late 19 th century social change in america

Late 19th Century Social Change in America

UrbanizationInventionsTransportationShopping & EntertainmentLiving Conditions

Jacob Riis– How the Other Half Lives SanitationCommunitiesReligious Responses

Social GospelMary Baker EddyChristian Relief Organizations– YMCA, Salvation Army

Women at workLiterature

“New” ImmigrationWhere?

Southern & Eastern EuropeAsia

Why?Economic opportunityUnemploymentFreedom from religious persecutionFreedom from harsh political rule

“New” ImmigrationCharacteristics:

Unskilled laborers– factory & RR workersPoverty-strickenUrban dwellersPreservation of traditional cultureMore skilled or educated, more upwardly

mobile

“New” ImmigrationResponses & Reactions

Political machinesSocial Gospel (Walter Rauschenbusch)Settlement Houses

Jane Addams– Hull House– Chicago Lillian Wald– Henry Street– NY Florence Kelley– National Consumers League

Nativism American Protective Association Fear of socialist ideology

“New” ImmigrationResponses & Reactions

Chinese Immigrants:Denis KearneyChinese Exclusion ActU.S. vs. Wong Kim Ark

“Undesirables”

Challenges to Traditional ThoughtDarwin’s On the Origin of Species & The

Descent of ManPsychology– id, ego, superego

Man as irrational and instinctualResponses:

FundamentalistsAccommodationists or modernists

Facts vs. Values

Educational ChangeState-funded compulsory educationWomen’s collegesMorrill Act of 1862

Land grant collegesHatch Act

Agricultural experiment stations

New MoralityChanging attitudes

Women’s RolesComstock Laws– Reaction

TemperanceDemon RumNational Prohibition PartyWCTU– Frances WillardCarrie NationAnti-Saloon LeagueDry states

Women’s RolesCharlotte Perkins Gilman– economic

independenceSocial Reform MovementsPolitical Reform Movements

National American Woman Suffrage Association Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony Carrie Chapman Catt Linked vote to traditional roles West– greater equality for women

Married women’s property rights