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Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
● Why Si Photonics?
Secret of success?
● Special Topics in Optoelectronics: Realization of (hopefully) all photonic functions on Si platform
Si Photonics
ENIAC (1946) A4(2010)
Performance(Clock Speed) 10KHz 1 GHz
Power 170 KWatts 20 Watts
Weight 28 tons Negligible
Size0.9 m (w) x 2.6 m
(h) x 26 m (l)~ 약 63 m2
53.3 mm2
Technology 17468 vacuum tubes
200 million 45nm CMOS TR
Cost $ 487,000 $ 637
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
● Why Si Photonics?
- Scaling and Integration
- Can this continue?
More Moore: Continuation of CMOS scaling
More than Moore: New materials, New technology (Photonics )
Moore’s Law
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
Del
ay In
crea
sing
Process Technology Scale Down
Transistor delay(gate delay)
Interconnect bottleneck !
(ITRS Roadmap 2009)Channel length
: 250nm
Interconnect delay(RC time constant)
● Why Si Photonics ?
-Interconnect Bottleneck: On-Chip Interconnect
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
● Why Si Photonics ?
- Chips are getting larger but clocks are getting faster- Difficult to cover the entire chip within one clock cycle- Interconnection within chip becomes very important for performance
-Interconnect Bottleneck: On-Chip Interconnect
“The development of CMOS-compatible optical components is of paramount importance” (ITRS Road 2009 – Interconnect, p.56)
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
● Why photonics for interconect?
-Interconnect Bottleneck: On-Chip Interconnect
Plot of loss for cu-based on-chip interconnect
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
- Chip-to-Chip Interconnect
• T – number of pins
• t – constant
• g – number of logic gates
• p – rent exponent
T = t x gp
Pin number limited by chip periphery ! Performance limited by I/O
System type Rent exponent (p)
Static memory 0.12Microprocessor 0.45
Gate array 0.50High-speed computer 0.63
Rent’s Rule Ref. P. Christie, T. VLSI, Dec. 2000.
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
Chip-to-Chip Interconnect Serialization
Serial Interconnect: Single but faster connection
Data transferred concurrently !!
Data received concurrently !!
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
- More data throughput Higher and higher data rate - Can this trend be maintained? Can photonics help?
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
- Optical communication: transmitting lots of serialized data for long distance!- Strong driving force for evolution from left to right- But barriers on the right: Cost- Can Si help?
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
- Optical interconnects provide higher data rate with less footprint than electrical interconnects!
IBM cloud computing data center (1,994 of servers)
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
Active Optical Cables
- Full duplex 12-channel 850-nm parallel MMF (up to 50 m)- Transmission rate up to 10.3 Gb/s per channel- CXP-based small form-factor hot pluggable interface- 12-channel 850-nm VCSEL/PIN detector array- Power consumption: ~ 3 W (max) Basically an optical communication link
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
- Full duplex 4-channel 1490-nm SMF (up to 4,000m)- Transmission rate up to 10.3 Gb/s per channel- High-density Quad Small Form-Factor Pluggable (QSFP) connector
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi13
Photonic Integrated Circuits (InP)
- 500 Gb/s PM-QPSK Transmitter- 10 tunable DFBs, 40 MZMs- > 400 functions total
But compared to Si technology … Photonics on Si?
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
- 0.13-μm SOI CMOS Technology on Si wafer(Luxtera / Freescale Semiconcutor)
- On-going research activities in realizing optimal individual devicesand integrated circuits
- 1.5m lasers are not available
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
- Monolithic integration of optical components and electronics: Modulators, waveguides, PDs, Couplers
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
Ref. A. Huang, ISSCC, Feb. 2006
- Realization with 0.13-μm SOI CMOS Technology on Si wafer (Foundry from Freescale Semiconcutor)
Photonics can be compatible with CMOS!
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
- First commercialization of silicon photonics! (~ 50 $)- Luxtera sold AOC business to Molex, a fiber-optic connector specialist
Luxtera plant to focus on chip design: Fabless semiconductor company!
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
- Paradigm shift in photonics technology!
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
● Goals: - Understand the current status of Si photonic device technology Presentation on selected papers by students
- Review of basic optoelectronics
● Special Topics in Optoelectronics (Si Photonics)
● Topics to be covered- Introduction (L) - Si processing technology (L)- Si Waveguide (L, SP, Q)- Si Modulator (L, SP, Q)- Si Laser (L, SP, Q)- Si PD (L, SP, Q)- Optical Interconnect (L, SP)
Details of class schedule and paper list for SP will be announced once the class registration is finalized
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
● Prerequisite:Basic knowledge in E&M waves/optics, semiconductor technology,and optoelectronic devices Evaluation Quiz on 9/5 (Passing grade required)
● Required Textbook: None- Lecture materials (Review of basics)- Selected reference papers (Understanding of current research)
● Grades- Quizzes: 4x12.5 = 50%- Student Presentation: 40%- Class Participation: 10%
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
● Prof. Woo-Young Choi Email: wchoi@yonsei.ac.kr, B625
● Class Hours Mon 2:00-4:00 pm, Wed 1:00-2:00 pm
Mon 2:30-4:00 pm, Wed 12:30 – 2:00 pm
● Office Hours - Right after classes- By appointment
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
● Lecture Schedule
- Lect. 1: Introduction - Lect. 2: Review of Si technology- Lect. 3-4: Review of waveguides - Lect. 5-6: SP1,2,3,4 (Si waveguides)- Lect. 7: Quiz 1- Lect. 8-9: Review of modulators - Lect. 10-11: SP 5,6,7,8 (Si modulators)- Lect. 12: Quiz 2- Lect. 13-14: Review of lasers- Lect. 15-16: SP 9,10,11,12 (Si lasers)- Lect. 17: Quiz 3- Lect. 18: Review of photodetectors- Lect. 19-20: SP 13,14,15,16 (Si PDs)- Lect. 21: Quiz 4- Lect. 22: Review of optical interconnect- Lect. 23: SP 17,18 (Si EPIC)- Lect. 24-26 : Additional materials/papers if time is allowed
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
1
2 3
Lect. 1
4 5
Lect. 2
6 7 8
9 10
Lect. 3
11 12
Lect. 4
13 14
16 18 19Lect. 6SP3, SP4
20 21 22
23
30
27 29
일 월 화 수 목 금 토
2826
Lect. 8
2524Lect. 7Quiz 1
17Lect. 5 SP1,SP2
15
추석
September
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
October (tentative)
2 3 4 5 6
7 9 10
Lect. 10
11 12
14 15
Lect. 11
16 17
Lect. 12
18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29
Lect. 13
30 31
Lect. 14
1
일 월 화 수 목 금 토
13 8
Lect. 9
추석 개천절
Mid-Term Exam Period
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
November (tentative)
1 2 3
4 5
Lect. 15
6 7
Lect. 16
8 9 10
11 12
Lect. 17
13 14
Lect. 18
15 16 17
18 19
Lect. 19
20 21
Lect. 20
22 23 24
25 26
Lect. 21
27 29 30
일 월 화 수 목 금 토
28
Lect. 22
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
December (tentative)
1
2 3
Lect. 23
4 5
Lect. 24
7 8
9 10
Lect. 25
11 12
Lect. 26
13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23
30
24
31
25 26 27
일 월 화 수 목 금 토
28 29
6
Final Exam Period
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
SP (Student Presentation) Schedule
- SP1: Lect. 5 (Si Technology), 홍주리- SP2: Lect. 5 (Si waveguides), 유병민- SP3: Lect. 6 (Si waveguides), 이정민- SP4: Lect. 6 (Si waveguides), 김민형- SP5: Lect. 10 (Si modulator), 정현용- SP6: Lect. 10 (Si modulator), 권대현- SP7: Lect, 11 (Si modulator), 류윤하- SP8: Lect. 11 (Si modulator), 배규영- SP9: Lect. 15 (Si laser), 원성우- SP10: Lect. 15 (Si laser), 정선영- SP11: Lect. 16 (Si laser), 류주형- SP12: Lect. 16 (Si laser), 정은미- SP13: Lect. 19 (Si PD), 이슬아- SP14: Lect. 19 (Si PD), 양승민- SP15: Lect. 20 (Si PD), 김여명- SP16: Lect. 20 (Si PD), 한희탁- SP17: Lect. 23 (Si EPIC), 최민정- SP18: Lect. 23 (Si EPIC),
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
SP Paper List
- SP1 (Lect. 5) “Microelectronics for the Real World: ‘Moore’ versus ‘More than Moore’,Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, p. 395, 2008.
- SP2 (Lect. 5)“Low loss shallow-ridge silicon waveguides”, Optics Express, Vol. 18, No. 14, p. 14474, 2010
- SP3: (Lect. 6)“Optical directional coupler based on Si-wire waveguides”, Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 17, No. 3, p. 585, 2005
- SP4 (Lect. 6)“An out-of-plane grating coupler for efficient butt-coupling between compact planar waveguides and single-mode fibers”, Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. 38, No. 7, p. 949, 2002
Silicon Photonics (2012/2)
Introduction
W.-Y. Choi
Guidelines for Student Presentation (SP)
- Presentation will be done in English
- SP contributes 40% of final grade
- Criteria for SP evaluation: Understanding, Presentation Skills, Dedication
- You will receive A,B,C for each of the above
- Your score = No. of A’s x 10 + No. of B’s x 8 + No. of C’s x 6) + 10
- Email your presentation materials to me (wchoi@yonsei.ac.kr) the day before your presentation. It will be available at tera.yonsei.ac.kr
-If you have difficulty understanding your paper, come and talk to me !
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