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© MAN Diesel © MAN Diesel
Large Marine Diesels in Challenging Times CIMAC Circle , Marintec 2009
Kjeld AaboDirector Two-stroke Promotion
© MAN Diesel
What goes in must come out
< 2>
Heat
Work
Air 8.5 kg/kWh
21% O2 79% N2
Fuel 175 g/kWh 97% HC
3% S
Lube 1 g/kWh 97% HC
2.5% CA0.5% S
Exhaust gas 13.0% O2 75.8% N2 5.2% CO2
5.35% H2 O
1500 vppm NOx 600 vppm SOx
60 ppm CO 180 ppm HC 120 mg/Nm3 part.
© MAN Diesel
History and Future for SFOC and NOx
3334808.2009.01.29 (LSP/LB)
Year
SFOC g/kWh
Ideal Carnot cycle
Full-rated De-rated
84VT2BF180K98FF
KGF
GB/GBEGFCA
MC/MC-C
NOx
NOx g/kWh
SFOC
0
50
100
150
200
250
1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
10
20
ME/ME-C/ME-B
2007
3.4
5
© MAN Diesel
IMO NOx Limit Curves Tier I, II & III
Tier I: (global)
Tier II: 2011 (global)
Tier III: 2016 (ECA’s)
- 20 %
- 80 %
1990-1999 enginesTier I
4
- 15 %
© MAN Diesel
Tier III Candidate Technology
Tier III candidate technology:
WFE (Water/Fuel Emulsion)
SAM (Scavenge Air Moisturization)
EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation)
SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction)
5
Turbochargercompressor outlet
Seawaterinjectors
Freshwaterinjectors
Fresh water drain
Flow changecyclone waterseparator
WMC Sea water drain
Turbochargercompressor outlet
Seawaterinjectors
Freshwaterinjectors
Fresh water drain
Flow changecyclone waterseparator
WMC Sea water drain
© MAN Diesel
SCR or EGR for Tier III Compliance
6
Possibilities EGR, EGR+WIF or SCR
•Decisive factors:
•Applicable for ME and MC
•Sailing time and pattern in ECA’s
•Fuel types and prices
•Discharge of wash water
•NaOH/Urea logistic
MAN Diesel will go both ways
3330171/20030429 (3001/UM)
© MAN Diesel
SCR System
< 7>L/71835-9.0/0801 (2160/PZS)
32
1
5
6
78
4
Deck
1 SCR reactor2 Turbocharger bypass3 Temperature sensor after SCR4 Large motors for
auxiliary blowers5 Urea injector6 SCR bypass7 Temperature sensor
before SCR8 Additional flange in exhaust
gas receiver
6S35MC
© MAN Diesel
Principal Sketch of the EGR Prototype System
83335433.2008.04.09 (NK/LDA)
© MAN Diesel
MAN Diesel EGR Unit for 7S50MC
< 9 >
….to reality:
EGR scrubber
EGR cooler & WMCCooling water pipes
EGR gas pipe/s- exhaust receiver to scrubber
EGR gas pipes - scrubber to cooler
EGR shutdown valve
© MAN Diesel
IMO & CARB Fuel-Sulphur Content Limits
© MAN Diesel 11
1. Singapore
5. South Korea, Busan
9. Germany, Hamburg
10. China, Qingdao
6. Netherl., Rotterdam
2. China, Shanghai
8. Taiwan, Kaohsiung
7. UAE, Dubai
3. China, Hong Kong
4. China, Shenzhen
existing ECAs: Baltic Sea, North Sea
planned ECAs: Coasts of USA, Hawaii and Canada
Top Container Ports :
discussed ECAs: Coasts of Mexico, Coasts of Alaska and Great Lakes, Singapore, Hong Kong, Korea, Australia, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea (2014), Tokyo Bay (in 2015)
Most used trading routes
Emission Trend Emission restricted areas by IMO – ECAs in 07/2009
© MAN Diesel 12
Aalborg Industries & DFDS Exhaust gas scrubber retrofit project
RO RO vessel M/V Tor Ficaria
JPA / LEO
•20MW MAN B&W two-stroke engine•Operating in SECA on MDO•Exhaust gas scrubber permits HFO operation•Expected payback time less than two years
© MAN Diesel
MAN Diesel’s Investigation in Scrubber Technology
13
Participants Scrubber principle Ship test
Clean Marine & MAN Diesel Cyclone scrubber
Aalborg Industries, Alfa Laval,
DFDS and MAN Diesel
Absorption scrubber known from
inert gas units
APMM and MAN Diesel “bubble” bath scrubber
© MAN Diesel 14
ME-GI: Gas and Pilot Oil Injection
© MAN Diesel
Alternative Fuel for Container Ships ME-GI Engine for LNG
3336366.2009.07.31 (LS/OG)
ME-GI main engineLNG tank
LNG fuel supply system
CO2 (gram per tonne mile) 23% 35% 33%
NOx (gram per tonne mile) 13% 13% 80%
SOx (gram per tonne mile) 92% 92% 94%
Engergy (gram per kWh) 0% 12% 10%
Particulate matter (mg per m3) 37% 37% 48%
Reduction with ME-GIReduction with ME-GI + WHR
Reduction with ME-GI + WHR+EGR
15
?
© MAN Diesel (LEE/CSU)
Provide technology to obtain:
30% reduction af CO2
90% reduction af SOx
90% reduction af Nox
All aspects of ship transportation must be taken into account (engine, hull, painting, service, harbour, logistics….)!
Green Ship of the FutureTargets
© MAN Diesel 23
Exhaust Gas Waste Heat Recovery System
Main engine
Exhaust gas receiverShaft motor/generator
Diesel generators
Switchboard
Emergencygenerator
Superheatedsteam
Exh. gas boiler
Turbo-chargers
Generator,AC alternator
Reductiongearbox
Steamturbine
Reduction gearwith overspeedclutch
LPHP
Exh. gasturbine
Steam for heatingservices HP
LP
3332588.2009.05.06 (LEE4/BGJ)
© MAN Diesel
Low sulphur fuel
Use of low-sulphur crude oil, but limited availability
Blending of fuels is a possibility, and is done today
Desulphurisation of HFO
According to the major fuel companies :Much better investment to build high-efficient refineries that can produce more valuable products such as gasoline, diesel and LPG than to build desulphurisation plants for HFO.
© MAN Diesel
Low-sulphur Fuel Operation
Engine
Compatibilityof mixed fuels!
Tank systemconsiderations!
Viscosity!
OilBN10-40-70!
Fuel change-over unitHigh S% Low S%
© MAN Diesel
Mixing Two Different Fuels Case story
Before separator
Bunker sample
Density @ 15C 928.0 932.4
Viscosity @ 50°C 19.5 22.1
Water 0.2 <0.10
MCR 9 10
Sulphur 1.24 1.54
TSP 0.34 0.01
Total sediment accelerated U/F
Vanadium 92 100
20
0.60
Source: DNVPS
~ A fuels stabillity reserve
MAN Diesel / Charlotte Røjgaard 2008-11-06
© MAN Diesel
Low-sulphur Fuel Operation
Engine
Compatibilityof mixed fuels!
Tank systemconsiderations!
Viscosity!
OilBN10-40-70!
Fuel change-over unit!High S% Low S%
© MAN Diesel
Low-sulphur Fuel Operation
Engine
Compatibilityof mixed fuels!
Tank systemconsiderations!
Viscosity!
OilBN10-40-70!
Fuel change-over unit!High S% Low S%
© MAN Diesel
Low-sulphur Fuel Operation
Engine
Compatibilityof mixed fuels!
Tank systemconsiderations!
Viscosity!
OilBN10-40-70!
Fuel change-over unit!High S% Low S%
© MAN Diesel 2009.02.25 (LD/MZP)
Design of fuel pumps
Wear of Plunger and Barrel
Fuel Volume of the ex. fuel system
Isolation of the fuel system
Design of external fuel pumps
Conclusion ;
Each ship needs to test sensitivity to fuel viscosity above the min. 2 cSt.
Install a cooler or Chiller if necessary.
Different individual factors on engines and ex. Fuel system, have an influence on capability to operate on low viscosity fuels.
Fuel pump high pressure leakage mainly generated at cut off holes
© MAN Diesel
Slow Steaming T/C Cut-out Concept
253336373.2009.08.06 (LD/MZP)
T/C cut-out
1 of 3 T/C, 66% power
1 of 4 T/C, 75% powerCut-out at stopped or dead slow engine condition
Development on ME engines
Stage 1: Manual adjustment of ME engine
controlStage 2: Fully integrated system
with interlock to ME ECS
Scavenging air receiverCooler
Exhaust gas receiver
Cooler Cooler
© MAN Diesel < 26
Let Nature Prevail.Sea Transport with
MAN B&W MC and ME
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