gmail.com

Happy New Year!

I am sure it’s a bit surprising to you to pick up this issue and discover it’s your last issue.

Take a deep breath. It’s easy to continue to receive the Landscape Hawaii maga-zine. And who would want

to miss the magazine especially with the great issues planned for this year covering the latest trends in turf grass, edible landscaping, sus-tainability, and plant propagation.

You have two options to continue receiving Landscape Hawaii magazine.

Do you love the magazine? Then by all means show it and complete the attached form and become a member! It’s only $30 dollars for a one-year membership and the magazine by itself is a $30 value. The Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii is brimming with youthful energy and 2013 is going to be it’s best yet. Our new board of directors is better than ever and ready to tackle some important issues. It’s a great time to become a member or renew your membership and get involved!

If you want to receive the magazine but do not want to become a member then complete the attached form and mail it. You will continue receiving it and please consider a membership in 2014.

And if you don’t wish to receive the magazine or receive two copies, simply don’t return the attached card. Or if you prefer to receive a digi-tal version sign up for the LICH e-Newsletter at http://eepurl.com/r0O35 and receive bi-monthly emails with links to the latest digital Landscape Hawaii magazine and occasionally a story ahead of the mailed magazine.

Are you a news junkie and want local and na-tional landscape news as it happens, then join the Twitter feed at @LICHnews or “Like” us on Facebook at http://facebook.com/LICH.organi-zation.

Enjoy the issue and keep on reading :)

Chris DacusPresident

phot

o: S

haun

Tok

unag

a

“Do you

Landscape Hawaii magazine?

January 19 – March 31Oahu Permaculture Design CourseVarious Locations on Oahu

January 21 – 24Hawaii Rural Water AssociationBackflow Assembly Tester TrainingPacific Pipe Co., Pearl City

February 20Tree Biology Workshop Dr. Kevin Smith U.S. Forest ServiceMcCoy Pavilion, Honolulu

CaLeNdar OF eveNTs

LandscapeHawaii.org (Check website for details)

Robin Nelson, Golf Course Architect and resident of Hawaii and California passed away on November 19, 2012 in California, with his family by

his side.Robin Nelson had over 35 years of

experience in designing exceptional golf courses all over the world. Originally with the firm Robert Muir Graves in California, Robin moved to the firm Golfplan in 1976 and soon became vice president in charge of Asia.

In 1982, Nelson joined forces with Belt-Collins, the well known Hawaii-based land planning, engineering and landscape architectural firm, to head up their golf design company, which has today become the firm of Nelson and Haworth, which he headed for 18 years. In 2000, he was named “Golf Course Architect of the Year” by Boardroom Magazine and recently was honored by being listed as one of the top ten golf course architects in America by noted golf writer Jeff Williams.

Hawaii Projects include: Bayview Golf Links, Coral Creek G. C. Ewa Beach Inter-

LEGENDARy GoLf CoURSE ARChITECT PASSES AwAy

CARoL KwAN RUNS foR wCISA BoARD

Carol Kwan has accepted the nomination to run for the Western Chapter International Society of Arboriculture (WCISA)

Board. “WCISA covers the states of Arizona, California, Hawaii and Ne-vada. In its 70 years of existence, there has never been anyone from Hawaii elected to the WCISA Board, even though some highly qualified people have run. Garrett Webb came the closest, doing well in the 2012 elections even though he didn’t win. Since he’s become involved in another non-profit and is not interested in running for WCISA in 2013, I have decided to take the plunge and give it a try,” said Carol. “Hawaii needs to be represented on the WCISA Board. I have found someone who is willing to transition

into what I’ve been doing for Aloha Ar-borist Association, so AAA will con-tinue to be a strong organization and I won’t be spread too thin. Hopefully if I’m elected, we

can build an even better relationship between the two organizations.”

Ballots will be mailed out on Febru-ary 15, 2013, and the WCISA elections will be open through March 1, 2013. Online voting will also be available. Current WCISA members, usually Certified Arborists and Certified Tree Workers, are eligible to vote.

“For the WCISA members in Ha-waii, I would greatly appreciate your vote,” Carol added. “Mahalo nui loa.”

Carol Kwan

W H A T S H A p p E N I N G

NEWSlich

Thanks to a Kaulunani grant, Aloha Arborist Association (AAA), Western Chapter International Society of Arboriculture (WCISA), and

Carol Kwan Consulting, the Hawaii State Public Library System (HSPLS) now has the latest Certified Arborist and Certified Tree Worker study materials statewide. Over $1,800 worth of materials, includ-ing study guides, ANSI standards, Best Management Practices, and DVDs, were donated. The materials were distributed to Hawaii State Library, Kapolei Public Library, Lihue Public Library, Kahului Public Library, Hilo Public Library, and Kailua-Kona Public Library, but they can be requested and picked up from any of the 50 HSPLS libraries statewide. Visit librarieshawaii.org and search on keyword “arboriculture” for a complete listing of available materials.

This publications donation was funded in part by Kaulunani, an Urban & Com-munity Forestry Program of the DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife and the USDA Forest Service.

CERTIfIED ARBoRIST & CERTIfIED TREE woRKER STUDy mATERIALS DoNATED To LIBRARIES BY CAroL KwAn THe HawaI‘I RuRaL waTeR

aSSoCIaTIon IS offeRIng a BaCkfLow aSSeMBLy TeSTeR TRaInIng CouRSedaTe: January 21 – 24TIMe: 7:30 am to 4:00 pm WHere: Pacific Pipe Co., 1255 Kuala street in Pearl City, Oahu.

For more information and to enroll in this training course, contact Karrie at karrie@hawaiirwa.org. space is limited to a maximum of 20 participants for this course.

national GC, Kahili GC, Kona CC, Mauna Lani Resort North & South GC, Puakea GC, Royal Kunia CC, The Dunes at Mauna Lani, West Loch GC, and countless renovations at other courses.

ABOVE: Robin Nelson (center) with his design partners Neil Haworth (left) and Brett Mogg (right), November 2009 at the Sheshan Golf Club in Shanghai (HSBC Masters Event). N&H designed Sheshan Golf Club.

February 22Tree Biology WorkshopKevin Smith U.S. Forest ServiceImin Center, Holualoa, Kona

October 10, 2013LICH Conference & TradeshowBlaisdell Exhibition Hall

MAR/APRTheme: Turf Grass & Legislature

Story Deadline: February 8th

MAY/JUNETheme: Edible Landscaping

Story Deadline: April 19th

JUL/AUG Theme: Sustainability & Conservation

Story Deadline: June 14th

UPcOMiNG ISSUES:Tell a great story! Email the editor at chris.dacus@gmail.com.

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 7THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

BIG ISLE LANDSCAPERS AND NURSERYMEN AT HAPUNA | By Ty McDonald

The Hawaii Island Landscape Association (HILA) and UH Cooperative Extension Service recently presented the 3rd Annual Hawaii Island Landscape Management Conference and Tradeshow at the Hapuna Prince Beach Hotel. This popular one-day educational event continues to grow each year attracting over 125 landscapers, nurserymen, arborists and vendors from across the Big Island.

Hawaii Tree Climbing Championship 2012 By Steve Connolly

The 2012 Hawaii Tree Climbing Championship was held on October 6th and 7th at Moanalua Gardens. There were 13 men competing for the title and, for the first time in Hawaii’s history, the women’s contest was competitive as well with two women competitors. Ashlen Aquila was the local cham-pion in the men’s competition and Jamilee Kempton won the women’s title. The overall winner in the men’s race was Jeremy Williams from Arkansas with Ashlen Aquila placing second, Justin Donohue placing third, and Jon Perry placing fourth.

Arbor Day Tree Giveaway By Carol Kwan

Thanks to volunteer Certified Arborists, over 6,000 trees and shrubs, including native species and fruit trees, found new homes at the annual Arbor Day Tree Giveaway held statewide on November 3. The event was sponsored by Hawaiian Electric and Kaulunani Urban and Community Forestry Program.

AAA holds Crane Truck Rigging workshop By Carol Kwan

Aloha Arborist Association held a Crane Truck Rigging workshop on October 8 at Ho‘omaluhia Botanical Garden. About 50 people attended the lectures on choker types, history, and standards governing the use of cranes, with demonstrations of crane rigging and removal techniques. Mahalo to the C&C of Honolulu for their assistance.

HANDS ON WITH KAUAI’S NATIVE PLANTS | By Amanda Skelton

On September 22, Kauai Native Plant Society (KNPS) hosted a work-day at Makauwahi Cave Reserve (MCR) in Poipu. Approximately 25 volunteers showed up to remove invasive plants and replant native species. Volunteers were given a tour of the sinkhole in order to learn about the archeology and natural history of this inspiring restoration project.

KAUA‘I’S ARBOR DAY: BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE ENVIRONMENT | By Amanda Skelton

On November 3rd, the Kaua‘i Landscape Industry Council hosted its 7th annual Arbor Day Plant Giveaway with more than 700 people in attendance. Hawaiian native plants were given away including A‘ali‘i, Koki‘o ke‘oke‘o, Pokelakela, Koaia, Alahe‘e, Maile, Kulu‘i, and Ohia Lehua, and “canoe plants” such as Ti, and ‘Awa. Volunteers included Kaua‘i Nursery and Landscaping, the National Tropical Botanical Garden, Garden Island Growers, Alaka‘i Landscapers, the Kaua‘i Invasive Species Committee, Kokio‘ula Nursery, and Keep it Native. Mahalo to DLNR’s Kaulunani Urban Community and Forestry Program for providing the financial support needed to make this annual event such a popular and educational opportunity for the community.

Volunteers form a chain to pass plants and tools into the sinkhole.

Photo by Keren Gundersen

The Kauai Forest Bird Recovery Project shares information with the public.

Vern Gutinez ringing the hand saw station on the work climb.

Photos by David Leonard

Hawaii women’s champion, Jamilee Kempton, dives for the flag in the Masters Challenge.

Photo by Erin Lee

Kalapana Tropicals orchids on display.

Photo by Carol Kwan

Waylen Rodrigues, Gary Abrojena, and Jared Abrojena answer questions at the end of the demonstration.

Photos by David Leonard

Photos by Keren Gundersen

The area around an existing Lonomea

(Sapindus oahuensis) is prepared to make room

for native plants.

6 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013

For more event photographs, visit our Facebook page at:

W H A T S H A p p E N I N G

GALLERYevent

www.facebook.com/LiCH.organization

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 7THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

BIG ISLE LANDSCAPERS AND NURSERYMEN AT HAPUNA | By Ty McDonald

The Hawaii Island Landscape Association (HILA) and UH Cooperative Extension Service recently presented the 3rd Annual Hawaii Island Landscape Management Conference and Tradeshow at the Hapuna Prince Beach Hotel. This popular one-day educational event continues to grow each year attracting over 125 landscapers, nurserymen, arborists and vendors from across the Big Island.

Hawaii Tree Climbing Championship 2012 By Steve Connolly

The 2012 Hawaii Tree Climbing Championship was held on October 6th and 7th at Moanalua Gardens. There were 13 men competing for the title and, for the first time in Hawaii’s history, the women’s contest was competitive as well with two women competitors. Ashlen Aquila was the local cham-pion in the men’s competition and Jamilee Kempton won the women’s title. The overall winner in the men’s race was Jeremy Williams from Arkansas with Ashlen Aquila placing second, Justin Donohue placing third, and Jon Perry placing fourth.

Arbor Day Tree Giveaway By Carol Kwan

Thanks to volunteer Certified Arborists, over 6,000 trees and shrubs, including native species and fruit trees, found new homes at the annual Arbor Day Tree Giveaway held statewide on November 3. The event was sponsored by Hawaiian Electric and Kaulunani Urban and Community Forestry Program.

AAA holds Crane Truck Rigging workshop By Carol Kwan

Aloha Arborist Association held a Crane Truck Rigging workshop on October 8 at Ho‘omaluhia Botanical Garden. About 50 people attended the lectures on choker types, history, and standards governing the use of cranes, with demonstrations of crane rigging and removal techniques. Mahalo to the C&C of Honolulu for their assistance.

HANDS ON WITH KAUAI’S NATIVE PLANTS | By Amanda Skelton

On September 22, Kauai Native Plant Society (KNPS) hosted a work-day at Makauwahi Cave Reserve (MCR) in Poipu. Approximately 25 volunteers showed up to remove invasive plants and replant native species. Volunteers were given a tour of the sinkhole in order to learn about the archeology and natural history of this inspiring restoration project.

KAUA‘I’S ARBOR DAY: BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE ENVIRONMENT | By Amanda Skelton

On November 3rd, the Kaua‘i Landscape Industry Council hosted its 7th annual Arbor Day Plant Giveaway with more than 700 people in attendance. Hawaiian native plants were given away including A‘ali‘i, Koki‘o ke‘oke‘o, Pokelakela, Koaia, Alahe‘e, Maile, Kulu‘i, and Ohia Lehua, and “canoe plants” such as Ti, and ‘Awa. Volunteers included Kaua‘i Nursery and Landscaping, the National Tropical Botanical Garden, Garden Island Growers, Alaka‘i Landscapers, the Kaua‘i Invasive Species Committee, Kokio‘ula Nursery, and Keep it Native. Mahalo to DLNR’s Kaulunani Urban Community and Forestry Program for providing the financial support needed to make this annual event such a popular and educational opportunity for the community.

Volunteers form a chain to pass plants and tools into the sinkhole.

Photo by Keren Gundersen

The Kauai Forest Bird Recovery Project shares information with the public.

Vern Gutinez ringing the hand saw station on the work climb.

Photos by David Leonard

Hawaii women’s champion, Jamilee Kempton, dives for the flag in the Masters Challenge.

Photo by Erin Lee

Kalapana Tropicals orchids on display.

Photo by Carol Kwan

Waylen Rodrigues, Gary Abrojena, and Jared Abrojena answer questions at the end of the demonstration.

Photos by David Leonard

Photos by Keren Gundersen

The area around an existing Lonomea

(Sapindus oahuensis) is prepared to make room

for native plants.

6 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013

For more event photographs, visit our Facebook page at:

W H A T S H A p p E N I N G

GALLERYevent

www.facebook.com/LiCH.organization

8 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 9THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

803 Mapunapuna Street, Honolulu, HI 96819-2086

TEL (808) 833-4567 FAX (808) 833-9346 hiscosales.com

The proven leader in smart water management.

Public Works, Irrigation and Landscape Supplies

Hisco is the only authorized irrigation distributor of both Hunter and Rain Bird on

the islands, as well as your distributor for WeatherTRAK controllers and Atlantic

water gardens for pond products. Your one-stop shopping solution with our

complete line of Best fertilizer, Echo & Shindaiwa power equipment, landscape

lighting by FX Lighting, Vista Lighting and Auroralight. Our extensive inventory is

available to supply large or small projects. We deliver with same day delivery on

Oahu or shipping to the outer islands. Contact our friendly staff today!

LICH Conference & Tradeshow | By Chris Dacus

Over 150 landscape professionals attended the Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii’s annual conference and tradeshow held on October 25 at the Blaisdell Exhibition Hall. A big mahalo to all the speakers for their time and expertise, and a special thank you to the sponsors; HISCO, Rainbird and Kyoya Hotels & Resorts. Mark your calendar for next year’s conference on October 10, 2013.

Photo courtesy Heidi Bornhorst

Heidi Bornhorst and Kauhane

Kawananakoa Middle School revisited By Carol Kwan

In May 2011, students and industry leaders representing the green industry planted 24 native trees on the Kawananakoa Middle School campus, thanks to the efforts of Lester Inouye & Associates and a Kaulunani Urban & Community Forestry Program grant. On October 31 the school’s Native Hawaiian Arboretum was officially dedicated.

Photo by Carol Kwan

Alapaki Luke (left) who performed the blessing and Lester Inouye (right), Landscape Architect.

8 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 9THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

803 Mapunapuna Street, Honolulu, HI 96819-2086

TEL (808) 833-4567 FAX (808) 833-9346 hiscosales.com

The proven leader in smart water management.

Public Works, Irrigation and Landscape Supplies

Hisco is the only authorized irrigation distributor of both Hunter and Rain Bird on

the islands, as well as your distributor for WeatherTRAK controllers and Atlantic

water gardens for pond products. Your one-stop shopping solution with our

complete line of Best fertilizer, Echo & Shindaiwa power equipment, landscape

lighting by FX Lighting, Vista Lighting and Auroralight. Our extensive inventory is

available to supply large or small projects. We deliver with same day delivery on

Oahu or shipping to the outer islands. Contact our friendly staff today!

LICH Conference & Tradeshow | By Chris Dacus

Over 150 landscape professionals attended the Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii’s annual conference and tradeshow held on October 25 at the Blaisdell Exhibition Hall. A big mahalo to all the speakers for their time and expertise, and a special thank you to the sponsors; HISCO, Rainbird and Kyoya Hotels & Resorts. Mark your calendar for next year’s conference on October 10, 2013.

Photo courtesy Heidi Bornhorst

Heidi Bornhorst and Kauhane

Kawananakoa Middle School revisited By Carol Kwan

In May 2011, students and industry leaders representing the green industry planted 24 native trees on the Kawananakoa Middle School campus, thanks to the efforts of Lester Inouye & Associates and a Kaulunani Urban & Community Forestry Program grant. On October 31 the school’s Native Hawaiian Arboretum was officially dedicated.

Photo by Carol Kwan

Alapaki Luke (left) who performed the blessing and Lester Inouye (right), Landscape Architect.

10 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 11THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

Key conceptsA landscape filled with strong, long-lived

trees is most easily achieved when appro-priate species selection and placement are combined with high-quality, arborist-friendly nursery stock (Figure 1), good planting tech-niques, and appropriate follow-up pruning. This article describes key concepts and an approach to pruning that promotes a sound tree structure that resists failure, provides clearance, and improves aesthetics while promoting long life.

From training young trees to managing mature ones, structural pruning to guide and manage tree architecture should be the primary goal each time a tree is pruned. Removing or subordinating defective parts of a tree allows other parts to grow larger, which promotes the formation of a stable structure and attractive form. A well-structured tree is aesthetically pleasing, preserves the crown as it grows larger, is long-lived, and provides benefits at low cost (Figure 2). Poor tree struc-ture or poor branch structure can be costly, leading to failure and early tree removal.

Structural pruning in the landscape has two primary goals: to develop and maintain a single dominant trunk with smaller branches distributed horizontally and vertically around it; and to reduce the likelihood of tree failure caused by defects in structure and poor weight distribution. Large trees are structur-ally sound when they are trained to maintain branches more-or-less smaller than about 1/2 the diameter of the trunk (Figure 2). Trees with branches smaller than half the diameter of the leader, and trees with branches spaced along the leader or trunk, are stronger than trees with large-diameter branches clustered together originating from one position on the trunk. Vigorous, upright branches that compete with, grow parallel to, or replace

estimated amount of foliage or buds removed during pruning compared with the total amount on the tree prior to pruning. The ANSI A300 Standard recommends a pruning dose of less than 25% at any one year; however, this represents an average of trees across all ages and health. Healthier and younger trees tolerate much greater amounts of live branch removal than do mature or unhealthy trees. Large doses are necessary on certain branches or sections of the crown to improve structure or to reduce risk of failure. For example, about 60 to 70% of the foliage and buds on a young to medium-aged tree may be removed from a large codominant branch to subordinate it. Pruning a branch slows growth on that branch in proportion to the pruning dose and directs future growth by invigorating parts of the tree that were not pruned. Other portions of the tree may be lightly thinned in order to mechanically or visually balance the tree to improve aesthetics.

A large pruning dose can cause many hardwoods to generate sprouts from latent buds and adventitious points throughout the crown, but many grow from points near prun-ing cuts. Sugars and other growth substances generated by sprouts help the tree resist decay behind pruning wounds. These substances also help replace the stored energy removed with the live wood, thus sprouting is an ex-pected and normal condition when structural pruning. The growth rate of the most vigorous sprouts can be subsequently suppressed by reducing and removing them where necessary

to prevent them from interfering with other branches and with each other. Less-vigorous sprouts should be retained to help the tree slow the development of decay behind the pruning cut. Resist the temptation to remove sprouts entirely because they are an asset to a structurally pruned tree.

Trees can become a more sustainable resource when they are trained with struc-tural pruning. Long-lived trees appropriately placed in the landscape provide appreciable benefits to urban and suburban landscapes. Training young and medium-aged trees to a dominant leader with smaller-diameter branches is the most reliable method of devel-oping a sustainable tree structure. Maintain-ing this basic structure throughout the life of the tree minimizes risk of failure and provides for large, structurally sound trees. Although methods other than structural pruning can be used on trees, none help train and guide the tree into an improved in branch structure.

Further reading: See An Illustrated Guide to Pruning, Third edition (2012) by E. F. Gilman, Delmar Cengage Learning, Inc., 476 pgs. for a comprehensive resource for tree pruning.

Edward F. Gilman is a professor of Urban Trees & Landscape Plants at the University of Florida Environmental Horticulture Department. Brian Kempf is a director at the Urban Tree Foundation. Nelda Matheny is the founder and President of HortScience, Inc. and Jim Clark is the Vice President of HortScience, Inc.

the leader often become a major part of the crown and may be weakly attached (Figure 3). These should be the focus of pruning efforts early (first 30- to 40 years) in the tree’s life.

One of the most important applications of pruning is subordinating codominant branches (reducing their length) that com-pete with the central leader to create a single large trunk for 20 to 30 feet or more (see Figure 2). However, it is common for tree crowns to be raised by removing only small interior and low lateral branches. This prac-tice fails to address the poor structure in the largest branches. As a result, large branches

grow up at a steep angle into the permanent crown in a manner not seen in most trees growing in their native habitat. These trees take on a low-branched codominant form in which aggressive upright-sweeping branches become susceptible to cracking or breaking as they grow long and heavy. In some species, these branches may grow quite large, sag, and interfere with people and structures, requiring removal. Trees pruned as those in Figure 3 can ultimately lose large sections of their crowns, which leads to reduced aes-thetic value, increased cost of management, trunk decay, and shortened life.

The Structural Approach to Pruning

Other than for clearance of obstructed views, much of the pruning that is performed today accomplishes little or nothing of merit to the property owner or the tree. Unfor-tunately, this approach wastes money by removing the wrong branches. The primary focus when pruning landscape trees should be to reduce conditions that contribute to weakness and to prepare the tree for removal of low branches. Established older trees in urban landscapes should be pruned primarily to reduce risk, preserve a tree structure that boosts amenity values, provide clearance, and improve the aesthetic value of the property. Achieving these objectives requires different pruning strategies for trees of different species, life stages, and sizes.

There are three basic steps to developing and maintaining a dominant leader.

■ The first step is to identify the branch or stem that will make the best trunk. It should be among the largest in diameter and in the center of the crown (but it does not have to be straight), and free of cracks, openings, mechanical damage, large pruning wounds, inclusions, cankers, or other defects that could compromise its strength.

■ The second step is to identify the branches that are competing with this branch (i.e., those with a large aspect ratio, i.e. those that are large relative to the trunk).

■ The final step is to remove competing branches back to the trunk or subordinate them with a reduction cut, or a combination of both. Remove and/or reduce some branches that are clustered together and growing from the same point on the trunk.

Establishing the Central Leader. In struc-tural pruning, only the parts of the crown that contribute to weakness are pruned, in order to direct future growth into one leader (Figures 4 and 5). Structural pruning redistrib-utes mass within the crown by subordinating or removing branches that compete with the leader or have inclusions, reducing aggressive or long branches, and thinning uncharacter-istically dense clumps of branches high in the tree. Rather than a one-time event, structural pruning should be thought of as a process that trains and improves tree structure over a period of time. In this sense, it is like raising a child.

Other pruning methods on established trees, including crown cleaning (removing dead, touching, infested branches), thinning, reducing, and raising, can be applied accord-ing to desired objectives, while considering current structure, health, size, location in the landscape, species, presence of stress condi-tions, and other factors. A single pruning method need not be applied uniformly to the entire tree. For example, one side of a crown can be reduced to relieve a structural weak-ness, and the other side can be raised for clear-ance or thinned to balance the crown.

Pruning Dose. The pruning dose is the

STRUCTURAL PRUNING

ShADE TREES

Tree has good structure with a dominant leader after making about 6 reduction and removal cuts.

Arborist is ready to make a reduction cut on a codominant stem (left stem) that is competing with the leader (right stem).

BY edwArd f. GiLmAn, BriAn Kempf, Jim CLArK, And neLdA mATHenY

NOTE FROM STEVE NIMZ: The majority of tropical trees in Hawaii are decurrent (multiple main structural branching), such as Monkeypods, Ficus, Mango, Lychee, Kamani, Kukui, etc. Decurrent trees with natural branching and “U” shaped crotches are sound healthy trees. Tropical excurrent trees include: Eucalyptus and Cook Pines. Always be aware of included bark with tight “V” shaped crotches.

10 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 11THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

Key conceptsA landscape filled with strong, long-lived

trees is most easily achieved when appro-priate species selection and placement are combined with high-quality, arborist-friendly nursery stock (Figure 1), good planting tech-niques, and appropriate follow-up pruning. This article describes key concepts and an approach to pruning that promotes a sound tree structure that resists failure, provides clearance, and improves aesthetics while promoting long life.

From training young trees to managing mature ones, structural pruning to guide and manage tree architecture should be the primary goal each time a tree is pruned. Removing or subordinating defective parts of a tree allows other parts to grow larger, which promotes the formation of a stable structure and attractive form. A well-structured tree is aesthetically pleasing, preserves the crown as it grows larger, is long-lived, and provides benefits at low cost (Figure 2). Poor tree struc-ture or poor branch structure can be costly, leading to failure and early tree removal.

Structural pruning in the landscape has two primary goals: to develop and maintain a single dominant trunk with smaller branches distributed horizontally and vertically around it; and to reduce the likelihood of tree failure caused by defects in structure and poor weight distribution. Large trees are structur-ally sound when they are trained to maintain branches more-or-less smaller than about 1/2 the diameter of the trunk (Figure 2). Trees with branches smaller than half the diameter of the leader, and trees with branches spaced along the leader or trunk, are stronger than trees with large-diameter branches clustered together originating from one position on the trunk. Vigorous, upright branches that compete with, grow parallel to, or replace

estimated amount of foliage or buds removed during pruning compared with the total amount on the tree prior to pruning. The ANSI A300 Standard recommends a pruning dose of less than 25% at any one year; however, this represents an average of trees across all ages and health. Healthier and younger trees tolerate much greater amounts of live branch removal than do mature or unhealthy trees. Large doses are necessary on certain branches or sections of the crown to improve structure or to reduce risk of failure. For example, about 60 to 70% of the foliage and buds on a young to medium-aged tree may be removed from a large codominant branch to subordinate it. Pruning a branch slows growth on that branch in proportion to the pruning dose and directs future growth by invigorating parts of the tree that were not pruned. Other portions of the tree may be lightly thinned in order to mechanically or visually balance the tree to improve aesthetics.

A large pruning dose can cause many hardwoods to generate sprouts from latent buds and adventitious points throughout the crown, but many grow from points near prun-ing cuts. Sugars and other growth substances generated by sprouts help the tree resist decay behind pruning wounds. These substances also help replace the stored energy removed with the live wood, thus sprouting is an ex-pected and normal condition when structural pruning. The growth rate of the most vigorous sprouts can be subsequently suppressed by reducing and removing them where necessary

to prevent them from interfering with other branches and with each other. Less-vigorous sprouts should be retained to help the tree slow the development of decay behind the pruning cut. Resist the temptation to remove sprouts entirely because they are an asset to a structurally pruned tree.

Trees can become a more sustainable resource when they are trained with struc-tural pruning. Long-lived trees appropriately placed in the landscape provide appreciable benefits to urban and suburban landscapes. Training young and medium-aged trees to a dominant leader with smaller-diameter branches is the most reliable method of devel-oping a sustainable tree structure. Maintain-ing this basic structure throughout the life of the tree minimizes risk of failure and provides for large, structurally sound trees. Although methods other than structural pruning can be used on trees, none help train and guide the tree into an improved in branch structure.

Further reading: See An Illustrated Guide to Pruning, Third edition (2012) by E. F. Gilman, Delmar Cengage Learning, Inc., 476 pgs. for a comprehensive resource for tree pruning.

Edward F. Gilman is a professor of Urban Trees & Landscape Plants at the University of Florida Environmental Horticulture Department. Brian Kempf is a director at the Urban Tree Foundation. Nelda Matheny is the founder and President of HortScience, Inc. and Jim Clark is the Vice President of HortScience, Inc.

the leader often become a major part of the crown and may be weakly attached (Figure 3). These should be the focus of pruning efforts early (first 30- to 40 years) in the tree’s life.

One of the most important applications of pruning is subordinating codominant branches (reducing their length) that com-pete with the central leader to create a single large trunk for 20 to 30 feet or more (see Figure 2). However, it is common for tree crowns to be raised by removing only small interior and low lateral branches. This prac-tice fails to address the poor structure in the largest branches. As a result, large branches

grow up at a steep angle into the permanent crown in a manner not seen in most trees growing in their native habitat. These trees take on a low-branched codominant form in which aggressive upright-sweeping branches become susceptible to cracking or breaking as they grow long and heavy. In some species, these branches may grow quite large, sag, and interfere with people and structures, requiring removal. Trees pruned as those in Figure 3 can ultimately lose large sections of their crowns, which leads to reduced aes-thetic value, increased cost of management, trunk decay, and shortened life.

The Structural Approach to Pruning

Other than for clearance of obstructed views, much of the pruning that is performed today accomplishes little or nothing of merit to the property owner or the tree. Unfor-tunately, this approach wastes money by removing the wrong branches. The primary focus when pruning landscape trees should be to reduce conditions that contribute to weakness and to prepare the tree for removal of low branches. Established older trees in urban landscapes should be pruned primarily to reduce risk, preserve a tree structure that boosts amenity values, provide clearance, and improve the aesthetic value of the property. Achieving these objectives requires different pruning strategies for trees of different species, life stages, and sizes.

There are three basic steps to developing and maintaining a dominant leader.

■ The first step is to identify the branch or stem that will make the best trunk. It should be among the largest in diameter and in the center of the crown (but it does not have to be straight), and free of cracks, openings, mechanical damage, large pruning wounds, inclusions, cankers, or other defects that could compromise its strength.

■ The second step is to identify the branches that are competing with this branch (i.e., those with a large aspect ratio, i.e. those that are large relative to the trunk).

■ The final step is to remove competing branches back to the trunk or subordinate them with a reduction cut, or a combination of both. Remove and/or reduce some branches that are clustered together and growing from the same point on the trunk.

Establishing the Central Leader. In struc-tural pruning, only the parts of the crown that contribute to weakness are pruned, in order to direct future growth into one leader (Figures 4 and 5). Structural pruning redistrib-utes mass within the crown by subordinating or removing branches that compete with the leader or have inclusions, reducing aggressive or long branches, and thinning uncharacter-istically dense clumps of branches high in the tree. Rather than a one-time event, structural pruning should be thought of as a process that trains and improves tree structure over a period of time. In this sense, it is like raising a child.

Other pruning methods on established trees, including crown cleaning (removing dead, touching, infested branches), thinning, reducing, and raising, can be applied accord-ing to desired objectives, while considering current structure, health, size, location in the landscape, species, presence of stress condi-tions, and other factors. A single pruning method need not be applied uniformly to the entire tree. For example, one side of a crown can be reduced to relieve a structural weak-ness, and the other side can be raised for clear-ance or thinned to balance the crown.

Pruning Dose. The pruning dose is the

STRUCTURAL PRUNING

ShADE TREES

Tree has good structure with a dominant leader after making about 6 reduction and removal cuts.

Arborist is ready to make a reduction cut on a codominant stem (left stem) that is competing with the leader (right stem).

BY edwArd f. GiLmAn, BriAn Kempf, Jim CLArK, And neLdA mATHenY

NOTE FROM STEVE NIMZ: The majority of tropical trees in Hawaii are decurrent (multiple main structural branching), such as Monkeypods, Ficus, Mango, Lychee, Kamani, Kukui, etc. Decurrent trees with natural branching and “U” shaped crotches are sound healthy trees. Tropical excurrent trees include: Eucalyptus and Cook Pines. Always be aware of included bark with tight “V” shaped crotches.

12 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 13THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

The only rainforest zoo in the United States is located just outside of Hilo off of the Volcano Highway (Hwy 11.) As unique as the animals are, another attraction is the

collection of over 150 species of palms that have been planted by the Hawaii Island Palm Society (HIPS.)

With the goal of educating HIPS members and the general public (even landscape archi-tects) about palms, it seemed that having a se-cure, garden display of a large variety of palms with easy access was a good way to accomplish this aim. With zoo management support, the planting project started in the late 1980's. The first HIPS volunteers soon discovered that

digging the holes by hand in the lava flows was slow, tedious work. But work proceeded, planting a few palms at a time over the years.

In 1995, HIPS was able to ease back pain via backhoe support to expedite the hole digging. With the aid of three grants over 4 years we made great strides in planting a wide variety of palms. Since then, planting still continues, but the original plantings are mature and setting seed!

The zoo is a great place to see what 4 inch seedling palms will eventually look like and to see different varieties of palms to use in landscapes. There are palms planted in the full sun, part sun and full shade. Large palms, small palms and everything in between. Mass plantings include 33 Wodyetia bifurcata (Foxtail Palm) planted on each side of the road on the entry drive into the zoo, 13 Cyrtostachys renda (Red Sealing Wax Palm) line the main walkway just inside the zoo and 22 majestic Arenga undulatifolia used to hide the back fence line. Some palms are located near the walkways or in plain view in the lawn areas, others may be discovered by exploring in the rainforest.

Don’t Miss the Palms at Hilo’s Pana‘ewa Rainforest Zoo and Gardens

hILo Zoo'SPALmS BY KAren pierCY

Notice the lush growth of the Normanbya normanbyi on the right side of the walk compared to those on the left. The ones on the right demonstrate the benefit of planting these palms in a mostly shaded position.

Dypsis decipiens is a clumping palm with only 3-5 stems, and powdery, white crownshafts. Although this spec-imen is in part shade, it does well in full sun – a living “sculpture” in the land-scape.

The Chamaerops humilis is a stunning, clumping, fan palm and a lover of full sun. It is a slow growing palm in Ha-waii. There is also a silver leaf variety, var. argentea, available to add contrast in a garden.

ABOVE: Double coconut fruits developing at Foster Botanical Garden

RIGHT: Singapore Botanic Gardens staff collects male flowers/pollen

A complete listing of the palms that may be seen at the zoo is on a “palm map” avail-able to download from the HIPS website. The map includes a list of the species planted and their location in the zoo. The HIPS website is: www.hawaiiislandpalmsociety.com. The map is located under “Upcoming Events” on the Home Page.

The web site also has a list of palm nurseries owned by HIPS members on the Big Island, including LICH's own Garrett Webb on the Kona side. Several of the nurseries have web-sites listed, where more photos of palms can be found! The list is located on the Home Page under “Resources.” Information on how to join the Hawaii Island Palm Society is also available.

Directions to the zoo may be found at the zoo website: www.hilozoo.com.

Karen Piercy and her husband, Dean, are HIPS Zoo Project Coordinators and long time members of the International Palm Society and the Hawaii Island Palm Society.

W I N N I E S I N G E O

COLUMNpalms

The double coconut or Coco-De-Mer (Lodoicea maldivica) is not a palm one would expect to see in the Hawai‘i landscape.

However, it is just the sort of plant one does expect to see in a botanical garden, primarily, because of its rarity. Endem-ic to the islands of Praslin and Curieuse in the Seychelles, this palm is listed as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.

Foster Botanical Garden (FBG) is fortunate to have two double coconut palms, which were received as gifts in 1937. Now 75 years old, garden records indicate that the slow-growing palms, both females, have been producing flowers for at least the past 30 years. However, since there are no pollen-bearing male double coconut palms in Hawai‘i, no fruits were ever produced. Flowering over the years was an exercise in futility.

That all changed one year ago, when FBG received pollen collected from a male double coconut palm growing at Singapore Botanic Gardens (SBG). Knowing that FBG lacked a source of fresh pollen, Dr. George Staples, a former botanist at Bishop Museum, and currently senior researcher at SBG, received approval to share his garden’s pollen with us.

Timing was critical. Female flowers are thought to be receptive for only a few hours, up to possibly a day or two. Pollen from the males is also thought to have a short period of viability, which can be extended through refrigeration and low humidity conditions.

When one of FBG’s female palms produced a flowering spike, a daily watch commenced to determine the optimal time to pollinate the flowers. George was notified, and SBG staff sprang into action. Male palms can grow to a dizzying height of 90 ft., and male flowers/pollen collection at SBG required the use of a bucket lift.

Fortunately, female double coconut palms are generally not as tall as the males. As soon as the pollen was delivered, all that was required at FBG was a ladder to reach and hand-pollinate the female flowers. Then, we waited and watched.

Two months later, SBG confirmed through photos that a single flower had been success-fully pollinated, and a fruit was developing!

The success was repeated another two months later, when flowers from a second flowering spike were pollinated using refriger-ated pollen. This second spike resulted in several more developing fruits.

Some amazing facts about the double coco-nut: it can live up to an age of 350 years old; the fruit takes 5 to 7 years to develop on the palm; each fruit can weigh 50 pounds or more, and the seed produced is the largest in the plant king-

dom. Technically, it’s the world’s largest nut!Thanks to Singapore Botanic Gardens

administration and staff’s enthusiasm and generosity in sharing pollen and valuable expertise, Foster Botanical Garden’s dream of having double coconut fruits developing in Hawai‘i is being realized. Working together, our botanical gardens are helping to conserve and protect this unique plant species.

Winnie Singeo is the Director of the Honolulu Botanical Gardens.

foSTER BoTANICAL GARDEN’S

DoUBLECoCoNUT

Phot

o: W

inni

e S

inge

o

Phot

os: K

aren

Pie

rcy

Photo: Dr. George Staples

12 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 13THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

The only rainforest zoo in the United States is located just outside of Hilo off of the Volcano Highway (Hwy 11.) As unique as the animals are, another attraction is the

collection of over 150 species of palms that have been planted by the Hawaii Island Palm Society (HIPS.)

With the goal of educating HIPS members and the general public (even landscape archi-tects) about palms, it seemed that having a se-cure, garden display of a large variety of palms with easy access was a good way to accomplish this aim. With zoo management support, the planting project started in the late 1980's. The first HIPS volunteers soon discovered that

digging the holes by hand in the lava flows was slow, tedious work. But work proceeded, planting a few palms at a time over the years.

In 1995, HIPS was able to ease back pain via backhoe support to expedite the hole digging. With the aid of three grants over 4 years we made great strides in planting a wide variety of palms. Since then, planting still continues, but the original plantings are mature and setting seed!

The zoo is a great place to see what 4 inch seedling palms will eventually look like and to see different varieties of palms to use in landscapes. There are palms planted in the full sun, part sun and full shade. Large palms, small palms and everything in between. Mass plantings include 33 Wodyetia bifurcata (Foxtail Palm) planted on each side of the road on the entry drive into the zoo, 13 Cyrtostachys renda (Red Sealing Wax Palm) line the main walkway just inside the zoo and 22 majestic Arenga undulatifolia used to hide the back fence line. Some palms are located near the walkways or in plain view in the lawn areas, others may be discovered by exploring in the rainforest.

Don’t Miss the Palms at Hilo’s Pana‘ewa Rainforest Zoo and Gardens

hILo Zoo'SPALmS BY KAren pierCY

Notice the lush growth of the Normanbya normanbyi on the right side of the walk compared to those on the left. The ones on the right demonstrate the benefit of planting these palms in a mostly shaded position.

Dypsis decipiens is a clumping palm with only 3-5 stems, and powdery, white crownshafts. Although this spec-imen is in part shade, it does well in full sun – a living “sculpture” in the land-scape.

The Chamaerops humilis is a stunning, clumping, fan palm and a lover of full sun. It is a slow growing palm in Ha-waii. There is also a silver leaf variety, var. argentea, available to add contrast in a garden.

ABOVE: Double coconut fruits developing at Foster Botanical Garden

RIGHT: Singapore Botanic Gardens staff collects male flowers/pollen

A complete listing of the palms that may be seen at the zoo is on a “palm map” avail-able to download from the HIPS website. The map includes a list of the species planted and their location in the zoo. The HIPS website is: www.hawaiiislandpalmsociety.com. The map is located under “Upcoming Events” on the Home Page.

The web site also has a list of palm nurseries owned by HIPS members on the Big Island, including LICH's own Garrett Webb on the Kona side. Several of the nurseries have web-sites listed, where more photos of palms can be found! The list is located on the Home Page under “Resources.” Information on how to join the Hawaii Island Palm Society is also available.

Directions to the zoo may be found at the zoo website: www.hilozoo.com.

Karen Piercy and her husband, Dean, are HIPS Zoo Project Coordinators and long time members of the International Palm Society and the Hawaii Island Palm Society.

W I N N I E S I N G E O

COLUMNpalms

The double coconut or Coco-De-Mer (Lodoicea maldivica) is not a palm one would expect to see in the Hawai‘i landscape.

However, it is just the sort of plant one does expect to see in a botanical garden, primarily, because of its rarity. Endem-ic to the islands of Praslin and Curieuse in the Seychelles, this palm is listed as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.

Foster Botanical Garden (FBG) is fortunate to have two double coconut palms, which were received as gifts in 1937. Now 75 years old, garden records indicate that the slow-growing palms, both females, have been producing flowers for at least the past 30 years. However, since there are no pollen-bearing male double coconut palms in Hawai‘i, no fruits were ever produced. Flowering over the years was an exercise in futility.

That all changed one year ago, when FBG received pollen collected from a male double coconut palm growing at Singapore Botanic Gardens (SBG). Knowing that FBG lacked a source of fresh pollen, Dr. George Staples, a former botanist at Bishop Museum, and currently senior researcher at SBG, received approval to share his garden’s pollen with us.

Timing was critical. Female flowers are thought to be receptive for only a few hours, up to possibly a day or two. Pollen from the males is also thought to have a short period of viability, which can be extended through refrigeration and low humidity conditions.

When one of FBG’s female palms produced a flowering spike, a daily watch commenced to determine the optimal time to pollinate the flowers. George was notified, and SBG staff sprang into action. Male palms can grow to a dizzying height of 90 ft., and male flowers/pollen collection at SBG required the use of a bucket lift.

Fortunately, female double coconut palms are generally not as tall as the males. As soon as the pollen was delivered, all that was required at FBG was a ladder to reach and hand-pollinate the female flowers. Then, we waited and watched.

Two months later, SBG confirmed through photos that a single flower had been success-fully pollinated, and a fruit was developing!

The success was repeated another two months later, when flowers from a second flowering spike were pollinated using refriger-ated pollen. This second spike resulted in several more developing fruits.

Some amazing facts about the double coco-nut: it can live up to an age of 350 years old; the fruit takes 5 to 7 years to develop on the palm; each fruit can weigh 50 pounds or more, and the seed produced is the largest in the plant king-

dom. Technically, it’s the world’s largest nut!Thanks to Singapore Botanic Gardens

administration and staff’s enthusiasm and generosity in sharing pollen and valuable expertise, Foster Botanical Garden’s dream of having double coconut fruits developing in Hawai‘i is being realized. Working together, our botanical gardens are helping to conserve and protect this unique plant species.

Winnie Singeo is the Director of the Honolulu Botanical Gardens.

foSTER BoTANICAL GARDEN’S

DoUBLECoCoNUT

Phot

o: W

inni

e S

inge

o

Phot

os: K

aren

Pie

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Photo: Dr. George Staples

14 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 15THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

Glossary:Perennial—a plant that in nature lives for more than two years

Biosynthesis—the work of cells to produce complex chemical from simpler starting materials

Apical—refers to the growing tip of roots and shoots

Meristem—unspecialized plant cells that divide to form new cells

Vascular system—specialized cells to transport water and nutrients

Xylem—specialized “plumbing” cells that transport primarily water and dissolved minerals

Phloem—specialized “plumbing” cells that transport primarily sugar and other organic materials

Dicots—flowering plants with two embryonic leaves in the seed including magnolias, legumes, and roses

Monocots—flowering plants with one embryonic leaf in the seed including palms, lilies, and orchids

Vascular cambium—the meristem beneath the bark of woody dicots that encircles the roots, stems, and, branches

Ground tissue—the cellular matrix formed by the apical meristem

Vascular bundle—discrete assem-blies of xylem, phloem, and fibers

Lignification—a complex chemi-cal compound that strengthen cell walls of both monocots and dicots

Petioles—the “leaf stem” which in palms is inserted into the leaf or frond sheath that encircles the stem

Palms are real, but are they re-ally trees? The answer depends on definitions. As usually tall, perennial plants with roots, stems, and leaves, palms seem to qualify. Palms should also qualify

because arborists care for them, and arborists care for trees, right? My introduction to botany class defined trees as plants that produce wood. Unraveling the question of whether palms are trees helps explain how the diverse plants in our landscape develop and thrive.

Whether a green plant is a single-celled alga, a stately Koa (Figure 1), or a native palm

(Figure 2), each plant cell has a cell wall and at least some of those plant cells contain the biological processes to convert solar energy into the chemical energy of the chemical bonds of sugar. That sugar is then used either as fuel or as a feedstock for the biosynthesis of many different organic compounds in the plant.

In current botanical thinking, a small multi-celled fresh-water green alga was the forerun-ner of today’s green landscape plants that include palms and trees. As green plants colo-nized the land, the ability to resist drying and to compete for sunlight granted a big advan-tage. Plants that were just a little bit taller were

able to escape the shade of their neighbors and to acquire more energy for further growth. Mosses were more sophisticated than algae and concentrated their cells capable of division and growth into specific regions or meristems at the apex or tip of the shoot. Primary growth or tip growth is produced by the apical meristem. Even with an apical meristem for height growth, exploitation of sunlight is limited because the moss cells need to be close to a continuous source of moisture.

Ferns are less limited in height growth because of a specialized plumbing or vascular system that contains xylem and phloem. Xylem

consists of various types of cells including thick-walled piping that at maturity contains no living contents but can efficiently conduct water and dissolved mineral elements. Phloem also consists of several types of cells including those cells with living contents that carry sugar and other biomolecules from where they are formed to where they are needed within the plant. The natural selection of traits including the details of the vascular system results in different organizational plans for cells among groups of plants. Given the advantage of a vas-cular system to grow up and away from moist surfaces, the challenge remains as to how to have the structural strength to stand tall.

As so often in nature, there is more than one way to grow tall! Seed plants hit on two major strategies, one for both conifers and broad-leaved “dicots” (softwood and hardwood trees) and another one for the “monocots” (e.g., palms, grasses) (Figure 3). The perennial dicots produce a second type of meristem, the vascular cambium (VC), a few millimeters to a few inches below the apical meristem, beneath the bark, and extending over all of the woody parts of the plant. The VC is a distinct tissue of dividing cells that produces a layer of phloem to the outside of the woody stem and xylem which adds to the woody stem. When mature, this secondary xylem is wood. The seasonal layers of mature xylem produced by the VC appear as the annual rings for trees in the temperate zone and provide for the increased girth of trees. For tropical trees, rings may not be visible although wood production is still usually periodic rather than continuous. This strategy of wood production occurs across the broad range of conifer and dicot plant families. The thick-walled piping allows the trees to grow tall, avoid shade, and chase the sunlight. The formation of new wood around the stem circumference enables the tree to be

self-supporting, even if the interior core of the trunk decays away. Of course, there are limits to how much a tree can decay before structural failure occurs!

Just as successful in subtropical and tropical settings is the strategy for monocots including palms. Unlike dicots with a VC and distinct, continuous layers of xylem and phloem, peren-nial monocots have discrete vascular bundles of xylem and phloem as well as strong fibers that are highly resistant to tearing (Figure 3). The monocot vascular bundles develop within a cellular matrix or ground tissue that is produced by a broad apical meristem, usu-ally nestled in and protected by the foliage. That meristem is the “heart of palm” used in cooking. Each palm stem has only one apical meristem and unlike dicots, they cannot form a new one if the apical meristem is injured. Unlike dicot trees, when the apical meristem of a palm dies, the stem dies as well.

Based on a single basic plan of root initiation near the base of the stem, palms show a great variety of root tissues and form. The distinctive root characteristics are used by experts to iden-tify family and species relationships in palms. Because palm roots live an average of three years, injury to the root initiation zone can impair palm health and may lead to structural failure.

New leaves or fronds produced from the top of the monocot stem are connected with vascular bundles, resulting in a greater frequency of vascular bundles towards the outer circumference of the palm stem. These vascular connections are essential to move water, essential elements, sugar, and other organic compounds through the plant. There is no organized vascular cambium or second-ary growth in palms. Rather, there is sustained, diffuse primary growth accompanied by con-tinued lignification of the ground tissue near the base of the stem. Recent research indicates

RIGHT: Figure 1. A stand of Koa reaching for sunlight in the forest canopy.

ABOVE: Figure 2. A Pritchardia palm, an integral part of Pacific Island landscape.

Do yoU BELIEVE IN PALm TREES? BY KeVin T. SmiTH

Figure 3. Diagram of the two major types of organization in the stems of palms and trees.

Photos: J. B. Friday, Extension Forester, University of Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service.

Phot

o: C

arol

Kw

an

14 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 15THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

Glossary:Perennial—a plant that in nature lives for more than two years

Biosynthesis—the work of cells to produce complex chemical from simpler starting materials

Apical—refers to the growing tip of roots and shoots

Meristem—unspecialized plant cells that divide to form new cells

Vascular system—specialized cells to transport water and nutrients

Xylem—specialized “plumbing” cells that transport primarily water and dissolved minerals

Phloem—specialized “plumbing” cells that transport primarily sugar and other organic materials

Dicots—flowering plants with two embryonic leaves in the seed including magnolias, legumes, and roses

Monocots—flowering plants with one embryonic leaf in the seed including palms, lilies, and orchids

Vascular cambium—the meristem beneath the bark of woody dicots that encircles the roots, stems, and, branches

Ground tissue—the cellular matrix formed by the apical meristem

Vascular bundle—discrete assem-blies of xylem, phloem, and fibers

Lignification—a complex chemi-cal compound that strengthen cell walls of both monocots and dicots

Petioles—the “leaf stem” which in palms is inserted into the leaf or frond sheath that encircles the stem

Palms are real, but are they re-ally trees? The answer depends on definitions. As usually tall, perennial plants with roots, stems, and leaves, palms seem to qualify. Palms should also qualify

because arborists care for them, and arborists care for trees, right? My introduction to botany class defined trees as plants that produce wood. Unraveling the question of whether palms are trees helps explain how the diverse plants in our landscape develop and thrive.

Whether a green plant is a single-celled alga, a stately Koa (Figure 1), or a native palm

(Figure 2), each plant cell has a cell wall and at least some of those plant cells contain the biological processes to convert solar energy into the chemical energy of the chemical bonds of sugar. That sugar is then used either as fuel or as a feedstock for the biosynthesis of many different organic compounds in the plant.

In current botanical thinking, a small multi-celled fresh-water green alga was the forerun-ner of today’s green landscape plants that include palms and trees. As green plants colo-nized the land, the ability to resist drying and to compete for sunlight granted a big advan-tage. Plants that were just a little bit taller were

able to escape the shade of their neighbors and to acquire more energy for further growth. Mosses were more sophisticated than algae and concentrated their cells capable of division and growth into specific regions or meristems at the apex or tip of the shoot. Primary growth or tip growth is produced by the apical meristem. Even with an apical meristem for height growth, exploitation of sunlight is limited because the moss cells need to be close to a continuous source of moisture.

Ferns are less limited in height growth because of a specialized plumbing or vascular system that contains xylem and phloem. Xylem

consists of various types of cells including thick-walled piping that at maturity contains no living contents but can efficiently conduct water and dissolved mineral elements. Phloem also consists of several types of cells including those cells with living contents that carry sugar and other biomolecules from where they are formed to where they are needed within the plant. The natural selection of traits including the details of the vascular system results in different organizational plans for cells among groups of plants. Given the advantage of a vas-cular system to grow up and away from moist surfaces, the challenge remains as to how to have the structural strength to stand tall.

As so often in nature, there is more than one way to grow tall! Seed plants hit on two major strategies, one for both conifers and broad-leaved “dicots” (softwood and hardwood trees) and another one for the “monocots” (e.g., palms, grasses) (Figure 3). The perennial dicots produce a second type of meristem, the vascular cambium (VC), a few millimeters to a few inches below the apical meristem, beneath the bark, and extending over all of the woody parts of the plant. The VC is a distinct tissue of dividing cells that produces a layer of phloem to the outside of the woody stem and xylem which adds to the woody stem. When mature, this secondary xylem is wood. The seasonal layers of mature xylem produced by the VC appear as the annual rings for trees in the temperate zone and provide for the increased girth of trees. For tropical trees, rings may not be visible although wood production is still usually periodic rather than continuous. This strategy of wood production occurs across the broad range of conifer and dicot plant families. The thick-walled piping allows the trees to grow tall, avoid shade, and chase the sunlight. The formation of new wood around the stem circumference enables the tree to be

self-supporting, even if the interior core of the trunk decays away. Of course, there are limits to how much a tree can decay before structural failure occurs!

Just as successful in subtropical and tropical settings is the strategy for monocots including palms. Unlike dicots with a VC and distinct, continuous layers of xylem and phloem, peren-nial monocots have discrete vascular bundles of xylem and phloem as well as strong fibers that are highly resistant to tearing (Figure 3). The monocot vascular bundles develop within a cellular matrix or ground tissue that is produced by a broad apical meristem, usu-ally nestled in and protected by the foliage. That meristem is the “heart of palm” used in cooking. Each palm stem has only one apical meristem and unlike dicots, they cannot form a new one if the apical meristem is injured. Unlike dicot trees, when the apical meristem of a palm dies, the stem dies as well.

Based on a single basic plan of root initiation near the base of the stem, palms show a great variety of root tissues and form. The distinctive root characteristics are used by experts to iden-tify family and species relationships in palms. Because palm roots live an average of three years, injury to the root initiation zone can impair palm health and may lead to structural failure.

New leaves or fronds produced from the top of the monocot stem are connected with vascular bundles, resulting in a greater frequency of vascular bundles towards the outer circumference of the palm stem. These vascular connections are essential to move water, essential elements, sugar, and other organic compounds through the plant. There is no organized vascular cambium or second-ary growth in palms. Rather, there is sustained, diffuse primary growth accompanied by con-tinued lignification of the ground tissue near the base of the stem. Recent research indicates

RIGHT: Figure 1. A stand of Koa reaching for sunlight in the forest canopy.

ABOVE: Figure 2. A Pritchardia palm, an integral part of Pacific Island landscape.

Do yoU BELIEVE IN PALm TREES? BY KeVin T. SmiTH

Figure 3. Diagram of the two major types of organization in the stems of palms and trees.

Photos: J. B. Friday, Extension Forester, University of Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service.

Phot

o: C

arol

Kw

an

16 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 17THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

that the bending strength of palm stems is enhanced by having the vascular bundles, including those tough fibers, distributed throughout the palm cross-section. Also, palm stems are strengthened by the crisscrossing and encircling sheaths at the base or petioles of the palm fronds, even when the blade of the frond has long been shed (Figure 4).

Whether or not we consider palms as trees may best be left as a personal choice. I’m going with my old botany class. Trees have a vascular cambium which produces wood, both of which are absent in palms. However, palms share a rich biological heritage with other green plants, and contribute greatly to the beauty and ecol-ogy of tropical landscapes.

For more information, please see:

Evert, R. F. (2006). Esau’s Plant Anatomy. Hobo-ken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

James, K. R., Haritos, N., Ades, P. K. (2006). Mechanical stability of trees under dynamic loads. American Journal of Botany, 93, 1522-1530.

Niklas, K. J. (1992). Plant Biomechanics. Chi-cago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press.

Tomlinson, P. B., Horn, J. W., Fisher, J. B. (2011). The Anatomy of Palms. New York, New York: Oxford University Press.

Dr. Kevin T. Smith, plant physiologist for the Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, has published more than 90 journal articles and book chapters on tree biology from his base in Durham, New Hampshire.

Interested in learning more from Kevin Smith? Attend one of his Tree Biology workshops in Ha-waii. The workshop will be offered in Honolulu on Wednesday, February 20, 2013, at the McCoy Pavilion and in Kona on Friday, February 22, 2013, at the Imin Center in Holualoa. These workshops will be co-hosted by Western Chapter International Society of Arboriculture, Aloha Arborist Association, Hawaii Island Landscape Association, and the University of Hawaii Coop-erative Extension Service. For more information and for registration, please visit www.wcisa.net.

Figure 4. The scattered vascular bundles and encircling leaf sheaths contribute to stem strength in the cross section of a Veitchia palm.

Photo: Carol Kwan

100 yEARS of ThE oUTDooR CIRCLE

It seems like such a strange, faraway place for this story of Hawaii to begin. But the group known across the islands as The Outdoor Circle actually originated in France. It was an unlikely place for three women

from the middle of the Pacific Ocean to have a purely chance meeting, but what they did after that was even more remarkable. They created a grassroots organization that quite literally changed the face of Honolulu and has been a driving force in the Hawaiian Islands ever since.

On that day in 1911, Mrs. Henry Water-house, her daughter Elnora Sturgeon and Honolulu school teacher Cherilla Lowrey marveled at the splendor of the Gardens of Versailles and declared that they would return to the islands with the intention of turning Honolulu into a place of beauty. By January 1912 the women had established The Outdoor Circle.

Starting With a Blank CanvassWith Cherilla Lowrey as its president, The

Outdoor Circle’s mission became widely known and inspired literally hundreds of Ho-nolulu women to become involved. The task was daunting — transform dirty, dusty and by many accounts ugly urban Honolulu into a place that would instill pride in its residents and raise the quality of life for everyone. The original goals:

■ Clear away front-yard empty cans and other rubbish

■ Make a flower bloom where a broken saucepan held sway

■ Border thoroughfares with flowering trees

■ Discourage unsightly structures ■ Convert careless householders to

beautifiers ■ Snip government red tape in the cause

of beautification ■ Fight against ugly billboards

During The Outdoor Circle’s (TOC) first six years, until Cherilla Lowrey’s death, the idea

germinated in France had been deeply planted in Honolulu and was already in full bloom. Goals became accomplishments. The rolls grew from six members to 500 — all women — who well before suffrage were determined to stand up, speak out and change the face of their community.

In those first half-dozen years TOC planted the Mahogany trees along Kalakaua Avenue that still grace the entry to Waikiki. Pensacola Avenue was barren so they planted Shower trees. Royal Poincianas went into the ground on Wilder Avenue. They planted a Japanese garden in Nuuanu. Monkeypod trees were placed around Aala Park and Nuuanu Stream was lined with Bougainvillea. And then there was Tantalus. On those rugged slopes, TOC women, on horseback, planted Kukui trees, Night Blooming Cereus and Wiliwili trees. And they used horse and buggy to regularly carry water in barrels up those slopes to en-sure the survival of the young plantings.

Signs Of Early TimesIn addition to plantings, TOC began taking

on other issues that spoiled the island’s ambi-ance — most notably, billboards.

While it’s now difficult to imagine early Honolulu as a hot, shadeless city, it is equally dismaying to learn that much of it was covered with billboards. A multitude of billboard companies posted huge advertisements along city streets — legend is even a giant pickle billboard sat atop Diamond Head. Their pres-ence was inescapable. And for the fledgling Outdoor Circle, billboards became public enemy #1.

It took 15 years of arm-twisting, consumer boycotts and high profile publicity, but one by one the billboard companies left town. Finally in 1926 one company remained. The Outdoor Circle raised the money, bought it

and in its first and only corporate act, shut it down. The next year TOC persuaded the Territorial Legislature to prohibit billboards in the islands. To this day, only Hawaii, Maine, Vermont and Alaska prohibit billboards within their boundaries.

The Outdoor Circle’s interests and influ-ence extends into a wide variety of issues such as preserving open space, protecting parks, undergrounding utility lines and many others that impact the visual environment of our islands. But controlling signs and keeping Hawaii clean, green and beautiful have always come first.

From the early planting across Honolulu to hiring, at its expense, the city’s first tree trim-mer (1914) and creating what became the City and County nursery in Kapiolani Park (1918), The Outdoor Circle (TOC) has enjoyed a spe-cial relationship with landscapers. As the city grew and as TOC’s prolific beautification ef-forts began to take root and be noticed, it was clear that an early-day green revolution was underway. TOC’s efforts encouraged private homeowners and businesses to dress-up their properties and an entire landscaping industry grew to meet the demand.

War, Depression and WarFrom the 1920’s through the 1940’s as Ho-

nolulu expanded, so too did the urban forest and other plantings that beautified the city. But two wars, especially World War II, brought a different focus. Instead of civilian urban areas The Outdoor Circle focused energy on planting the island’s military bases.

Some of the work was for beautifications, such as Fort Shafter’s historic Palm Circle. But fresh off the deadly bombing of Pearl Harbor most of the work of the 1940’s focused on

See 100 Years on page 19

BY BoB LoY

Photos: All photos courtesy of The Outdoor Circle

How a splendid idea became an indomitable force

Planting ceremony at Kaimuki High 1955.

16 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 17THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

that the bending strength of palm stems is enhanced by having the vascular bundles, including those tough fibers, distributed throughout the palm cross-section. Also, palm stems are strengthened by the crisscrossing and encircling sheaths at the base or petioles of the palm fronds, even when the blade of the frond has long been shed (Figure 4).

Whether or not we consider palms as trees may best be left as a personal choice. I’m going with my old botany class. Trees have a vascular cambium which produces wood, both of which are absent in palms. However, palms share a rich biological heritage with other green plants, and contribute greatly to the beauty and ecol-ogy of tropical landscapes.

For more information, please see:

Evert, R. F. (2006). Esau’s Plant Anatomy. Hobo-ken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

James, K. R., Haritos, N., Ades, P. K. (2006). Mechanical stability of trees under dynamic loads. American Journal of Botany, 93, 1522-1530.

Niklas, K. J. (1992). Plant Biomechanics. Chi-cago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press.

Tomlinson, P. B., Horn, J. W., Fisher, J. B. (2011). The Anatomy of Palms. New York, New York: Oxford University Press.

Dr. Kevin T. Smith, plant physiologist for the Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, has published more than 90 journal articles and book chapters on tree biology from his base in Durham, New Hampshire.

Interested in learning more from Kevin Smith? Attend one of his Tree Biology workshops in Ha-waii. The workshop will be offered in Honolulu on Wednesday, February 20, 2013, at the McCoy Pavilion and in Kona on Friday, February 22, 2013, at the Imin Center in Holualoa. These workshops will be co-hosted by Western Chapter International Society of Arboriculture, Aloha Arborist Association, Hawaii Island Landscape Association, and the University of Hawaii Coop-erative Extension Service. For more information and for registration, please visit www.wcisa.net.

Figure 4. The scattered vascular bundles and encircling leaf sheaths contribute to stem strength in the cross section of a Veitchia palm.

Photo: Carol Kwan

100 yEARS of ThE oUTDooR CIRCLE

It seems like such a strange, faraway place for this story of Hawaii to begin. But the group known across the islands as The Outdoor Circle actually originated in France. It was an unlikely place for three women

from the middle of the Pacific Ocean to have a purely chance meeting, but what they did after that was even more remarkable. They created a grassroots organization that quite literally changed the face of Honolulu and has been a driving force in the Hawaiian Islands ever since.

On that day in 1911, Mrs. Henry Water-house, her daughter Elnora Sturgeon and Honolulu school teacher Cherilla Lowrey marveled at the splendor of the Gardens of Versailles and declared that they would return to the islands with the intention of turning Honolulu into a place of beauty. By January 1912 the women had established The Outdoor Circle.

Starting With a Blank CanvassWith Cherilla Lowrey as its president, The

Outdoor Circle’s mission became widely known and inspired literally hundreds of Ho-nolulu women to become involved. The task was daunting — transform dirty, dusty and by many accounts ugly urban Honolulu into a place that would instill pride in its residents and raise the quality of life for everyone. The original goals:

■ Clear away front-yard empty cans and other rubbish

■ Make a flower bloom where a broken saucepan held sway

■ Border thoroughfares with flowering trees

■ Discourage unsightly structures ■ Convert careless householders to

beautifiers ■ Snip government red tape in the cause

of beautification ■ Fight against ugly billboards

During The Outdoor Circle’s (TOC) first six years, until Cherilla Lowrey’s death, the idea

germinated in France had been deeply planted in Honolulu and was already in full bloom. Goals became accomplishments. The rolls grew from six members to 500 — all women — who well before suffrage were determined to stand up, speak out and change the face of their community.

In those first half-dozen years TOC planted the Mahogany trees along Kalakaua Avenue that still grace the entry to Waikiki. Pensacola Avenue was barren so they planted Shower trees. Royal Poincianas went into the ground on Wilder Avenue. They planted a Japanese garden in Nuuanu. Monkeypod trees were placed around Aala Park and Nuuanu Stream was lined with Bougainvillea. And then there was Tantalus. On those rugged slopes, TOC women, on horseback, planted Kukui trees, Night Blooming Cereus and Wiliwili trees. And they used horse and buggy to regularly carry water in barrels up those slopes to en-sure the survival of the young plantings.

Signs Of Early TimesIn addition to plantings, TOC began taking

on other issues that spoiled the island’s ambi-ance — most notably, billboards.

While it’s now difficult to imagine early Honolulu as a hot, shadeless city, it is equally dismaying to learn that much of it was covered with billboards. A multitude of billboard companies posted huge advertisements along city streets — legend is even a giant pickle billboard sat atop Diamond Head. Their pres-ence was inescapable. And for the fledgling Outdoor Circle, billboards became public enemy #1.

It took 15 years of arm-twisting, consumer boycotts and high profile publicity, but one by one the billboard companies left town. Finally in 1926 one company remained. The Outdoor Circle raised the money, bought it

and in its first and only corporate act, shut it down. The next year TOC persuaded the Territorial Legislature to prohibit billboards in the islands. To this day, only Hawaii, Maine, Vermont and Alaska prohibit billboards within their boundaries.

The Outdoor Circle’s interests and influ-ence extends into a wide variety of issues such as preserving open space, protecting parks, undergrounding utility lines and many others that impact the visual environment of our islands. But controlling signs and keeping Hawaii clean, green and beautiful have always come first.

From the early planting across Honolulu to hiring, at its expense, the city’s first tree trim-mer (1914) and creating what became the City and County nursery in Kapiolani Park (1918), The Outdoor Circle (TOC) has enjoyed a spe-cial relationship with landscapers. As the city grew and as TOC’s prolific beautification ef-forts began to take root and be noticed, it was clear that an early-day green revolution was underway. TOC’s efforts encouraged private homeowners and businesses to dress-up their properties and an entire landscaping industry grew to meet the demand.

War, Depression and WarFrom the 1920’s through the 1940’s as Ho-

nolulu expanded, so too did the urban forest and other plantings that beautified the city. But two wars, especially World War II, brought a different focus. Instead of civilian urban areas The Outdoor Circle focused energy on planting the island’s military bases.

Some of the work was for beautifications, such as Fort Shafter’s historic Palm Circle. But fresh off the deadly bombing of Pearl Harbor most of the work of the 1940’s focused on

See 100 Years on page 19

BY BoB LoY

Photos: All photos courtesy of The Outdoor Circle

How a splendid idea became an indomitable force

Planting ceremony at Kaimuki High 1955.

18 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 19THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

EKO Compost is made in Hawaii . It ’s an integral part of theislands ’ ecosystem. It ’s also one of the Founding Members of the

U.S. Composting Council ’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program.

You can find EKO Compost at :Maui EKO ’s Plant

Central Maui Landfill - Pulehu Rd . Puunene8 0 8 - 5 7 2 - 8 8 4 4

Hawaii Grower ProductsMaui , Lanai & Molokai : 8 0 8 - 8 7 7 - 6 6 3 6

Big Island : 8 0 8 - 3 2 6 - 7 5 5 5

Pacific Agricultural Sales & ServiceOahu & Kauai : 8 0 8 - 6 8 2 - 5 1 1 3

MadeOn

Maui

C O M P O S T I N GC O U N C I LUS

Seal of Testing Assurance rubens.mauieko@gmail.comPuunene, Maui

Oahu: 808-259-7295 Total Free: 1-866-714-7837

Hilo: 808-959-4088 Total Free: 1-800-424-2053

www.HawaiianSunshineNursery.com

It’s Spring and look what’s Blooming! The Robust, Colorful, Versatile and Tropical Anthurium...

“3-Season” multi-Graft mangosBY miLAn ruperT And CrAiG duff

Here at Kauai Nursery and Landscaping (KNL) we experimented on a small scale with the propagation of multi-grafted Mangos. By grafting 3 different

varieties/cultivars, we give the typical Hawaii homeowner (who has very limited yard space) essentially 3 Mango trees in one! Even more exciting — these trees will also have the potential to produce fruit from May thru December — up to seven months a year! As the experimental propagation was successful and customers showed a great deal of interest in this new product we have expanded our production this year.

We use “Local” i.e. “Turpentine Peach” mango seedlings in four-gallon pots for rootstock. At 6-8 months when the rootstock are 2’-3’ high we remove the terminal bud which induces lateral branching at this point (see photo #1). In 3-4 months when the lateral branches have attained 1/4’’-1/2” in diameter we select the rootstock with 3 lateral branches that are well balanced in position, size and vigor for multi-grafting. The rootstock are now “top wedge” grafted with an early, a mid and a late season cultivar.

Our “3-season” mangos are grafted with productive, high quality local and internation-al cultivars and are divided into two groups. The first group is made up of cultivars that are anthracnose resistant and therefore will produce satisfactorily even in wet areas. The second group of cultivars are more appropriate for drier areas. In both groups, it is necessary that cultivars are chosen to have matching size, vigor, and growth rate, otherwise less vigorous varieties will be shaded out or un-derdeveloped. Through our experiments we identified the varieties that grow best together.

With the development of a successful technique of propagation and high customer demand we plan to increase our “3 season” mango production. We will also continue this spirit of experimentation and investigate into the development of multi-grafted avocados and “cocktail” citrus trees.

Milan Rupert is the lead propagation specialist for KNL's fruit trees, water plants, and bamboo. Craig Duff is a landscape architect and estimator for KNL.

Removal of the terminal bud to induce lateral braching.

helping protect our military and their families. TOC worked to camouflage military installa-tions from enemy attack by planting fast-growing trees, palms, thick shrubs and vines. Many of those plantings remain as historic landscapes and to this day beautify bases across Oahu.

Wars End But Fighting Goes OnWith the great conflicts over TOC once

again turned its attention to protecting, preserving and beautifying Honolulu. One great project whose benefits still are enjoyed island-wide today involved planting Plumeria. Once perceived only as a graveyard flower TOC envisioned Plumeria all over Oahu. In 1947 at McCoy Pavilion it held an event called Ulu Melia, “To Grow Plumeria.” Thousands of Plumeria cuttings were given away to “blanket the hillsides.” 400 cuttings alone were given to a nursery for planting in Makiki Valley.

But this era also was marked by TOC’s need to save what was already in the ground. The greatest of the battles involved the mile-long stretch of Ironwood trees along Kalakaua Avenue in Kapiolani Park. Planted in 1890 by Princess Kaiulani’s father, the trees were fated for removal because the city wanted to widen the road. But The Outdoor Circle won the battle, and a new road, parallel to the old one, was created. Over the years these trees have endured many threats and finally were granted protection as “Exceptional Trees.”

Another battle royale that lasted decades involved protecting Hawaii’s most famous landmark, Diamond Head. From billboards, to multiple development schemes, to rock concerts and others insults, everyone, it seems, has always wanted to claim this volcanic tuff cone for themselves. And The Outdoor Circle led the charge to protect it. TOC gathered thousands of petition signatures opposing re-zoning, defended it against high-rise develop-ments and led the way to its ultimate protec-tion as a state landmark, monument, and park. The Outdoor Circle has always stood on the front lines to defend Diamond Head.

The New Millennium and Beyond

By the time the 20th Century passed, five generations of island residents had come to know The Outdoor Circle as the protector of Hawaii’s greatest asset — its stunning and unique visual beauty. TOC has become the go-to organization for advice and assistance, plan-ning and preservation. The Outdoor Circle never claims to have all the answers but it does promise, if possible, to do something to help.

To landscapers, The Outdoor Circle has always been a catalyst that has helped an important industry flourish. TOC remains a friend to those whose jobs, businesses and

futures depend on meeting a demand for plan-ning, growing and maintaining the landscapes that help define the image of our state. We are an ally to those whose work turns our houses into homes and our cities into places of beauty and inspiration. To those who help ensure that our islands serve as a place of refuge, relax-ation and replenishment.

Now we look ahead to another century of serving Hawaii. Much more than a promoter of beautiful street corners, from basic tree planting projects to sophisticated advocacy in the halls of government, TOC has become a statewide institution upon which our commu-

nities depend. And while the growing number of its members are families or even (gasp) males, we will never forget our roots as an organization created by women. And we will always focus on fulfilling our mission to keep Hawaii Clean, Green and Beautiful for future generations.

To learn more about The Outdoor Circle, join a branch, or donate to its mission, visit the website: www.outdoocircle.org.

Bob Loy is the Director of Environmental Programs at The Outdoor Circle.

Continued from page 17100 Years

ABOVE: Kalakaua Avenue Mahogany trees today; INSET: Landscape plans for Kalakaua Avenue Mahogany tree project 1912.

Phot

os: H

irok

o Le

tman

18 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 19THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

EKO Compost is made in Hawaii . It ’s an integral part of theislands ’ ecosystem. It ’s also one of the Founding Members of the

U.S. Composting Council ’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program.

You can find EKO Compost at :Maui EKO ’s Plant

Central Maui Landfill - Pulehu Rd . Puunene8 0 8 - 5 7 2 - 8 8 4 4

Hawaii Grower ProductsMaui , Lanai & Molokai : 8 0 8 - 8 7 7 - 6 6 3 6

Big Island : 8 0 8 - 3 2 6 - 7 5 5 5

Pacific Agricultural Sales & ServiceOahu & Kauai : 8 0 8 - 6 8 2 - 5 1 1 3

MadeOn

Maui

C O M P O S T I N GC O U N C I LUS

Seal of Testing Assurance rubens.mauieko@gmail.comPuunene, Maui

Oahu: 808-259-7295 Total Free: 1-866-714-7837

Hilo: 808-959-4088 Total Free: 1-800-424-2053

www.HawaiianSunshineNursery.com

It’s Spring and look what’s Blooming! The Robust, Colorful, Versatile and Tropical Anthurium...

“3-Season” multi-Graft mangosBY miLAn ruperT And CrAiG duff

Here at Kauai Nursery and Landscaping (KNL) we experimented on a small scale with the propagation of multi-grafted Mangos. By grafting 3 different

varieties/cultivars, we give the typical Hawaii homeowner (who has very limited yard space) essentially 3 Mango trees in one! Even more exciting — these trees will also have the potential to produce fruit from May thru December — up to seven months a year! As the experimental propagation was successful and customers showed a great deal of interest in this new product we have expanded our production this year.

We use “Local” i.e. “Turpentine Peach” mango seedlings in four-gallon pots for rootstock. At 6-8 months when the rootstock are 2’-3’ high we remove the terminal bud which induces lateral branching at this point (see photo #1). In 3-4 months when the lateral branches have attained 1/4’’-1/2” in diameter we select the rootstock with 3 lateral branches that are well balanced in position, size and vigor for multi-grafting. The rootstock are now “top wedge” grafted with an early, a mid and a late season cultivar.

Our “3-season” mangos are grafted with productive, high quality local and internation-al cultivars and are divided into two groups. The first group is made up of cultivars that are anthracnose resistant and therefore will produce satisfactorily even in wet areas. The second group of cultivars are more appropriate for drier areas. In both groups, it is necessary that cultivars are chosen to have matching size, vigor, and growth rate, otherwise less vigorous varieties will be shaded out or un-derdeveloped. Through our experiments we identified the varieties that grow best together.

With the development of a successful technique of propagation and high customer demand we plan to increase our “3 season” mango production. We will also continue this spirit of experimentation and investigate into the development of multi-grafted avocados and “cocktail” citrus trees.

Milan Rupert is the lead propagation specialist for KNL's fruit trees, water plants, and bamboo. Craig Duff is a landscape architect and estimator for KNL.

Removal of the terminal bud to induce lateral braching.

helping protect our military and their families. TOC worked to camouflage military installa-tions from enemy attack by planting fast-growing trees, palms, thick shrubs and vines. Many of those plantings remain as historic landscapes and to this day beautify bases across Oahu.

Wars End But Fighting Goes OnWith the great conflicts over TOC once

again turned its attention to protecting, preserving and beautifying Honolulu. One great project whose benefits still are enjoyed island-wide today involved planting Plumeria. Once perceived only as a graveyard flower TOC envisioned Plumeria all over Oahu. In 1947 at McCoy Pavilion it held an event called Ulu Melia, “To Grow Plumeria.” Thousands of Plumeria cuttings were given away to “blanket the hillsides.” 400 cuttings alone were given to a nursery for planting in Makiki Valley.

But this era also was marked by TOC’s need to save what was already in the ground. The greatest of the battles involved the mile-long stretch of Ironwood trees along Kalakaua Avenue in Kapiolani Park. Planted in 1890 by Princess Kaiulani’s father, the trees were fated for removal because the city wanted to widen the road. But The Outdoor Circle won the battle, and a new road, parallel to the old one, was created. Over the years these trees have endured many threats and finally were granted protection as “Exceptional Trees.”

Another battle royale that lasted decades involved protecting Hawaii’s most famous landmark, Diamond Head. From billboards, to multiple development schemes, to rock concerts and others insults, everyone, it seems, has always wanted to claim this volcanic tuff cone for themselves. And The Outdoor Circle led the charge to protect it. TOC gathered thousands of petition signatures opposing re-zoning, defended it against high-rise develop-ments and led the way to its ultimate protec-tion as a state landmark, monument, and park. The Outdoor Circle has always stood on the front lines to defend Diamond Head.

The New Millennium and Beyond

By the time the 20th Century passed, five generations of island residents had come to know The Outdoor Circle as the protector of Hawaii’s greatest asset — its stunning and unique visual beauty. TOC has become the go-to organization for advice and assistance, plan-ning and preservation. The Outdoor Circle never claims to have all the answers but it does promise, if possible, to do something to help.

To landscapers, The Outdoor Circle has always been a catalyst that has helped an important industry flourish. TOC remains a friend to those whose jobs, businesses and

futures depend on meeting a demand for plan-ning, growing and maintaining the landscapes that help define the image of our state. We are an ally to those whose work turns our houses into homes and our cities into places of beauty and inspiration. To those who help ensure that our islands serve as a place of refuge, relax-ation and replenishment.

Now we look ahead to another century of serving Hawaii. Much more than a promoter of beautiful street corners, from basic tree planting projects to sophisticated advocacy in the halls of government, TOC has become a statewide institution upon which our commu-

nities depend. And while the growing number of its members are families or even (gasp) males, we will never forget our roots as an organization created by women. And we will always focus on fulfilling our mission to keep Hawaii Clean, Green and Beautiful for future generations.

To learn more about The Outdoor Circle, join a branch, or donate to its mission, visit the website: www.outdoocircle.org.

Bob Loy is the Director of Environmental Programs at The Outdoor Circle.

Continued from page 17100 Years

ABOVE: Kalakaua Avenue Mahogany trees today; INSET: Landscape plans for Kalakaua Avenue Mahogany tree project 1912.

Phot

os: H

irok

o Le

tman

20 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 21THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

C H R I S D A C U S , F O R E S T S T A R R , C H U C K C H I M E R A & A D A M W I L L I A M S

COLUMNnative

I don’t know who to give credit for first coming up with the say-ing, “Life is what happens when you are making other plans”, yet I am reminded of this throughout my life. The International Palm Society (IPS) Meeting 2012 held at Nongnooch Tropical Botanical Garden (NTBG) in Thailand, September 11-18 was no exception.

My main goal for attending this meeting was to learn about palms from Thailand. I even purchased the book, The Palms and Cycads of Thailand, Edited by Donald R. Hodel, before I left on my trip. With all of the intentions of studying palms on the plane, I was seated next to a really nice lady from Beijing, who wanted to practice her English, and happened to be part owner of an irrigation supplies manufacturing company in China. We talked a little about the Ag industry, yet I was most fascinated by our conversation on the Dali Lama, whom she said is a crook and a current slaveholder. I understood this was most likely the result of media distortion and censorship in China. Nevertheless, she was a pleasant and interesting person to speak with during the long flight from Honolulu to Japan. I didn't get to study my palm book, but it was a pleasant reminder of the old saying mentioned above.

Upon arrival at the airport in Bangkok at 1:00 AM, I was entirely relieved to find someone waiting to pick me up, as part of the IPS Biennial Meeting package. This was just the beginning of an amazing IPS meeting, which was very well organized! Most of the credit for this belongs to Kampon Tansacha, Owner of the Nongnooch Pattaya Tropi-cal Garden and Resort.

After spending the first night at the Grand Four Wings Hotel in Bangkok, all of the IPS attendees met for breakfast, then boarded buses to Khao Yai National Park. We were looking to see palms growing in their native habitat, such as Pinanga sylvestris, Licuala poonsakii, vari-ous species of ratan palms, and other species growing near Kong-Kaew waterfall.

The palms are interesting. That is why I was there. Yet the leeches were coolest! Did you know that leeches can jump? During our hike through the forest everyone at one time or another had a leech crawl-ing or feeding on them. When I got on the bus at the end of the tour there were at least 5 blood engorged leaches crawling in the aisle or down the stairs, after dropping off some unsuspecting dinner provider. Amazingly, I did not give up any of my valuable blood cells to them, but I have to admit, I loved studying the leeches more than the palms!

The next day, on our way to NTBG, we stopped at Tub Larn National Park to view wild populations of Coryphautan palms. The palms were beautiful, yet I was even more impressed with the number of items the local inhabitants make with the palm. Fruits of this particular species are edible, seeds are carved into beads, leaves are woven into baskets, and wood from the petioles are carved to make knifes and bows. I wouldn’t want to be the one with an apple on my head, yet the demon-strator proved to be good marksman, thus showing the strength of the palm wood coming from this particular species.

NTBG is truly amazing! To sum it up, I would call it Disneyland for

horticulturists. It is not just palms and cycads, there are collections of Ti, Plumeria, Ginger and many other tropical plant species. Behind the scenes, we had the opportunity to observe a Sealing Wax Palm produc-tion factory, where women of all ages were planting thousands of palm seedlings using elephant dung as a main component of their soil media. For the general public, there are gardens with tigers you can pet, elephant shows, cultural shows 5 days a week, a number of restaurants, a fish farm featuring 300 lb carps, floating gardens on a lake, and even a rare car collection. For the horticulturists, nearly every plant is labeled. The building I stayed in had what seemed to be the world’s largest col-lection of Rhapis palm phenotypes. Nearby I was able to see a collec-tion of multi-crown specimen palms including Dipsis decaryi, Dipsis leucobensis, Ptychosperma elegans as well as several specimens of the more common multi-crown Phoenix roebellenii.

After leaving NTBG on September 18, I met up with my father in Bali for 2 weeks. Walking on the beach in Kuta we decided to get out of the sun and call our taxi driver. While in the lobby looking for a phone I spotted the most amazing palm of all! It was a triple crown coconut. Has anyone here ever seen one before? I asked other IPS members, in-cluding my father, and they all either said “no”, or “maybe one other.” I didn't know how rare it is, but I knew we had stumbled onto the rarest palm specimen seen during the entire trip. As the saying goes, “Life is what happens when you are making other plans”.

Ricci Bezona is president of Bezona Botanical, Inc., a life-long Big Island resident, landscape contractor, and horticultural consultant.

Triple crown coconut palm recently planted in lobby at The Stones Hotel, Kuta, Bali.

2012 BIENNIAL INTERNATIoNAL PALm SoCIETy mEETING IN ThAILAND

Common name BotaniCal name Hawaiian name

Silversword Argyroxiphium sandwicense subsp. ‘Ahinahina macrocephalum Breadfruit Artocarpus altilis ‘Ulu CabbageonaStickorHawaiianPalm Brighamiainsignis Ālula Tree Fern Cibotium sp. Hapu’u Taro Colocasia esculenta Kalo Staghorn Fern Dicranopteris linearis Uluhe HawaiianGardenia Gardeniabrighamii Nānūorna`ū Hawaiian Cotton Gossypium tomentosum Ma’o Hawaiian Hibiscus Hibiscus arnottianus subsp. arnottianus Koki'o ke'oke'o Hawaiian Hibiscus Hibiscus brackenridgei subsp. brackenridgei Ma’o hau hele HawaiianRedHibiscus Hibiscusclayi Kokiʻoʻula HawaiianPinkHibiscus Hibiscusfurcellatus ʻAkiahala Hawaiian Red Hibiscus Hibiscus kokio subsp. kokio Koki‘o Hawaiian Orange Hibiscus Hibiscus kokio subsp. saintjohnianus Koki‘o Kauai White Hibiscus Hibiscus waimeae Koki'o ke'oke'o Kauai White Hibiscus Hibiscus waimeae subsp. hannerae Koki'o ke'oke'o Sweet Potato Ipomoea batatas ‘Uala Beach Morning Glory Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis Pohuehue Banana Musa sp. Mai’a Sword Fern Nephrolepis exaltata Kupukupu Hawaiian Rose Osteomeles anthyllidifolia ‘Ulei Screw Pine Pandanus tectorius Hala CoastalSandalwood Santalumellipticum ʻIliahialoʻe Sandalwood Santalum ellipticum, S. freycinetianum, ‘Iliahi and S. paniculatum Beach Naupaka Scaevola taccada Naupaka kahakai Puncture Vine Tribulus cistoides Nohu Beach Pea Vigna marina Nanea

In the last issue, we discussed non-native plants commonly referred to with Hawaiian names. In this issue, we will discuss native plants commonly referred to by their common names. This leads to confusion among both consumers

and landscape professionals. Let’s call these plants by their Hawaiian names.

Take the time today and share this list with your designers, webmasters and nursery staff and start using the Hawaiian name. Make sure to place these plants in the native section of your retail outlet and label them as native. Change your website, drawings, publications,

specifications, catalog, and plant tags. Don’t use the common name again. Let’s fix this once and for all. We can do this!

Both this article and the previous issue’s article were written by these writers. Forest Starr is a biolo-gist and co-owner of Starr Environmental. Chuck Chimera is a weed-risk assessment specialist with the Hawaii Invasive Species Council. Adam Williams is a Rare Plant Nursery Coordinator with the Hawai-ian Rare Plant Program. Chris Dacus is a landscape architect and arborist for the Hawaii Department of Transportation and the president of LICH.

Here are the native plants most commonly referred to by their common names.

LEFT TO RIGHT: Kalo formerly known as Taro; ‘Ulu formerly known as Breadfruit; ‘Ahinahina formerly known as Silversword and Naupaka kahakai formerly known as Beach Naupaka.

Phot

os: F

ores

t & K

im S

tarr

BY riCCi BeZonA

20 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 21THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

C H R I S D A C U S , F O R E S T S T A R R , C H U C K C H I M E R A & A D A M W I L L I A M S

COLUMNnative

I don’t know who to give credit for first coming up with the say-ing, “Life is what happens when you are making other plans”, yet I am reminded of this throughout my life. The International Palm Society (IPS) Meeting 2012 held at Nongnooch Tropical Botanical Garden (NTBG) in Thailand, September 11-18 was no exception.

My main goal for attending this meeting was to learn about palms from Thailand. I even purchased the book, The Palms and Cycads of Thailand, Edited by Donald R. Hodel, before I left on my trip. With all of the intentions of studying palms on the plane, I was seated next to a really nice lady from Beijing, who wanted to practice her English, and happened to be part owner of an irrigation supplies manufacturing company in China. We talked a little about the Ag industry, yet I was most fascinated by our conversation on the Dali Lama, whom she said is a crook and a current slaveholder. I understood this was most likely the result of media distortion and censorship in China. Nevertheless, she was a pleasant and interesting person to speak with during the long flight from Honolulu to Japan. I didn't get to study my palm book, but it was a pleasant reminder of the old saying mentioned above.

Upon arrival at the airport in Bangkok at 1:00 AM, I was entirely relieved to find someone waiting to pick me up, as part of the IPS Biennial Meeting package. This was just the beginning of an amazing IPS meeting, which was very well organized! Most of the credit for this belongs to Kampon Tansacha, Owner of the Nongnooch Pattaya Tropi-cal Garden and Resort.

After spending the first night at the Grand Four Wings Hotel in Bangkok, all of the IPS attendees met for breakfast, then boarded buses to Khao Yai National Park. We were looking to see palms growing in their native habitat, such as Pinanga sylvestris, Licuala poonsakii, vari-ous species of ratan palms, and other species growing near Kong-Kaew waterfall.

The palms are interesting. That is why I was there. Yet the leeches were coolest! Did you know that leeches can jump? During our hike through the forest everyone at one time or another had a leech crawl-ing or feeding on them. When I got on the bus at the end of the tour there were at least 5 blood engorged leaches crawling in the aisle or down the stairs, after dropping off some unsuspecting dinner provider. Amazingly, I did not give up any of my valuable blood cells to them, but I have to admit, I loved studying the leeches more than the palms!

The next day, on our way to NTBG, we stopped at Tub Larn National Park to view wild populations of Coryphautan palms. The palms were beautiful, yet I was even more impressed with the number of items the local inhabitants make with the palm. Fruits of this particular species are edible, seeds are carved into beads, leaves are woven into baskets, and wood from the petioles are carved to make knifes and bows. I wouldn’t want to be the one with an apple on my head, yet the demon-strator proved to be good marksman, thus showing the strength of the palm wood coming from this particular species.

NTBG is truly amazing! To sum it up, I would call it Disneyland for

horticulturists. It is not just palms and cycads, there are collections of Ti, Plumeria, Ginger and many other tropical plant species. Behind the scenes, we had the opportunity to observe a Sealing Wax Palm produc-tion factory, where women of all ages were planting thousands of palm seedlings using elephant dung as a main component of their soil media. For the general public, there are gardens with tigers you can pet, elephant shows, cultural shows 5 days a week, a number of restaurants, a fish farm featuring 300 lb carps, floating gardens on a lake, and even a rare car collection. For the horticulturists, nearly every plant is labeled. The building I stayed in had what seemed to be the world’s largest col-lection of Rhapis palm phenotypes. Nearby I was able to see a collec-tion of multi-crown specimen palms including Dipsis decaryi, Dipsis leucobensis, Ptychosperma elegans as well as several specimens of the more common multi-crown Phoenix roebellenii.

After leaving NTBG on September 18, I met up with my father in Bali for 2 weeks. Walking on the beach in Kuta we decided to get out of the sun and call our taxi driver. While in the lobby looking for a phone I spotted the most amazing palm of all! It was a triple crown coconut. Has anyone here ever seen one before? I asked other IPS members, in-cluding my father, and they all either said “no”, or “maybe one other.” I didn't know how rare it is, but I knew we had stumbled onto the rarest palm specimen seen during the entire trip. As the saying goes, “Life is what happens when you are making other plans”.

Ricci Bezona is president of Bezona Botanical, Inc., a life-long Big Island resident, landscape contractor, and horticultural consultant.

Triple crown coconut palm recently planted in lobby at The Stones Hotel, Kuta, Bali.

2012 BIENNIAL INTERNATIoNAL PALm SoCIETy mEETING IN ThAILAND

Common name BotaniCal name Hawaiian name

Silversword Argyroxiphium sandwicense subsp. ‘Ahinahina macrocephalum Breadfruit Artocarpus altilis ‘Ulu CabbageonaStickorHawaiianPalm Brighamiainsignis Ālula Tree Fern Cibotium sp. Hapu’u Taro Colocasia esculenta Kalo Staghorn Fern Dicranopteris linearis Uluhe HawaiianGardenia Gardeniabrighamii Nānūorna`ū Hawaiian Cotton Gossypium tomentosum Ma’o Hawaiian Hibiscus Hibiscus arnottianus subsp. arnottianus Koki'o ke'oke'o Hawaiian Hibiscus Hibiscus brackenridgei subsp. brackenridgei Ma’o hau hele HawaiianRedHibiscus Hibiscusclayi Kokiʻoʻula HawaiianPinkHibiscus Hibiscusfurcellatus ʻAkiahala Hawaiian Red Hibiscus Hibiscus kokio subsp. kokio Koki‘o Hawaiian Orange Hibiscus Hibiscus kokio subsp. saintjohnianus Koki‘o Kauai White Hibiscus Hibiscus waimeae Koki'o ke'oke'o Kauai White Hibiscus Hibiscus waimeae subsp. hannerae Koki'o ke'oke'o Sweet Potato Ipomoea batatas ‘Uala Beach Morning Glory Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis Pohuehue Banana Musa sp. Mai’a Sword Fern Nephrolepis exaltata Kupukupu Hawaiian Rose Osteomeles anthyllidifolia ‘Ulei Screw Pine Pandanus tectorius Hala CoastalSandalwood Santalumellipticum ʻIliahialoʻe Sandalwood Santalum ellipticum, S. freycinetianum, ‘Iliahi and S. paniculatum Beach Naupaka Scaevola taccada Naupaka kahakai Puncture Vine Tribulus cistoides Nohu Beach Pea Vigna marina Nanea

In the last issue, we discussed non-native plants commonly referred to with Hawaiian names. In this issue, we will discuss native plants commonly referred to by their common names. This leads to confusion among both consumers

and landscape professionals. Let’s call these plants by their Hawaiian names.

Take the time today and share this list with your designers, webmasters and nursery staff and start using the Hawaiian name. Make sure to place these plants in the native section of your retail outlet and label them as native. Change your website, drawings, publications,

specifications, catalog, and plant tags. Don’t use the common name again. Let’s fix this once and for all. We can do this!

Both this article and the previous issue’s article were written by these writers. Forest Starr is a biolo-gist and co-owner of Starr Environmental. Chuck Chimera is a weed-risk assessment specialist with the Hawaii Invasive Species Council. Adam Williams is a Rare Plant Nursery Coordinator with the Hawai-ian Rare Plant Program. Chris Dacus is a landscape architect and arborist for the Hawaii Department of Transportation and the president of LICH.

Here are the native plants most commonly referred to by their common names.

LEFT TO RIGHT: Kalo formerly known as Taro; ‘Ulu formerly known as Breadfruit; ‘Ahinahina formerly known as Silversword and Naupaka kahakai formerly known as Beach Naupaka.

Phot

os: F

ores

t & K

im S

tarr

BY riCCi BeZonA

22 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 23

The Hawaii Chapter of the American Society of Land-scape Architects held its awards on September 14, 2012 at the Pacific Club. The awards gala is held every three years

and honors landscape architectural firms in four categories: research and communications, planning and analysis, residential design, and general design. In each category, there are three levels of awards: Merit Award, Honor Award, and the Award of Excellence for the most outstanding projects. Five Hawaii-based landscape architectural design firms were honored with 11 awards.

This year’s jury was Heidi Bornhorst, Clark Llewellyn, Paul Luersen, Jonelle Oshiro, Judith Stilgenbauer, Jon Wallenstrom and Phillip White.

General Design Category AwardsThe general design category recognizes

site-specific works of landscape architectural design or urban design. Four projects received awards in the general design category.

MERIT AWARDThe NFL Youth Education Town Hawaii

located in Nanakuli on the Island of Oahu re-ceived a Merit award. The Nanakuli NFL Youth Education Town is the first LEED Gold Certi-fied after-school facility in the nationwide. The landscape architect developed a site program based on Low Impact Development principles through native vegetation, permeable concrete, rainwater catchment system. The landscape architect was Ki Concepts LLC and the client was the Boys and Girls Club of Hawaii.

MERIT AWARDThe Punahou School Omidyar K-1 Neigh-

borhood in Honolulu on the Island of Oahu received a Merit award. The landscape for the LEED Platinum Certified Omidyar K-1 Neigh-borhood at Punahou School was designed to provide a hands-on learning experience tailored to educating students about natural science, sustainability, and environmental stewardship from an early age. Children en-gage in the exploration of the bioswales, grow their own fruits and vegetables, and have free reign of the play structures and contemplative courtyards. The landscape architect was PBR

included meeting LEED requirements and a request to Hawaii State Department of Health for review of a grey water system for irrigation use. The landscape architect was Belt Collins Hawaii.

MERIT AWARDThe Kona Residence located in South Ko-

hala on the Island of Hawaii received a Merit award. The landscape architecture of the Kona Residence embraces the contemporary design of the architecture and existing natural lava field while incorporating sustainable practices through native plantings, rainwater harvest-ing, naturally heated pools, and recycled materials. The landscape architect was Belt Collins Hawaii.

HONOR AWARDThe Outdoor Living In Manoa project

received the Honor Award located in Manoa Valley on the Island of Oahu. The landscape is a series of outdoor living rooms with a Hawai-ian sense of place. The program called for a terrace and swimming pool, dining pavilion, and a jacuzzi, all placed on an existing sloping lawn. The landscape designer was Stephen Haus.

Analysis and Planning Category Awards

The analysis and planning category recog-nizes the wide variety of professional activi-ties that lead to, guide or evaluate landscape architecture. Three projects received awards in this category.

MERIT AWARDThe Kaka‘ako Form Base Code Planning in

Honolulu won a Merit award. The landscape architect developed a form base code plan for the 450-acre redevelopment district in Kakaa-ko. The landscape architect was Belt Collins

Hawaii & Associates, Inc. and the client was Punahou School.

HONOR AWARD The Honor award went to the University

Of Hawaii At Manoa Center For Microbial Oceanography: Research And Education Hale in Manoa Valley located on the Island of Oahu.

C-MORE Hale serves as a model for envi-ronmental sustainability by incorporating the first, large scale, modular green roof in Hawaii and using native plants and materials to emphasize the Hawaiian sense of place, while reducing irrigation water use and minimizing maintenance requirements. The landscape architect was Walters, Kimura, Motoda, Inc. and the client was the University of Hawaii.AWARD OF ExCELLENCE

Walters, Komoda, Motoda Inc. was honored with the top award of the evening, the award of excellence in the general design category

Hawaii and the client was Hawaii Community Development Authority

MERIT AWARDThe University of Hawaii West Oahu

Non-Campus Lands Urban Design Plan in Kapolei won a Merit award. The plan serves to define the design character of the property surrounding the new 7,600 student Univer-sity of Hawaii West Oahu campus in Kapolei. The landscape architect was PBR Hawaii & Associates, Inc. and the client was University of Hawaii.

HONOR AWARDThe third award was an Honor award for

the Marine Corps Base Guam Installation Appearance Plan on the Island of Guam. The installation appearance plan provides the highest quality working and living environ-ment for Marine Corps Base Guam personnel. The landscape architect was Walters, Kimura, Motoda, Inc. and the client was Pacific Depart-ment of the Navy.

Research and Communications Category Awards

The research and communications category recognizes achievements in communicating landscape architecture works, techniques, technologies, history, or theory, and the lesson value to an intended audience.

MERIT AWARD The Ke Ala Hele Makalae Signage Program

on the Island of Kauai was awarded a Merit award. The purpose of the Ke Ala Hele Maka-lae (East Kauai’s Coastal Shared-Path) signage program is to educate visitors and residents of the rich history of Kauai’s eastern shoreline. The landscape architect was PBR Hawaii & Associates, Inc. and the client was County of Kauai.

for the courtyard revitalization project at the No. 1 Capitol District Building in downtown Honolulu. The courtyard’s landscape, historic architecture, and works of art merge into an urban oasis that stimulates the senses. The landscape architect was Walters, Kimura, Mo-toda, Inc. and the client was the Hawaii State Foundation on Culture and the Arts.

Residential Design Category Awards

The residential design category recognizes built works of landscape architecture for residential use. Three projects received awards in this category.

MERIT AWARDThe Alapapa Residence located in Kailua on

the Island of Oahu received the Merit award. The Alapapa Residence is a LEED Platinum certified sustainable home. The design

The Malama ‘Aina Award This award recognizes individuals or or-

ganizations outside of the field of Landscape Architecture for distinctive efforts in promot-ing the preservation and enhancement of the landscape in Hawaii. Past recipients have been Mayor Jeremy Harris, The Outdoor Circle, HCDA, Beatrice Krauss, DLNR Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program, National Tropi-cal Botanical Gardens, County of Honolulu Department of Urban Forestry. This year’s recipients were Friends of Honolulu Botanical Gardens and Auwahi Forest Restoration.

FRIENDS OF HONOLuLu BOTANICAL GARDENS ON THE ISLAND OF OAHu

The Friends of Honolulu Botanical Gardens was organized in 1961 as the Friends of Foster Garden. Its purpose is to support the pro-grams of the Honolulu Botanical Gardens and to spread knowledge and the enjoyment of plants. The organization supported numerous plant collection expeditions, brought some of the world’s great authorities on botanical gar-dens to help plan additions to the collections and to evaluate Honolulu’s Botanical Gardens with other world famous botanical gardens.

AuWAHI FOREST RESTORATION PROjECT ON THE ISLAND OF MAuI

Over the past 10 years, Art Medeiros and his loyal crew have made over 173 volunteer trips to Auwahi and have planted over 82,323 native trees and plants. After 15 years, the Auwahi Forest Restoration project on Maui has decreased non-native grasses from 75% to less than 1%. Amazingly, the fruits of their collective restoration work can be seen from outer space via Google Earth.

Po‘okela AwardThis award means “striving for the best,

commitment to excellence, champion, or

hAwAII LANDSCAPE

ARChITECTAwARDSBY BrAin woLf And CHriS dACuS

ABOVE: Outdoor Living In Manoa project by Stephen Haus; RIGHT: The No. 1 Capitol District Building courtyard designed by Walters, Kimura, Motoda, Inc.

ABOVE: The Omidyar K-1 Neighborhood at Punahou School designed by PBR Hawaii.; RIGHT: UH Center For Microbial Oceanography: Research And Education Hale designed by Walters, Kimura, Motoda, Inc.

22 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 23

The Hawaii Chapter of the American Society of Land-scape Architects held its awards on September 14, 2012 at the Pacific Club. The awards gala is held every three years

and honors landscape architectural firms in four categories: research and communications, planning and analysis, residential design, and general design. In each category, there are three levels of awards: Merit Award, Honor Award, and the Award of Excellence for the most outstanding projects. Five Hawaii-based landscape architectural design firms were honored with 11 awards.

This year’s jury was Heidi Bornhorst, Clark Llewellyn, Paul Luersen, Jonelle Oshiro, Judith Stilgenbauer, Jon Wallenstrom and Phillip White.

General Design Category AwardsThe general design category recognizes

site-specific works of landscape architectural design or urban design. Four projects received awards in the general design category.

MERIT AWARDThe NFL Youth Education Town Hawaii

located in Nanakuli on the Island of Oahu re-ceived a Merit award. The Nanakuli NFL Youth Education Town is the first LEED Gold Certi-fied after-school facility in the nationwide. The landscape architect developed a site program based on Low Impact Development principles through native vegetation, permeable concrete, rainwater catchment system. The landscape architect was Ki Concepts LLC and the client was the Boys and Girls Club of Hawaii.

MERIT AWARDThe Punahou School Omidyar K-1 Neigh-

borhood in Honolulu on the Island of Oahu received a Merit award. The landscape for the LEED Platinum Certified Omidyar K-1 Neigh-borhood at Punahou School was designed to provide a hands-on learning experience tailored to educating students about natural science, sustainability, and environmental stewardship from an early age. Children en-gage in the exploration of the bioswales, grow their own fruits and vegetables, and have free reign of the play structures and contemplative courtyards. The landscape architect was PBR

included meeting LEED requirements and a request to Hawaii State Department of Health for review of a grey water system for irrigation use. The landscape architect was Belt Collins Hawaii.

MERIT AWARDThe Kona Residence located in South Ko-

hala on the Island of Hawaii received a Merit award. The landscape architecture of the Kona Residence embraces the contemporary design of the architecture and existing natural lava field while incorporating sustainable practices through native plantings, rainwater harvest-ing, naturally heated pools, and recycled materials. The landscape architect was Belt Collins Hawaii.

HONOR AWARDThe Outdoor Living In Manoa project

received the Honor Award located in Manoa Valley on the Island of Oahu. The landscape is a series of outdoor living rooms with a Hawai-ian sense of place. The program called for a terrace and swimming pool, dining pavilion, and a jacuzzi, all placed on an existing sloping lawn. The landscape designer was Stephen Haus.

Analysis and Planning Category Awards

The analysis and planning category recog-nizes the wide variety of professional activi-ties that lead to, guide or evaluate landscape architecture. Three projects received awards in this category.

MERIT AWARDThe Kaka‘ako Form Base Code Planning in

Honolulu won a Merit award. The landscape architect developed a form base code plan for the 450-acre redevelopment district in Kakaa-ko. The landscape architect was Belt Collins

Hawaii & Associates, Inc. and the client was Punahou School.

HONOR AWARD The Honor award went to the University

Of Hawaii At Manoa Center For Microbial Oceanography: Research And Education Hale in Manoa Valley located on the Island of Oahu.

C-MORE Hale serves as a model for envi-ronmental sustainability by incorporating the first, large scale, modular green roof in Hawaii and using native plants and materials to emphasize the Hawaiian sense of place, while reducing irrigation water use and minimizing maintenance requirements. The landscape architect was Walters, Kimura, Motoda, Inc. and the client was the University of Hawaii.AWARD OF ExCELLENCE

Walters, Komoda, Motoda Inc. was honored with the top award of the evening, the award of excellence in the general design category

Hawaii and the client was Hawaii Community Development Authority

MERIT AWARDThe University of Hawaii West Oahu

Non-Campus Lands Urban Design Plan in Kapolei won a Merit award. The plan serves to define the design character of the property surrounding the new 7,600 student Univer-sity of Hawaii West Oahu campus in Kapolei. The landscape architect was PBR Hawaii & Associates, Inc. and the client was University of Hawaii.

HONOR AWARDThe third award was an Honor award for

the Marine Corps Base Guam Installation Appearance Plan on the Island of Guam. The installation appearance plan provides the highest quality working and living environ-ment for Marine Corps Base Guam personnel. The landscape architect was Walters, Kimura, Motoda, Inc. and the client was Pacific Depart-ment of the Navy.

Research and Communications Category Awards

The research and communications category recognizes achievements in communicating landscape architecture works, techniques, technologies, history, or theory, and the lesson value to an intended audience.

MERIT AWARD The Ke Ala Hele Makalae Signage Program

on the Island of Kauai was awarded a Merit award. The purpose of the Ke Ala Hele Maka-lae (East Kauai’s Coastal Shared-Path) signage program is to educate visitors and residents of the rich history of Kauai’s eastern shoreline. The landscape architect was PBR Hawaii & Associates, Inc. and the client was County of Kauai.

for the courtyard revitalization project at the No. 1 Capitol District Building in downtown Honolulu. The courtyard’s landscape, historic architecture, and works of art merge into an urban oasis that stimulates the senses. The landscape architect was Walters, Kimura, Mo-toda, Inc. and the client was the Hawaii State Foundation on Culture and the Arts.

Residential Design Category Awards

The residential design category recognizes built works of landscape architecture for residential use. Three projects received awards in this category.

MERIT AWARDThe Alapapa Residence located in Kailua on

the Island of Oahu received the Merit award. The Alapapa Residence is a LEED Platinum certified sustainable home. The design

The Malama ‘Aina Award This award recognizes individuals or or-

ganizations outside of the field of Landscape Architecture for distinctive efforts in promot-ing the preservation and enhancement of the landscape in Hawaii. Past recipients have been Mayor Jeremy Harris, The Outdoor Circle, HCDA, Beatrice Krauss, DLNR Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program, National Tropi-cal Botanical Gardens, County of Honolulu Department of Urban Forestry. This year’s recipients were Friends of Honolulu Botanical Gardens and Auwahi Forest Restoration.

FRIENDS OF HONOLuLu BOTANICAL GARDENS ON THE ISLAND OF OAHu

The Friends of Honolulu Botanical Gardens was organized in 1961 as the Friends of Foster Garden. Its purpose is to support the pro-grams of the Honolulu Botanical Gardens and to spread knowledge and the enjoyment of plants. The organization supported numerous plant collection expeditions, brought some of the world’s great authorities on botanical gar-dens to help plan additions to the collections and to evaluate Honolulu’s Botanical Gardens with other world famous botanical gardens.

AuWAHI FOREST RESTORATION PROjECT ON THE ISLAND OF MAuI

Over the past 10 years, Art Medeiros and his loyal crew have made over 173 volunteer trips to Auwahi and have planted over 82,323 native trees and plants. After 15 years, the Auwahi Forest Restoration project on Maui has decreased non-native grasses from 75% to less than 1%. Amazingly, the fruits of their collective restoration work can be seen from outer space via Google Earth.

Po‘okela AwardThis award means “striving for the best,

commitment to excellence, champion, or

hAwAII LANDSCAPE

ARChITECTAwARDSBY BrAin woLf And CHriS dACuS

ABOVE: Outdoor Living In Manoa project by Stephen Haus; RIGHT: The No. 1 Capitol District Building courtyard designed by Walters, Kimura, Motoda, Inc.

ABOVE: The Omidyar K-1 Neighborhood at Punahou School designed by PBR Hawaii.; RIGHT: UH Center For Microbial Oceanography: Research And Education Hale designed by Walters, Kimura, Motoda, Inc.

24 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 25THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

pinnacle of excellence.” This award recognizes local landscape architects who have made significant contributions and changed the way we look at landscape architecture. Past recipi-ents have been Juli M. Kimura Walters, George S. Walters, Paul Weissich, Tom Papandrew, and Raymond Cain. This year’s recipients were W. Frank Brandt, James R. Bell, Richard Tongg and Catherine and Robert Thompson.

W. FRANK BRANDTIn 1967, with his degree in hand, Frank be-

gan his career with his college classmates Bill Phillips & Russ Reddick with offices in Califor-nia, Colorado & Hawaii. The firm grew work-ing on projects across the Pacific, throughout the mainland and Europe. Frank’s vision grew into a multi-office corporation, PBR Hawaii, and has been well recognized for its landscape design & planning work both in Hawaii and nationally with over 60 award winning proj-ects. In 2000, Frank was elected a Fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects and in 2012 was honored by Cal Poly Pomona’s College of Environmental Design as one their most distinguished graduates of the program. His projects include Department of Hawai-ian Home Lands statewide land assessment, University of Hilo, University of Hawaii West Oahu Campus, Ko Olina Resort, Kamehame-aha Schools, Diamond Head Park master plan, and the Kahoolawe Island Use Plan.

jAMES R. BELLJim Bell received bachelor’s and master‘s

degrees in planning from Cornell University. He joined the firm of Belt Collins in 1967 and eventually went on to become the firm‘s chief planner, president and chairman, overseeing its expansion into multiple offices through-out the Asia and Pacific region. Under his leadership, the firm has won more than 100 prestigious awards for projects and plans from the American Planning Association, American Society of Land Architects, Urban Land Insti-tute, and other organizations. Jim is a fellow of both the American Institute of Certified Plan-ners and the American Society of Landscape Architects. Projects include Mauna Kea Beach Resort, Mauna Lani Beach Resort, Waiko-loa Beach Resort, Hualalai Resort Punahou School, Iolani School, Mid-Pacific Institute,

Kamehameha School, and Hawaii Preparatory Academy.

RICHARD TONGGRichard Tongg was born in Honoka’a on the

Big Island of Hawaii in 1899. In 1923, Richard graduated from the University of Hawaii with a B.S. in Agriculture and went on to earn a degree in Landscape Architecture from U.C. Berkeley. In 1928, Tongg returned to Hawaii, opened a nursery, and began a design/build practice. Tongg developed the tropical theme style that became the standard for Hawaii resorts and translated directly into modern day resort and residential landscapes throughout the tropical world. His projects include the Alexander and Baldwin Building, Honolulu Hale (Honolulu City Hall), the original Halekulani Hotel, Hono-lulu Airport, the Maui Hyatt Hotel, Gardens for the Vanderbilts, the Doris Duke Estate, the resi-dence of Gloria Baker, the residence of Henry Kaiser, and the residence of Clare Booth Luce.

CATHERINE & ROBERT THOMPSONThe Thompson’s were contemporaries of

Richard Tongg. Catherine Thompson was born in Nuuanu Valley in 1897. She received her mas-ters in Landscape Architecture from the Cam-bridge School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. While on the East Coast, Cath-erine met Robert Thompson. In 1926, Catherine and Robert returned to Honolulu, and started Thompson and Thompson. Catherine Thomp-son was Hawaii's first licensed Landscape Archi-tect. The Thompsons work is characterized by a classical formality with tropical plant material. Their projects include the Punchbowl National Cemetery of the Pacific, The Honolulu Academy of Art, Thomas Square Washington Place, Irwin Park, The Pacific Club, The Downtown YWCA, Honolulu Board of Water Supply Pumping Stations at Makiki, Aliamauna and Kuliouou, Ala Moana Park, the Doris Duke Estate, the Liljistrand Residence, and the Theodore Cooke Estate in Makiki Heights.

Brian Wolf is a project designer for Belt Collins and the Past President of the Hawaii Chapter of the American Society of Landscape Architects. Chris Dacus is a landscape architect and arborist for the Hawaii Department of Transportation, and the Trustee of the Hawaii Chapter of the American Society of Landscape Architects and the President of LICH.

Ke Ala Hele Makalae Signage Program designed by PBR Hawaii.

James Bell

Pookela Award recipient Frank Brandt accepting the distinguished alumni award from Cal Poly earlier this year.

KAUAI TEST ComPLETES2012 CERTIfICATIoNPRoGRAmT

he recent Kauai exam has added eight more CLTs to the growing number of Landscape Industry Certified Techni-cians in Hawaii. This has been a record year for numbers of

total candidates taking the exam and also for numbers gaining certification. The three Is-land exams tested 70 first time candidates and 41 taking re-tests, resulting in 40 additional CLTs state wide.

A growing number of employers includ-ing State and City & County positions are requiring Landscape Industry Certification as a primary requirement for employment. This has been a driving force in the increased demand for the LICH Training & Certification programs. The three Island training programs enrolled over 120 students in 2012. Since the beginning of the training and certification program in 2000 an estimated 1,000 students have completed training classes, 500 have taken the exams and 270 have earned certifica-tion. Many of those certified have received two or three different certification special-ties. A complete list of Hawaii CLTs and the respective certification specialties is available at www.landscapehawaii.org.

Those earning certification in Turf Main-tenance at the Kauai exam are: ▪ justin Kaina, self employed landscaper in Kapaa

▪ Bryson Long, National Tropical Botani cal Garden

▪ jason Silva, National Tropical Botanical Garden

▪ Kaimi Nebeshima, self employed landscaper in Kapaa

▪ Devin Troche, Pacific Landscapes & Irrigation

▪ Christopher Farley, National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, Honolulu

Earning an additional certification in Softscape Installation ▪ Eric Witt, self employed landscaper in Kapaa

▪ jaime Gonzalez, Kauai Nursery & Landscaping, Inc.

The 2013 Exam dates have been scheduled▪ Big Island (Kona) hands on test......June 22▪ Oahu hands on test ....................August 10▪ Kauai hands on test ............ September 14

Training classes on all three Islands will begin several months before the test date. Check the web site for more details as the dates approach.

Jay Deputy is the state administrator for the Certified Landscape Technician program and a member of the LICH Board of Directors.

BY JAY depuTY

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The Honolulu Academy of Arts designed by Thompson and Thompson.

24 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 25THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

pinnacle of excellence.” This award recognizes local landscape architects who have made significant contributions and changed the way we look at landscape architecture. Past recipi-ents have been Juli M. Kimura Walters, George S. Walters, Paul Weissich, Tom Papandrew, and Raymond Cain. This year’s recipients were W. Frank Brandt, James R. Bell, Richard Tongg and Catherine and Robert Thompson.

W. FRANK BRANDTIn 1967, with his degree in hand, Frank be-

gan his career with his college classmates Bill Phillips & Russ Reddick with offices in Califor-nia, Colorado & Hawaii. The firm grew work-ing on projects across the Pacific, throughout the mainland and Europe. Frank’s vision grew into a multi-office corporation, PBR Hawaii, and has been well recognized for its landscape design & planning work both in Hawaii and nationally with over 60 award winning proj-ects. In 2000, Frank was elected a Fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects and in 2012 was honored by Cal Poly Pomona’s College of Environmental Design as one their most distinguished graduates of the program. His projects include Department of Hawai-ian Home Lands statewide land assessment, University of Hilo, University of Hawaii West Oahu Campus, Ko Olina Resort, Kamehame-aha Schools, Diamond Head Park master plan, and the Kahoolawe Island Use Plan.

jAMES R. BELLJim Bell received bachelor’s and master‘s

degrees in planning from Cornell University. He joined the firm of Belt Collins in 1967 and eventually went on to become the firm‘s chief planner, president and chairman, overseeing its expansion into multiple offices through-out the Asia and Pacific region. Under his leadership, the firm has won more than 100 prestigious awards for projects and plans from the American Planning Association, American Society of Land Architects, Urban Land Insti-tute, and other organizations. Jim is a fellow of both the American Institute of Certified Plan-ners and the American Society of Landscape Architects. Projects include Mauna Kea Beach Resort, Mauna Lani Beach Resort, Waiko-loa Beach Resort, Hualalai Resort Punahou School, Iolani School, Mid-Pacific Institute,

Kamehameha School, and Hawaii Preparatory Academy.

RICHARD TONGGRichard Tongg was born in Honoka’a on the

Big Island of Hawaii in 1899. In 1923, Richard graduated from the University of Hawaii with a B.S. in Agriculture and went on to earn a degree in Landscape Architecture from U.C. Berkeley. In 1928, Tongg returned to Hawaii, opened a nursery, and began a design/build practice. Tongg developed the tropical theme style that became the standard for Hawaii resorts and translated directly into modern day resort and residential landscapes throughout the tropical world. His projects include the Alexander and Baldwin Building, Honolulu Hale (Honolulu City Hall), the original Halekulani Hotel, Hono-lulu Airport, the Maui Hyatt Hotel, Gardens for the Vanderbilts, the Doris Duke Estate, the resi-dence of Gloria Baker, the residence of Henry Kaiser, and the residence of Clare Booth Luce.

CATHERINE & ROBERT THOMPSONThe Thompson’s were contemporaries of

Richard Tongg. Catherine Thompson was born in Nuuanu Valley in 1897. She received her mas-ters in Landscape Architecture from the Cam-bridge School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. While on the East Coast, Cath-erine met Robert Thompson. In 1926, Catherine and Robert returned to Honolulu, and started Thompson and Thompson. Catherine Thomp-son was Hawaii's first licensed Landscape Archi-tect. The Thompsons work is characterized by a classical formality with tropical plant material. Their projects include the Punchbowl National Cemetery of the Pacific, The Honolulu Academy of Art, Thomas Square Washington Place, Irwin Park, The Pacific Club, The Downtown YWCA, Honolulu Board of Water Supply Pumping Stations at Makiki, Aliamauna and Kuliouou, Ala Moana Park, the Doris Duke Estate, the Liljistrand Residence, and the Theodore Cooke Estate in Makiki Heights.

Brian Wolf is a project designer for Belt Collins and the Past President of the Hawaii Chapter of the American Society of Landscape Architects. Chris Dacus is a landscape architect and arborist for the Hawaii Department of Transportation, and the Trustee of the Hawaii Chapter of the American Society of Landscape Architects and the President of LICH.

Ke Ala Hele Makalae Signage Program designed by PBR Hawaii.

James Bell

Pookela Award recipient Frank Brandt accepting the distinguished alumni award from Cal Poly earlier this year.

KAUAI TEST ComPLETES2012 CERTIfICATIoNPRoGRAmT

he recent Kauai exam has added eight more CLTs to the growing number of Landscape Industry Certified Techni-cians in Hawaii. This has been a record year for numbers of

total candidates taking the exam and also for numbers gaining certification. The three Is-land exams tested 70 first time candidates and 41 taking re-tests, resulting in 40 additional CLTs state wide.

A growing number of employers includ-ing State and City & County positions are requiring Landscape Industry Certification as a primary requirement for employment. This has been a driving force in the increased demand for the LICH Training & Certification programs. The three Island training programs enrolled over 120 students in 2012. Since the beginning of the training and certification program in 2000 an estimated 1,000 students have completed training classes, 500 have taken the exams and 270 have earned certifica-tion. Many of those certified have received two or three different certification special-ties. A complete list of Hawaii CLTs and the respective certification specialties is available at www.landscapehawaii.org.

Those earning certification in Turf Main-tenance at the Kauai exam are: ▪ justin Kaina, self employed landscaper in Kapaa

▪ Bryson Long, National Tropical Botani cal Garden

▪ jason Silva, National Tropical Botanical Garden

▪ Kaimi Nebeshima, self employed landscaper in Kapaa

▪ Devin Troche, Pacific Landscapes & Irrigation

▪ Christopher Farley, National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, Honolulu

Earning an additional certification in Softscape Installation ▪ Eric Witt, self employed landscaper in Kapaa

▪ jaime Gonzalez, Kauai Nursery & Landscaping, Inc.

The 2013 Exam dates have been scheduled▪ Big Island (Kona) hands on test......June 22▪ Oahu hands on test ....................August 10▪ Kauai hands on test ............ September 14

Training classes on all three Islands will begin several months before the test date. Check the web site for more details as the dates approach.

Jay Deputy is the state administrator for the Certified Landscape Technician program and a member of the LICH Board of Directors.

BY JAY depuTY

PB 265L Backpack Blower• 25.4 cc professional-grade 2-stroke engine• Low noise

P R O G R A M

www.echo-usa.com/fleet

AH242 Hedge Trimmer

• 23.9 cc engine• 22” chrome plated blades

$60599$60599

SAVE ON MULTIPLE UNIT PURCHASES

Waipahu, HI(808) 676-5534

Waipahu, HI(808) 677-1071

Honolulu, HI(808) 848-5534

ALOHA POWER EQUIPMENT

WAIPAHU LAWN EQUIPMENT

$29999$29999

If you plan to buy new outdoor power equipment for your crew this spring, consider joining the ECHO and & Shindaiwa Fleet Program.

The Honolulu Academy of Arts designed by Thompson and Thompson.

26 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 27THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

Purchase open land, build a dwelling, operating loans, line of credit, equipment purchase, truck or automobile purchase, refinance a mortgage or agree-ment of sale, etc.

Both the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA and Hawaii Production Credit association can custom design a

loan to meet your needs.

We offer: Long term loans, short term loans, competitive interest rate programs, flexible repayment schedules, excellent loan servicing options, etc. We also have programs for Young, Beginning, Small and Minority Farmers.

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Oahu Office 2850 Pa‘a Street, Suite 100 Honolulu, HI 96819 Phone: 808-836-8009 Fax: 808-836-8610 www.hawaiifarmcredit.com

Hilo Office 988 Kinoole Street Hilo, HI 96720 Phone: 808-961-3708 Fax: 808-961-5494

From the Neighbor Islands Call Toll Free 1-800-894-4996

FCS of Hawaii, ACA is part of the Farm Credit System, a nationwide system of leading agricultural financial institutions which started in 1917. FCS of Hawaii, ACA has been doing business in Hawaii since 1966 through its subsidiary the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA. The FCS of Hawaii, ACA is not a Federal Agency of the Federal Government.

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A “moST UNwANTED PEST”– LoBATE LAC SCALE

foUND oN oAhU

Lobate lac scale (Paratachardina pseudolobata) was discovered on Oahu at Moanalua Gardens dur-ing the Hawaii Tree Climbing Championship the first weekend in October. To the large gather-

ing of arborists, it was obvious that something was wrong with a Weeping Banyan (Ficus ben-jamina) there. It had major dieback and the part that wasn’t dead was heavily covered in black. Trees of Hawaii, Inc. dropped off samples to Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) who identified it as lobate lac scale, a pest new to Hawaii. It had previously been known to oc-cur only in Florida in the U.S. and was included in the Most Unwanted Pests in the United States poster compiled by Arnold Hara et al (CTAHR Publication IP-29, February 2011).

After receiving the sample, HDOA sur-veyed Moanalua Gardens and found lobate lac scale infesting the Weeping Banyan, Chinese banyan, Red Hibiscus, native White Hibiscus, and Mango. It has been found infesting a total of 17 plant species on Oahu so far. One of the concerns about this pest is its broad range of hosts. In the U.S., there are 200 known hosts. Worldwide, there are over 300 known hosts. No one knows where the pest originates. The black substance found on the tree is a sooty mold growing on the honeydew excreted by the lobate lac scale. Based on the amount of time for the pest’s life cycle and the different stages found at Moanalua Gardens, the infesta-tion has been there for at least a year. The pest is well established on Oahu and has so far been found in Moanalua, Pawaa, Pearl Harbor, Pearl City, and Punchbowl. Hibiscus and citrus are favorite host plants for this pest.

Arnold Hara, an ornamental entomologist for CTAHR, checked with Florida for recom-mended treatment methods of lobate lac scale. Merit drenches were effective there. Combin-ing these with trunk sprays of Safari is also rec-ommended, because Safari is more soluble and should give a quicker uptake but has a shorter residual than Merit. Doing other things to optimize plant health, like proper irrigation, mulching, and alleviating soil compaction around the plant, should help build the plant’s resistance to infestation. HDOA may consider biological control as a future option.

Darcy Oishi, Biological Control Section Chief of the HDOA Plant Pest Control Branch, has requested that if anyone finds these scales at any new locations, please let HDOA know right away. If you find this pest, please contact:

Email: hdoa.ppc@hawaii.gov Oahu: 973-9525 (voice mail)

Leave your name and phone number and HDOA will call you back for more information.

Maui: 873-3555 (Mach Fukada)Big Island – Hilo: 974-4146 (Patrick Conant)Big Island – Kona: 323-7579 (Rob Curtiss)Kauai: – 274-3072 (Craig Kaneshige)

As for the Weeping Banyan where the pest was first found, Aloha Arborist Association (AAA) held a volunteer workday to prune off the dead wood and treat the tree on Novem-ber 3, 2012. AAA members will be checking the tree periodically to see how it is responding to treatment.

Carol Kwan is the President of Carol Kwan Consulting, a Certified Arborist, and the Secretary of Aloha Arborist Association. Mahalo to HDOA for its input and review of this article. Close up of adult female lobate lac scales.

Phot

os: B

rand

on A

u

Phot

o: W

alte

r Nag

amin

e, H

DO

A

BY BrAndon Au And Terri-Ann KoiKe

ThE mANAGERS of hoNoLULU’SURBAN foREST

The Division of Urban Forestry, also known as DUF, in the City and County of Honolulu’s Department of Parks and Recreation, has always been doing what they’re supposed

to do, their job. Once called the Beautification Division, DUF has two branches: Honolulu Botanical Gardens and Horticulture Services. In the Horticulture Services Branch, there are two sections: Nursery and Landscape and Arboriculture.

Headed by Stanley Oka, Administrator, this government organization has become an industry leader in arboriculture. DUF manages over 240,000 trees on the Island of O`ahu within the City’s rights-of-way and in City parks. This is the largest inventory of trees managed by an entity in the urban environment. And this inventory grows every year due to inspected trees accepted through projects from other government agencies and from new subdivisions. On average, more than 2,000 new trees are added annually. In addition, the Nursery and Landscape section plants a few hundred new trees annually.

Due to the growing size of DUF’s tree inventory, the majority of the pruning is performed under contract by private tree trim-ming companies. The awarded contractor is required to have a Qualified Arborist on staff, who is approved by DUF, showing competency as a Certified Arborist with at least three years of relevant experience after certification. This requirement also applies to all City projects when working near trees. DUF set this stan-dard over 10 years ago requiring not only a Certified Arborist, but a Qualified Arborist.

DUF has been evolving and has implement-ed practices to save and protect existing trees, remove trees that may pose a risk, and plant replacement and new trees where possible. As a start, certification has become a standard in this organization. DUF employs 29 ISA Certified Arborists (3 Municipal Specialists), 19 ISA Certified Tree Workers (Aerial Lift and Climber), 5 PNW Tree Risk Assessors, 1 ASCA Registered Consulting Arborist, 20 Hawaii State Certified Applicator of Restricted Use Pesticides, and 2 PLANET Certified Landscape Technicians. Besides the astounding number of certifications, DUF employees collectively possess hundreds of years of experience.

An example of the protect, remove, replace practice, DUF personnel examined coconut palms in Waikiki near the Natatorium/Aquar-ium area. 14 of the more than 200 palms in

the area were determined to require removal, and 20 palms were planted in their place. This has been an ongoing project with palms being removed and replaced over several cycles. By examining the grove, you can see palms of varying heights and ages.

Urban trees and palms lead a rough life – people and equipment running over their root zone, spotty watering due to faulty irrigation or the whims of nature, mechanical damage, vandalism, pollution, severe weather…the list goes on and on. DUF’s job is to mitigate against these challenges to extend the lives of the trees and palms in their inventory, and when necessary, remove and replace them.

In January 2007, the islands were hit with two major storms one right after the other. When most people were in the safety of their own homes, DUF was out there on the road in the midst of the storm. DUF crews were rotated to work around the clock to address potential risks posed by fallen trees, hanging branches, etc. There were more than 500 calls

ABOVE: 2012 Mayor’s Arbor Day at Kamilo Iki Community Park; RIGHT: 2012 City’s Christmas tree being installed at Honolulu Hale.

See DUF on page 29

C A R O L K W A N

COLUMNpest

26 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 27THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

Purchase open land, build a dwelling, operating loans, line of credit, equipment purchase, truck or automobile purchase, refinance a mortgage or agree-ment of sale, etc.

Both the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA and Hawaii Production Credit association can custom design a

loan to meet your needs.

We offer: Long term loans, short term loans, competitive interest rate programs, flexible repayment schedules, excellent loan servicing options, etc. We also have programs for Young, Beginning, Small and Minority Farmers.

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Hilo Office 988 Kinoole Street Hilo, HI 96720 Phone: 808-961-3708 Fax: 808-961-5494

From the Neighbor Islands Call Toll Free 1-800-894-4996

FCS of Hawaii, ACA is part of the Farm Credit System, a nationwide system of leading agricultural financial institutions which started in 1917. FCS of Hawaii, ACA has been doing business in Hawaii since 1966 through its subsidiary the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA. The FCS of Hawaii, ACA is not a Federal Agency of the Federal Government.

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A “moST UNwANTED PEST”– LoBATE LAC SCALE

foUND oN oAhU

Lobate lac scale (Paratachardina pseudolobata) was discovered on Oahu at Moanalua Gardens dur-ing the Hawaii Tree Climbing Championship the first weekend in October. To the large gather-

ing of arborists, it was obvious that something was wrong with a Weeping Banyan (Ficus ben-jamina) there. It had major dieback and the part that wasn’t dead was heavily covered in black. Trees of Hawaii, Inc. dropped off samples to Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) who identified it as lobate lac scale, a pest new to Hawaii. It had previously been known to oc-cur only in Florida in the U.S. and was included in the Most Unwanted Pests in the United States poster compiled by Arnold Hara et al (CTAHR Publication IP-29, February 2011).

After receiving the sample, HDOA sur-veyed Moanalua Gardens and found lobate lac scale infesting the Weeping Banyan, Chinese banyan, Red Hibiscus, native White Hibiscus, and Mango. It has been found infesting a total of 17 plant species on Oahu so far. One of the concerns about this pest is its broad range of hosts. In the U.S., there are 200 known hosts. Worldwide, there are over 300 known hosts. No one knows where the pest originates. The black substance found on the tree is a sooty mold growing on the honeydew excreted by the lobate lac scale. Based on the amount of time for the pest’s life cycle and the different stages found at Moanalua Gardens, the infesta-tion has been there for at least a year. The pest is well established on Oahu and has so far been found in Moanalua, Pawaa, Pearl Harbor, Pearl City, and Punchbowl. Hibiscus and citrus are favorite host plants for this pest.

Arnold Hara, an ornamental entomologist for CTAHR, checked with Florida for recom-mended treatment methods of lobate lac scale. Merit drenches were effective there. Combin-ing these with trunk sprays of Safari is also rec-ommended, because Safari is more soluble and should give a quicker uptake but has a shorter residual than Merit. Doing other things to optimize plant health, like proper irrigation, mulching, and alleviating soil compaction around the plant, should help build the plant’s resistance to infestation. HDOA may consider biological control as a future option.

Darcy Oishi, Biological Control Section Chief of the HDOA Plant Pest Control Branch, has requested that if anyone finds these scales at any new locations, please let HDOA know right away. If you find this pest, please contact:

Email: hdoa.ppc@hawaii.gov Oahu: 973-9525 (voice mail)

Leave your name and phone number and HDOA will call you back for more information.

Maui: 873-3555 (Mach Fukada)Big Island – Hilo: 974-4146 (Patrick Conant)Big Island – Kona: 323-7579 (Rob Curtiss)Kauai: – 274-3072 (Craig Kaneshige)

As for the Weeping Banyan where the pest was first found, Aloha Arborist Association (AAA) held a volunteer workday to prune off the dead wood and treat the tree on Novem-ber 3, 2012. AAA members will be checking the tree periodically to see how it is responding to treatment.

Carol Kwan is the President of Carol Kwan Consulting, a Certified Arborist, and the Secretary of Aloha Arborist Association. Mahalo to HDOA for its input and review of this article. Close up of adult female lobate lac scales.

Phot

os: B

rand

on A

u

Phot

o: W

alte

r Nag

amin

e, H

DO

A

BY BrAndon Au And Terri-Ann KoiKe

ThE mANAGERS of hoNoLULU’SURBAN foREST

The Division of Urban Forestry, also known as DUF, in the City and County of Honolulu’s Department of Parks and Recreation, has always been doing what they’re supposed

to do, their job. Once called the Beautification Division, DUF has two branches: Honolulu Botanical Gardens and Horticulture Services. In the Horticulture Services Branch, there are two sections: Nursery and Landscape and Arboriculture.

Headed by Stanley Oka, Administrator, this government organization has become an industry leader in arboriculture. DUF manages over 240,000 trees on the Island of O`ahu within the City’s rights-of-way and in City parks. This is the largest inventory of trees managed by an entity in the urban environment. And this inventory grows every year due to inspected trees accepted through projects from other government agencies and from new subdivisions. On average, more than 2,000 new trees are added annually. In addition, the Nursery and Landscape section plants a few hundred new trees annually.

Due to the growing size of DUF’s tree inventory, the majority of the pruning is performed under contract by private tree trim-ming companies. The awarded contractor is required to have a Qualified Arborist on staff, who is approved by DUF, showing competency as a Certified Arborist with at least three years of relevant experience after certification. This requirement also applies to all City projects when working near trees. DUF set this stan-dard over 10 years ago requiring not only a Certified Arborist, but a Qualified Arborist.

DUF has been evolving and has implement-ed practices to save and protect existing trees, remove trees that may pose a risk, and plant replacement and new trees where possible. As a start, certification has become a standard in this organization. DUF employs 29 ISA Certified Arborists (3 Municipal Specialists), 19 ISA Certified Tree Workers (Aerial Lift and Climber), 5 PNW Tree Risk Assessors, 1 ASCA Registered Consulting Arborist, 20 Hawaii State Certified Applicator of Restricted Use Pesticides, and 2 PLANET Certified Landscape Technicians. Besides the astounding number of certifications, DUF employees collectively possess hundreds of years of experience.

An example of the protect, remove, replace practice, DUF personnel examined coconut palms in Waikiki near the Natatorium/Aquar-ium area. 14 of the more than 200 palms in

the area were determined to require removal, and 20 palms were planted in their place. This has been an ongoing project with palms being removed and replaced over several cycles. By examining the grove, you can see palms of varying heights and ages.

Urban trees and palms lead a rough life – people and equipment running over their root zone, spotty watering due to faulty irrigation or the whims of nature, mechanical damage, vandalism, pollution, severe weather…the list goes on and on. DUF’s job is to mitigate against these challenges to extend the lives of the trees and palms in their inventory, and when necessary, remove and replace them.

In January 2007, the islands were hit with two major storms one right after the other. When most people were in the safety of their own homes, DUF was out there on the road in the midst of the storm. DUF crews were rotated to work around the clock to address potential risks posed by fallen trees, hanging branches, etc. There were more than 500 calls

ABOVE: 2012 Mayor’s Arbor Day at Kamilo Iki Community Park; RIGHT: 2012 City’s Christmas tree being installed at Honolulu Hale.

See DUF on page 29

C A R O L K W A N

COLUMNpest

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 29THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

PERMEABLE PAVERS MAKE PROJECTS POSSIBLE

GO GREEN WITH THE AQUAPAVE PERMEABLE ON SITE STORMWATER SOURCE CONTROL SYSTEM

WHEN IT POURS …… IT STORES

BENEFITS NO SLOPING REQUIRED INFILTRATES UP TO 354 INCHES OF RUNOFF AN

HOUR ROOF WATER MANAGEMENT GROUNDWATER TABLE RECHARGING WATER HARVESTING OIL CONTAMINATES MANAGEMENT FILTERING & TREATMENT OF POLLUTANTS LOWER CONSTRUCTION & LIFE CYCLE COSTS 30-40 YEAR LIFESPAN SLIP AND SKID RESISTANT UP TO 12 LEED POINTS GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS CONSIDERED A BMP COMPLIES WITH NPDES PAVERS CAN BE ENGRAVED FOR FUNDRAISING

APPLICATIONS PARKING LOTS RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS COMMERCIAL ENTRANCES SIDEWALKS PLAZAS LOW SPEED RESIDENTIAL ROADS

FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT FUTURA STONE OF HAWAII

WWW.FUTURASTONEHAWAII.COM

841-7433 C23741

p H Y L L I S J O N E S

TIPStool how To

ANoThER yEAR!SURVIVE

HAPPY NEW YEAR to all! Hope your holidays were merry, and you are energized and ready for the New Year.

During the holidays I always become reflective and somewhat philosophical. While this may be a result of aging, I have found that my thinking has changed and evolved over the years. Locally, the landscape industry with its many facets

has seen many changes over the past year — companies closing, companies opening, changes in location, and changes in dis-

tribution. The consistent

theme was that business

was slow, and competition was more intense. Many companies responded by diversifying and broadening their services. Others sought new, more efficient ways of working in order to save money and keep down costs. Others just complained and did nothing. Unfortu-nately, the outlook for the New Year seems to suggest that this New Year will not be vastly different.

Here are some suggestions, which may help to make your new year less stressful, and more SUCCESSFUL.

1. IF yOuR PLAN IS TO REPLACE yOuR OLD EquIPMENT, MAKE SMART PuRCHASES. Know

specifically what you need. For example, all mowers cut grass. What kind of mower does your situation call for — reel, rotary, self-propelled, push, walk-behind, riding? Often times the problems that people have with their equipment is wrong application and/or unrealistic expectations. Do you know what is available in the marketplace? How do they compare in price? How much maintenance does each require, and are you equipped and/or prepared to do the maintenance?

2. STREAMLINE yOuR PARTS SHELF AND MAINTAIN IT. Know what

parts are maintenance parts and keep them in stock. Know

what parts are available locally and which need

to be ordered. Here is a useful hint: develop a relationship with your vendor/vendors. They should communicate to you that they want to help you and make your job easier. Remember part of what you are paying for when you buy from them is their expertise.

3. KEEP CuRRENT WITH CHANGES IN THE INDuSTRy BOTH LOCALLy AND NATIONALLy.

Think about how these changes will impact what you do, and how you do it. When the two cycle Suzuki and Kawasaki engines were no longer EPA compliant and could not be used on the hover mowers, how would this affect cutting on a slope? What would you use as an alternative? Do you know what pieces of equipment are now battery powered? Propane conversions are gaining in popular-ity across the country. Have you considered such a conversion, as an alternative to saving on fuel costs? Manufacturers are continu-ously making changes in their equipment—some are improvements, some are regulation required. I recommend you’re signing up to receive the OPEI (Outdoor Power Equipment Industry) news on-line. It has some interest-ing and helpful info. Talk to others in the industry, and find out what their experiences have been. Sharing information is one of the most efficient ways of keeping current. (Remember, we live on an island.) It won’t cost you anything, and personal recommen-dations allow you to get beyond the factory sales hype.

4. DON’T GET STuCK IN THE PAST. Get over it — your 10 year old trimmer

does not exist anymore. EPA regs and “clean air” standards have changed the design and mechanics of today’s

machines. You need to do your homework, and find what new machines

will meet your needs. If you purchase a machine that does not suit your application, it is not the

machines fault; it may not be entirely the salesman fault. You need to tell him what YOU need and be sure that it can do those things before you sign the paper; if such a machine does not exist, pick out the most important requirements and try to get as close as you can.

5. TAKE ADVANTAGE OF A COMPET-ITIVE BuSINESS ENVIRONMENT. Just as the big box stores are constant-

ly trying to become more consumer friendly by adjusting what they do and how they do it in order to get your last dollar. You should ex-pect no less from your vendors. Price, service, knowledge should be the criteria that you as a consumer should use to determine where you will spend your “last” dollar. Remember, if you expect nothing, you will get nothing.

My New Year’s Resolution for 2013. I’m not going to worry about my competition. My biggest competition is going to be myself, and how well I did last year. How can I do better this year? What do I need to do to improve the service I provide? How can I represent the industry as a whole in a more positive way? If I can answer these questions, then I will have a successful year. What will you do in order to have a better year?

Phyllis Jones is with A to Z Equipment and Sales, formally A to Z Rental Center, in business for over 25 years.

you have any trees concerns, please call DUF at 971-7151.

Brandon Au is the acting head of the Arboriculture Section and Terri-Ann Koike is the Administrative Specialist for the City’s Department of Parks and Recreation, Division of Urban Forestry.

to the office on the very first day. Organizing and preparing prior to the storm’s landfall gave DUF the upper hand to prevent and minimize the potential for major damage.

Additionally, the City and County of Honolulu has been named Tree City USA by the National Arbor Day Foundation for 31 years. Every year, the Mayor hosts an Arbor Day ceremony, usually on the first Friday of November. This year’s celebration was held on November 2 at Kamiloiki Community Park where all 400 students from Kamiloiki Elementary School, led by their student council representatives, assisted with mulch-ing two newly planted Monkeypod trees on the Lunalilo Home Road side of the park. DUF coordinated a second Arbor Day cel-ebration with Scenic Hawaii and the Kapi-olani Park Preservation Society by planting two rainbow shower trees in Kapiolani Park.

At the end of the year, a highlight of Ho-nolulu City Lights is the lighting of the May-or’s holiday tree, which has been harvested and installed by DUF personnel for over 15 years. A second tree has been harvested and installed by DUF personnel for at least the last six years for Kapolei City Lights.

At the end of the day, DUF is just doing their job and they are only getting better. If

Continued from page 26DUF

Unauthorized tree pruning due to construction for residential property.

28 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 29THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

PERMEABLE PAVERS MAKE PROJECTS POSSIBLE

GO GREEN WITH THE AQUAPAVE PERMEABLE ON SITE STORMWATER SOURCE CONTROL SYSTEM

WHEN IT POURS …… IT STORES

BENEFITS NO SLOPING REQUIRED INFILTRATES UP TO 354 INCHES OF RUNOFF AN

HOUR ROOF WATER MANAGEMENT GROUNDWATER TABLE RECHARGING WATER HARVESTING OIL CONTAMINATES MANAGEMENT FILTERING & TREATMENT OF POLLUTANTS LOWER CONSTRUCTION & LIFE CYCLE COSTS 30-40 YEAR LIFESPAN SLIP AND SKID RESISTANT UP TO 12 LEED POINTS GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS CONSIDERED A BMP COMPLIES WITH NPDES PAVERS CAN BE ENGRAVED FOR FUNDRAISING

APPLICATIONS PARKING LOTS RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS COMMERCIAL ENTRANCES SIDEWALKS PLAZAS LOW SPEED RESIDENTIAL ROADS

FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT FUTURA STONE OF HAWAII

WWW.FUTURASTONEHAWAII.COM

841-7433 C23741

p H Y L L I S J O N E S

TIPStool how To

ANoThER yEAR!SURVIVE

HAPPY NEW YEAR to all! Hope your holidays were merry, and you are energized and ready for the New Year.

During the holidays I always become reflective and somewhat philosophical. While this may be a result of aging, I have found that my thinking has changed and evolved over the years. Locally, the landscape industry with its many facets

has seen many changes over the past year — companies closing, companies opening, changes in location, and changes in dis-

tribution. The consistent

theme was that business

was slow, and competition was more intense. Many companies responded by diversifying and broadening their services. Others sought new, more efficient ways of working in order to save money and keep down costs. Others just complained and did nothing. Unfortu-nately, the outlook for the New Year seems to suggest that this New Year will not be vastly different.

Here are some suggestions, which may help to make your new year less stressful, and more SUCCESSFUL.

1. IF yOuR PLAN IS TO REPLACE yOuR OLD EquIPMENT, MAKE SMART PuRCHASES. Know

specifically what you need. For example, all mowers cut grass. What kind of mower does your situation call for — reel, rotary, self-propelled, push, walk-behind, riding? Often times the problems that people have with their equipment is wrong application and/or unrealistic expectations. Do you know what is available in the marketplace? How do they compare in price? How much maintenance does each require, and are you equipped and/or prepared to do the maintenance?

2. STREAMLINE yOuR PARTS SHELF AND MAINTAIN IT. Know what

parts are maintenance parts and keep them in stock. Know

what parts are available locally and which need

to be ordered. Here is a useful hint: develop a relationship with your vendor/vendors. They should communicate to you that they want to help you and make your job easier. Remember part of what you are paying for when you buy from them is their expertise.

3. KEEP CuRRENT WITH CHANGES IN THE INDuSTRy BOTH LOCALLy AND NATIONALLy.

Think about how these changes will impact what you do, and how you do it. When the two cycle Suzuki and Kawasaki engines were no longer EPA compliant and could not be used on the hover mowers, how would this affect cutting on a slope? What would you use as an alternative? Do you know what pieces of equipment are now battery powered? Propane conversions are gaining in popular-ity across the country. Have you considered such a conversion, as an alternative to saving on fuel costs? Manufacturers are continu-ously making changes in their equipment—some are improvements, some are regulation required. I recommend you’re signing up to receive the OPEI (Outdoor Power Equipment Industry) news on-line. It has some interest-ing and helpful info. Talk to others in the industry, and find out what their experiences have been. Sharing information is one of the most efficient ways of keeping current. (Remember, we live on an island.) It won’t cost you anything, and personal recommen-dations allow you to get beyond the factory sales hype.

4. DON’T GET STuCK IN THE PAST. Get over it — your 10 year old trimmer

does not exist anymore. EPA regs and “clean air” standards have changed the design and mechanics of today’s

machines. You need to do your homework, and find what new machines

will meet your needs. If you purchase a machine that does not suit your application, it is not the

machines fault; it may not be entirely the salesman fault. You need to tell him what YOU need and be sure that it can do those things before you sign the paper; if such a machine does not exist, pick out the most important requirements and try to get as close as you can.

5. TAKE ADVANTAGE OF A COMPET-ITIVE BuSINESS ENVIRONMENT. Just as the big box stores are constant-

ly trying to become more consumer friendly by adjusting what they do and how they do it in order to get your last dollar. You should ex-pect no less from your vendors. Price, service, knowledge should be the criteria that you as a consumer should use to determine where you will spend your “last” dollar. Remember, if you expect nothing, you will get nothing.

My New Year’s Resolution for 2013. I’m not going to worry about my competition. My biggest competition is going to be myself, and how well I did last year. How can I do better this year? What do I need to do to improve the service I provide? How can I represent the industry as a whole in a more positive way? If I can answer these questions, then I will have a successful year. What will you do in order to have a better year?

Phyllis Jones is with A to Z Equipment and Sales, formally A to Z Rental Center, in business for over 25 years.

you have any trees concerns, please call DUF at 971-7151.

Brandon Au is the acting head of the Arboriculture Section and Terri-Ann Koike is the Administrative Specialist for the City’s Department of Parks and Recreation, Division of Urban Forestry.

to the office on the very first day. Organizing and preparing prior to the storm’s landfall gave DUF the upper hand to prevent and minimize the potential for major damage.

Additionally, the City and County of Honolulu has been named Tree City USA by the National Arbor Day Foundation for 31 years. Every year, the Mayor hosts an Arbor Day ceremony, usually on the first Friday of November. This year’s celebration was held on November 2 at Kamiloiki Community Park where all 400 students from Kamiloiki Elementary School, led by their student council representatives, assisted with mulch-ing two newly planted Monkeypod trees on the Lunalilo Home Road side of the park. DUF coordinated a second Arbor Day cel-ebration with Scenic Hawaii and the Kapi-olani Park Preservation Society by planting two rainbow shower trees in Kapiolani Park.

At the end of the year, a highlight of Ho-nolulu City Lights is the lighting of the May-or’s holiday tree, which has been harvested and installed by DUF personnel for over 15 years. A second tree has been harvested and installed by DUF personnel for at least the last six years for Kapolei City Lights.

At the end of the day, DUF is just doing their job and they are only getting better. If

Continued from page 26DUF

Unauthorized tree pruning due to construction for residential property.

28 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2013

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 31THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

*Offer good from October 1, 2012 to January 31, 2013 on select new models at Hawthorne CAT. Offer is available to customers in the USA and Canada only and cannot be combined with any other offers. Financing is subject to credit approval through Cat Financial. Additional terms and conditions may apply. Subject to change without prior notice.

**Offer good from October 1, 2012 to January 31, 2013 on select new models at Hawthorne CAT. Offer is available to customers in the USA and Canada only and cannot be combined with any other offers. Customers will receive a credit through Cat Financial Commercial Account based on participating dealers. All other customers will receive a dealer credit. Credits will expire on September 30, 2013. Additional terms and conditions may apply. Subject to change without prior notice.

CAT, CATERPILLAR, SAFETY.CAT.COM, their respective logos, “Caterpillar Yellow” and the “Power Edge” trade dress, as well as corporate and product identity used herein are trademarks of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission. © 2012 Caterpillar. All Rights Reserved.

808.677.9111www.pacific.hawthornecat.com

See inside the machines, spec sheets and more by going to www.catresourcecenter.com

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"IN ThE ComPANy of

PLANT PEoPLE"BY KeKuHi KeALi‘iKAnAKA‘oLeoHAiLiLAni

First of all, mahalo to Chris & Cheryl Dacus (and whoever their friend is who suggested my name in the first place) for inviting me to be a part of the Landscape Hawai‘i community.

Mahalo! Its a funny thing…because at about the time I received the email from Chris, I was entertaining the thought of creating a short writing piece on the topic of vegetation in hula AND also thinking about how that information could kokua others at the same time…AND LOOK!

So what will these columns be all about? And how shall we learn from each other?

First: I’ve been asked to share my thoughts on Hawai‘i plant culture that might be useful and hopefully interesting to you. I am most confident in hula plant culture and Hawaii plant culture as it has to do with the volcanic sphere of influence. From these knowledge basis, I’ve learned about how to make rela-tionships with other plant culture communi-

ties. So, if it's all right with you, that’s the platform I'll be sharing from. And if we get to a topic that I know very little about, then I'll invite a friend or two to the column to help out. Sound good so far?

Second: You should know that I don’t know much about the landscaping industry. So, I intend to learn.

Lastly: I would like to approach this column less like a report and more like a 6-session workshop of sorts. My commit-ment will be to provide you with a new and/or reclaimed tool from my trade every other month. Oh, what’s my trade? We’ll its hula, chant, mele composition, education at all levels pre-school to post master’s, curricu-lum development, Hawai-‘icology (I made that up. See column header), ritual design & implementation, and the articulation of Hawai‘i practice in the NOW from the mystic to the practical (although in my brain there’s actually no dichotomy between the two). I can do that! And if this article has any

claim on your curiosity, then your commit-ment can be: 1) to ask questions to prompt the following month’s topic - so I’ll ask Chris and Cheryl if they don’t mind collecting your questions & mana‘o and forwarding them to me (chris.dacus@gmail.com); 2) to practice what you ask for; 3) and, to teach what you practice. Fair-nuf?

In this first column, it makes sense to begin AT THE BEGINNING. No, not all the way back to Po, the darkness. Too far back. I was suggesting at the beginning of MY relationship to plant people so that while your reading and perhaps thinking, “where the heck is she coming from,” you’ll have a better idea. (BTW: I’ve committed to a 1-year series and if after that you find it hard to live another day without me, then we’ll figure something out. Good?)

Indeed, being “In the Company of Plant People” is one of my greatest joys. My infatu-ation with plant people comes from a life long participation in hula, which means a life long love affair and kinship with plant people and all their relations. To many, hula is en-tertainment, hula is economic stability, hula is spirit, hula is the dance of Hawai‘i, hula is a conservationist’s nightmare (related to me by my mentor and dear friend Lani Stemmer-man). Indeed, hula may be all those things, but for me, hula is a personal relationship with the Hawai‘i natural universe and all her processes and cycles.

At a very young age I was taught by my grandmother to relate to plant people as if my life depended on it. As a young adult hula person, I learned the protocols and chants necessary for harvesting (we’ll do a column on that later on), for greeting the forest, for planting (and a column on this later), for making leis (this too if you like) or picking for the hula shrine, for enticing the rain, for greeting the sun, and for bringing plant people back to health. In my mature adult-hood, I am able to travel the world, meet and make friends with other plant people (two of my good friends is the old father Gingko in Kamakura and the old mother Ora on Fatuhiva), their space and their communities.

So, what does all this talk about hula and relationships mean for the Landscaping practitioner?

I figure landscaping is not too much differ-ent from what we do in hula in the design-ing of a lei, or a hula shrine, or ‘a‘ahu (hula regalia), or choreography for that matter. In engaging in the activities of hula or landscap-ing, WE, you and I, are essentially cooking up a “recipe” for capturing a desired meta-physical, visual, and functional aesthetic. When I think about designing my personal hula shrine, I think about what energy I need from which plants and which primary ele-ments. I think about the geographic location of where those plants come from. Do I need to reflect more on the meaning of chant text in which case I would use plants that encour-age “reflection” Do I need to “strengthen”

certain areas in which case I would use a strengthening plant. Do I need to attract ocean energy to a ma uka landscape or vice versa. I ask myself similar questions when it comes to choreography or lei making or ritual design.

I am thinking that the notion of landscap-ing is not just about cultivating and planting plants, but its about cultivating relationships or the act of mahi-ing (look up mahi ‘ai, mahi i‘a, mahi and mahina in Puku‘i’s dictionary) between the plant people, people-people, and the Hawaii universal elements-people. In the end, concerning hula, chanting, teaching or traveling, I suppose its a question of alchemy and what our intended outcomes are. Is it like that for you?

In my brain, co-creating landscapes IS hula; Mahina La‘au IS the dance!

I am Kekuhi Kanae Kanahele Kealiikanaka-oleohaililani. My paternal family ties are to Keleikini of Kaua‘i, Nauoho of Hana, Maui. My maternal family ties are to Ahiena of Puna, Kealiikanakaole of Ka‘u, and Kanaele-Kenao of Kohala. Learning about and engaging with my relations in nature, from Hawaiinui, Hawaii-iki, Hawaiipamamao (this Hawaii, the Hawaii within, and the Hawaii beyond the horizon), thoroughly excites me. Cultivating relationships and making ecological connections for myself and others is my gift and my passion.

Uh-Oh! I’ve just been inspired, this very moment (literally) to give the landscaping craft a name. OMGs, you’ll love it! It’s Mahina La‘au…Lets see how that sounds while network-ing at a conference of some sort:

“Hi, I’m Kekuhi”

“Hey, I’m Chris. Nice to meet you.”

“So what do you do Chris?”

“Well, I’m a professional Mahina La‘au on the Island of O‘ahu”

“Cool. What do you mahi?”

“Hmmm…mostly la‘au kakahakai (plants in the sea spray zone)”

Mahina La‘au…Mahina La‘au…Mahina La‘au…Mahina La‘au…Ma-hina La‘au…Mahina La‘au…I’m just getting used to saying it, hearing the cadence of the words, getting a feel-ing for the male and female proper-ties of the name. Yup! I like it! Use it if you like. I'll explain the implications of the name in the next column after you’ve checked out the dictionary.

30 LANDSCAPE HAWAII DECEMBER 2012 | JANUARY 2013

ICOLOGYhawai‘-

EMBODyING THE HAWAII UNIVERSE

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"IN ThE ComPANy of

PLANT PEoPLE"BY KeKuHi KeALi‘iKAnAKA‘oLeoHAiLiLAni

First of all, mahalo to Chris & Cheryl Dacus (and whoever their friend is who suggested my name in the first place) for inviting me to be a part of the Landscape Hawai‘i community.

Mahalo! Its a funny thing…because at about the time I received the email from Chris, I was entertaining the thought of creating a short writing piece on the topic of vegetation in hula AND also thinking about how that information could kokua others at the same time…AND LOOK!

So what will these columns be all about? And how shall we learn from each other?

First: I’ve been asked to share my thoughts on Hawai‘i plant culture that might be useful and hopefully interesting to you. I am most confident in hula plant culture and Hawaii plant culture as it has to do with the volcanic sphere of influence. From these knowledge basis, I’ve learned about how to make rela-tionships with other plant culture communi-

ties. So, if it's all right with you, that’s the platform I'll be sharing from. And if we get to a topic that I know very little about, then I'll invite a friend or two to the column to help out. Sound good so far?

Second: You should know that I don’t know much about the landscaping industry. So, I intend to learn.

Lastly: I would like to approach this column less like a report and more like a 6-session workshop of sorts. My commit-ment will be to provide you with a new and/or reclaimed tool from my trade every other month. Oh, what’s my trade? We’ll its hula, chant, mele composition, education at all levels pre-school to post master’s, curricu-lum development, Hawai-‘icology (I made that up. See column header), ritual design & implementation, and the articulation of Hawai‘i practice in the NOW from the mystic to the practical (although in my brain there’s actually no dichotomy between the two). I can do that! And if this article has any

claim on your curiosity, then your commit-ment can be: 1) to ask questions to prompt the following month’s topic - so I’ll ask Chris and Cheryl if they don’t mind collecting your questions & mana‘o and forwarding them to me (chris.dacus@gmail.com); 2) to practice what you ask for; 3) and, to teach what you practice. Fair-nuf?

In this first column, it makes sense to begin AT THE BEGINNING. No, not all the way back to Po, the darkness. Too far back. I was suggesting at the beginning of MY relationship to plant people so that while your reading and perhaps thinking, “where the heck is she coming from,” you’ll have a better idea. (BTW: I’ve committed to a 1-year series and if after that you find it hard to live another day without me, then we’ll figure something out. Good?)

Indeed, being “In the Company of Plant People” is one of my greatest joys. My infatu-ation with plant people comes from a life long participation in hula, which means a life long love affair and kinship with plant people and all their relations. To many, hula is en-tertainment, hula is economic stability, hula is spirit, hula is the dance of Hawai‘i, hula is a conservationist’s nightmare (related to me by my mentor and dear friend Lani Stemmer-man). Indeed, hula may be all those things, but for me, hula is a personal relationship with the Hawai‘i natural universe and all her processes and cycles.

At a very young age I was taught by my grandmother to relate to plant people as if my life depended on it. As a young adult hula person, I learned the protocols and chants necessary for harvesting (we’ll do a column on that later on), for greeting the forest, for planting (and a column on this later), for making leis (this too if you like) or picking for the hula shrine, for enticing the rain, for greeting the sun, and for bringing plant people back to health. In my mature adult-hood, I am able to travel the world, meet and make friends with other plant people (two of my good friends is the old father Gingko in Kamakura and the old mother Ora on Fatuhiva), their space and their communities.

So, what does all this talk about hula and relationships mean for the Landscaping practitioner?

I figure landscaping is not too much differ-ent from what we do in hula in the design-ing of a lei, or a hula shrine, or ‘a‘ahu (hula regalia), or choreography for that matter. In engaging in the activities of hula or landscap-ing, WE, you and I, are essentially cooking up a “recipe” for capturing a desired meta-physical, visual, and functional aesthetic. When I think about designing my personal hula shrine, I think about what energy I need from which plants and which primary ele-ments. I think about the geographic location of where those plants come from. Do I need to reflect more on the meaning of chant text in which case I would use plants that encour-age “reflection” Do I need to “strengthen”

certain areas in which case I would use a strengthening plant. Do I need to attract ocean energy to a ma uka landscape or vice versa. I ask myself similar questions when it comes to choreography or lei making or ritual design.

I am thinking that the notion of landscap-ing is not just about cultivating and planting plants, but its about cultivating relationships or the act of mahi-ing (look up mahi ‘ai, mahi i‘a, mahi and mahina in Puku‘i’s dictionary) between the plant people, people-people, and the Hawaii universal elements-people. In the end, concerning hula, chanting, teaching or traveling, I suppose its a question of alchemy and what our intended outcomes are. Is it like that for you?

In my brain, co-creating landscapes IS hula; Mahina La‘au IS the dance!

I am Kekuhi Kanae Kanahele Kealiikanaka-oleohaililani. My paternal family ties are to Keleikini of Kaua‘i, Nauoho of Hana, Maui. My maternal family ties are to Ahiena of Puna, Kealiikanakaole of Ka‘u, and Kanaele-Kenao of Kohala. Learning about and engaging with my relations in nature, from Hawaiinui, Hawaii-iki, Hawaiipamamao (this Hawaii, the Hawaii within, and the Hawaii beyond the horizon), thoroughly excites me. Cultivating relationships and making ecological connections for myself and others is my gift and my passion.

Uh-Oh! I’ve just been inspired, this very moment (literally) to give the landscaping craft a name. OMGs, you’ll love it! It’s Mahina La‘au…Lets see how that sounds while network-ing at a conference of some sort:

“Hi, I’m Kekuhi”

“Hey, I’m Chris. Nice to meet you.”

“So what do you do Chris?”

“Well, I’m a professional Mahina La‘au on the Island of O‘ahu”

“Cool. What do you mahi?”

“Hmmm…mostly la‘au kakahakai (plants in the sea spray zone)”

Mahina La‘au…Mahina La‘au…Mahina La‘au…Mahina La‘au…Ma-hina La‘au…Mahina La‘au…I’m just getting used to saying it, hearing the cadence of the words, getting a feel-ing for the male and female proper-ties of the name. Yup! I like it! Use it if you like. I'll explain the implications of the name in the next column after you’ve checked out the dictionary.

30 LANDSCAPE HAWAII DECEMBER 2012 | JANUARY 2013

ICOLOGYhawai‘-

EMBODyING THE HAWAII UNIVERSE