las delicias , el salvador water supply project
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Las Delicias, El Salvador
Water Supply ProjectImplementation Proposal Phase I
Trip Dates: May 2012Presented to TAC: March 7, 2012
Presentation Outline
• Overview of Las Delicias Community• Current Water Supply System and Challenges• Proposed Improvement to Water System– Phase I (May 2012)
• New Water Tank at Intermediate Elevation• New Supply pipeline and distribution pipeline
– Phase II (Fall 2012)• New pump• Improvements to distribution system
• Logistics and Implementation
Las Delicias, El Salvador
Las Delicias
Las Delicias, El Salvador• Community Facts
– ~600 homes, 2700 residents– 15 miles NW of San Salvador– On Western Slopes of Volcan San Salvador– Homes Spread Out, but Las Delicias is
Bordered by Several Similar Communities– Water Storage & Piping System installed 20
years ago With Water Delivery by Truck– Well and Pump Installed < 5 years ago– Residents are Poor (<$10/week income)– Community Well-Organized through Adesco
and NGOs (FIAT & FIMRC)– Able to spend about $5 per household on
water each month
Project History • Project FIAT and FIMRC have been active in Las Delicias for > 5 years• Initial Contact with Project FIAT
January 2009• Application to EWB-USA
March 2009• Project Approved
May 2009• Preliminary Assessment Visit
July 2009• First Assessment Trip
July 2010• Second Assessment Trip
November 2011
Map of Las Delicias Water System
DOWNHILL
Current Las Delicias Water Supply & Storage System
S u b m e r s i b l e p u m p
~ 7 0 mw e l l
B o o s t e r p u m p6 ' ' , 2 0 5 0 m , 7 L B
g r a d ee l . 1 7 4 0 '
1 2 0 m
T a n k 1 ,e l . 2 3 0 0 '
T a n k 3 ,e l . 2 2 0 0 '
3 ' ' , 5 7 0 m , 4 L B
4 ' ' , 5 3 0 m , 4 L B
2 6 0 '
C r u z e r o ,e l . 2 0 0 0 '
2 . 5 ' ' , 1 1 0 0 m , 7 L B
2 0 0 '
1 0 0 '
• Pump Runs 6 Hours a day 4 days/week ~ 26 hr/wk.
• Pump flow rate: 175-200 GPM.
260 Homes Served by Tanque 3
33 Homes Served
by Tanque 2291 Homes Served by Tanque 1
DOWNHILL
Map of current Las Delicias Water System from ADESCO with approx house locations indicated
Summary of Existing Water SystemOVERALL COMMUNITY OF LAS DELICIAS CURRENT FROM TANK 1 CURRENT FROM TANK 2 CURRENT FROM TANK 3# homes = 584 430 Assumptions # homes = 291 # homes = 33 # homes = 260# people = 2628 1935 4.5 people/house # people = 1310 # people = 148.5 # people = 1170Demand gal/day 65,700 48,375 25 gal/day Demand gal/day 32,738 Demand gal/day 3,713 Demand gal/day 29,250
175 gal/min pump rate Tank Volume 35,000 Tank Volume 11,000 Tank Volume 25,000 time to fill (h) 3.33 time to fill (h) 18 time to fill (h) 2.38 from well from spring from well
OVERALL in 2011 from 2007 map Supplied by Tanque 1 Supplied by Tanque 2 Supplied by Tanque 3TRAMO # # Homes in
2011# Homes in 2007 from
map
Demand gallons
2011
Pipe Diameter
inches
Distance from map
meters
Supplied by Tanque # on map
via
TRAMO # from Tank 1
# Homes3 TRAMO # from Tank 2
# Homes5 TRAMO # from Tank 3
# Homes7
1 upper 15 22 1688 2 311 1 1 upper 15 0 01 lower 8 900 2 710 1 1 upper 1 lower 8 0 02 48 51 5400 2 546 1 1 upper 2 48 0 02a 7 6 788 1 137 1 2 2a 7 0 02b 25 27 2813 2 421 1 2a 2b 25 0 02c 9 8 1013 1 144 1 2 2c 9 0 03 42 37 4725 2 140 1 2 & 1 lower? 3 42 0 03a 40 46 4500 1.25 298 1 3 3a 40 0 03b 18 9 2025 1.25 160 1 3 3b 18 0 06 upper 37 29 4163 2 144 1 CallePrin Upper 6 upper 37 0 06 lower 0 1 492 1 6 lower 0 0 06a 6 6 675 1 226 1 6 6a 6 0 010 17 16 1913 1.25 130 1 CallePrin Upper 10 17 0 011 19 14 2138 1 342 1 CallePrin Lower 11 19 0 04 13 4 1463 1 90 2 0 4 13 05 20 21 2250 2 979 2 0 5 20 07 upper 16 42 1800 2 429 3 0 0 7 upper 167 lower 42 4725 2 572 3 7 upper 0 0 7 lower 428 10 14 1125 1 362 3 7 upper 0 0 8 109 18 18 2025 2 455 3 7 lower 0 0 9 189a 2 1 225 0.5 125 3 9 0 0 9a 29b 7 9 788 1 236 3 9 0 0 9b 712 10 9 1125 1 232 3 CallePrin Lower 0 0 12 10Calle Prin Upper 22 41 2475 2 468 3 7 lower 0 0 Calle Prin Upper 22CallePrin Lower 32 3600 2 377 3 CallePrin Upper 0 0 CallePrin Lower 32NewNW 57 6413 3 CallePrin Lower 0 0 NewNW 57NewSW 44 4950 3 CallePrin Lower 0 0 NewSW 44
Challenges to Las Delicias Water Supply System• High electric cost
– Typical ADESCO revenue from water fee ~$2300/mo
– Typical monthly cost for water system ~$2000/mo (mostly electicity ~$1500/mo)
– Pumps run about 26 hr/wk– Not taking advantage of nightime off-peak
rates– Power factor on pumps leads to monthly fine
• Inequitable water distribution– Some homes report receiving water <1x/week
and low flowrates– “Valvulero” controls distribution via valves to
zones (“Tramo”) throughout community– Large number of new homes at low elevation
• Culture of scarcity where residents hoard water when it is flowing
• Water Quality:– Effectiveness of in-line chlorination is not clear
Electric BillMonthly Income for Las Delicias ADESCO
Water System Expenses
Alternatives Analysis Summary
• Drilling another well ($3500 for hydrogeological study)
• Solar power for pump (eliminated due to cost >$50K)
• Additional tank locations (three considered – current location on public land and co-located with current tank)
• VFD (variable frequency drive – does not add much efficiency)
Proposed Updates to Las Delicias Water System
• Objectives– Utilize existing and new tank at intermediate elevation to supply water to lower
half of Las Delicias– With new pump and supply line reduced electricity costs– Improved distribution system more equitable water supply to all homes
(especially at lower elevations)• Phase I (May 2012)
– New Water Tank at Intermediate Elevation– New Supply pipeline and distribution pipeline
• Phase II (Fall 2012)– New pump– Improvements to distribution system– Improving power factor for pump via capacitors?– Enabling pumping during nighttime to take advantage of lower rates
117 Homes Served by Tanque 3
33 Homes Served
by Tanque 2
154 Homes Served by Tanque 1
Proposed Water Distribution System
280 Homes Served by New Tank
DOWNHILL
Modified water systemOVERALL COMMUNITY OF LAS DELICIAS PROPOSED FROM NEW TANK ADJUSTED FROM TANK 1 ADJUSTED FROM TANK 3# homes = 584 430 Assumptions # homes = 280 # homes = 154 # homes = 117# people = 2628 1935 4.5 people/house # people = 1260 # people = 693 # people = 526.5Demand gal/day 65,700 48,375 25 gal/day Demand gal/day31,500 Demand gal/day 17,325 Demand gal/day 13,163
175 gal/min pump rate Tanks Volume 28,600 Tank Volume 35,000 Tank Volume 25,000 time to fill (h) 2.72 time to fill (h) 3.33 time to fill (h) 2.38 from well from well from well
OVERALL in 2011 from 2007 map WITH CONNECTION "B" Supplied by Tanque 1 Supplied by Tanque 3TRAMO # # Homes in
2011# Homes in 2007 from
map
Demand gallons
2011
Pipe Diameter
inches
Distance from map
meters
Supplied by Tanque # on map
via
Accessible?2
Tramo from
New with B
# Homes2 Tramo #2 Homes Tramo #3 Homes2
1 upper 15 22 1688 2 311 1 0 1 upper 15 0 01 lower 8 900 2 710 1 1 upper 0 1 lower 8 0 02 48 51 5400 2 546 1 1 upper 0 2 48 0 02a 7 6 788 1 137 1 2 0 2a 7 0 02b 25 27 2813 2 421 1 2a 0 2b 25 0 02c 9 8 1013 1 144 1 2 0 2c 9 0 03 42 37 4725 2 140 1 2 & 1 lower? 0 3 42 0 03a 40 46 4500 1.25 298 1 3 Yes 3a 40 0 0 0 03b 18 9 2025 1.25 160 1 3 Yes 3b 18 0 0 0 06 upper 37 29 4163 2 144 1 CallePrin Upper Yes 6 upper 37 0 0 0 06 lower 0 1 492 1 Yes 6 lower 0 0 0 0 06a 6 6 675 1 226 1 6 Yes 6a 6 0 0 0 010 17 16 1913 1.25 130 1 CallePrin Upper Yes 10 17 0 0 0 011 19 14 2138 1 342 1 CallePrin Lower Yes 11 19 0 0 0 04 13 4 1463 1 90 2 0 0 0 0 05 20 21 2250 2 979 2 0 0 0 0 07 upper 16 42 1800 2 429 3 0 0 0 7 upper 167 lower 42 4725 2 572 3 7 upper 0 0 0 7 lower 428 10 14 1125 1 362 3 7 upper 0 0 0 8 109 18 18 2025 2 455 3 7 lower 0 0 0 9 189a 2 1 225 0.5 125 3 9 0 0 0 9a 29b 7 9 788 1 236 3 9 0 0 0 9b 712 10 9 1125 1 232 3 CallePrin Lower Yes 12 10 0 0 0 0Calle Prin Upper 22 41 2475 2 468 3 7 lower 0 0 0 Calle Prin Upper 22CallePrin Lower 32 3600 2 377 3 CallePrin Upper Yes CallePrin Lower 32 0 0 0 0NewNW 57 6413 3 CallePrin Lower Yes NewNW 57 0 0 0 0NewSW 44 4950 3 CallePrin Lower Yes NewSW 44 0 0 0 0
Summary of potential changes in water distribution system
CURRENT SYSTEM• Storage
– Tanque 1: 35,000 gal– Tanque 2: 11,000 gal– Tanque 3: 25,000 gal
• Pump supplies water to Tanques 1 & 3 at 175 gpm, ~3 days per week
• Spring supplies water to Tanque 2 (and other tanques)
• Homes serviced by Tanques1. 2912. 333. 260
PROPOSED MODIFICATION• Storage
– Tanque 1: 35,000 gal– Tanque 2: 11,000 gal– Tanque 3: 25,000 gal– New Tank: 28,600 gal
• Current 65 HP Pump supplies water to Tanques 1 & 3 at 175 gpm
• New pump supplies water to new tank at 175 gpm with much lower head
• Homes serviced by Tanques1. 1542. 333. 117New: 280
New tank reduces demand of water from Tanques 1&2 (which require high head) by roughly 50%
Map of Current Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications)
RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump)BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity
DOWNHILL
Exisiting 11,000
gallon tank
Proposed update to Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications)
RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump)BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity
NEW
SUP
PLY
LINE
1
NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2c
NEW DISTRIBUTION
LINE 2a
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LINE
2bNEW TANK
A
B
C
D
E
F
DOWNHILL
New Tank Design – Location and Coupling with Old Tank
Design of New Tank – 3D view of Block/Rebar construction
Tank Design response to J. Knight concerns
• Concrete block vs poured concrete. Block recommended by Daniel Rivera.
• Assumed strength of concrete (2000-3000 psi acceptable)
• Tank seal at base of wall
Proposed update to Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications)
RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump)BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity
NEW
SUP
PLY
LINE
1
NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2c
NEW DISTRIBUTION
LINE 2a
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LINE
2bNEW TANK
A
B
C
D
E
F
DOWNHILL
Design of Additional Pipelines for- supplying water to tank- distributing water
636638640642644646648650652654656
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Elev
ation
(m)
Distance from Connection to Main Supply Pipe (m)
Profile of New Supply Pipe
ElevationA
B
C
105 m
240 m
D
638 m640 m
643 m
651 m
Elevation:640 m
655 m
Supply Pipe 1 Pipe Profile NEW TANK
Tee connect
to 6” pipe
Gate Valve
45° Elbow
90° Elbow with
anchorGate Valve
90° Elbow
90° Elbow
Pipe Exit
PIPE FITTINGS
Tee with Manual Air release valve
Tee with Manual drain valve
Road Crossing
Road Crossing
Estimate of head losses in supply pipe 1 (smooth PVC)
4” PVC sufficient to keep major and minor losses to <10% of the elevation change
Item 1" 1-1/4" 1-1/2" 2" 2-1/2" 3" 3-1/2" 4"D_pipe (in) 1.029 1.36 1.59 2.047 2.445 3.042 3.521 3.998D_pipe (m) 0.026 0.035 0.040 0.052 0.062 0.077 0.089 0.102A (m^2) 5.37E-04 9.37E-04 1.28E-03 2.12E-03 3.03E-03 4.69E-03 6.28E-03 8.10E-03A (cm^2) 5.37 9.37 12.81 21.23 30.29 46.89 62.82 80.99V (m/s) 20.50 11.74 8.59 5.18 3.63 2.35 1.75 1.36Re 5.36E+05 4.05E+05 3.47E+05 2.69E+05 2.26E+05 1.81E+05 1.57E+05 1.38E+05f 0.0117 0.0125 0.0130 0.0139 0.0145 0.0153 0.0159 0.0164
h_L major (m) 3593.8 955.5 454.9 137.0 58.9 20.9 10.4 5.7h_L minor (m) 267.7 87.7 47.0 17.1 8.4 3.5 2.0 1.2h_L major (% of z) 4667.3% 1240.9% 590.8% 177.9% 76.5% 27.1% 13.5% 7.4%h_L minor (% of z) 347.6% 113.9% 61.0% 22.2% 10.9% 4.6% 2.5% 1.5%
Supply Pipe 1 Trenching• Based on recommendations from EWB Water Resource Guidelines and
advice from Tony Sauder:– 70 cm trench depth (45 cm depth acceptable except in road crossing) with pipe
buried below 50 cm– 10 cm bedding (2-12 mm soil) if stones/rocks present in trench– Back-fill with soil that is free of lumps, from stones (>3 cm), and from organic matter– PVC pipe joined in trench and cure for >10 hr prior to pressurizing. Keep joints
exposed to check for leaks. Expansion joints not necessary– For road crossing, may bury PVC pipe inside steel or concrete pipe (ID > diameter of
PVC joints); final decision to be made in the field after evaluating potential for erosion
70 cm trench depth
10 cm bedding
10 cm
50 cm
Valve Boxes
• Design options– Obtain pre-cast valve boxes with lockable lids locally – Build from bricks and mortar with metal lids
• Specifications– 4” Pipe centered about 55 cm below ground level– Box should extend 10 cm above ground level– Internal dimensions roughly 45cmx45cm– Place support under valvePhotos of current valve boxes installed in Las Delicias
Thrust Anchors for Elbows &Tees
From Russ Turner, Tetratech
Summary of May 2012 Implementation
Summary of Finances for Implementation
• Include contribution from community to construction, etc.
Logistics and Implementation Plan
Schedule for Implementation
• BRIAN
Contingency Plans (worst case scenarios) for Implementation
Material Procurement
• Emphasize connections through Project FIAT
Plans for Phase II Implementation (Fall 2012)
Metrics
• Increase water supply by ~20%• Increase in % of homes receiving sufficient
water (at least 2x per week)
Concluding Remarks
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