land use conflicts and projects related to landless workers' movement (mst) in brazil

GOOD AFTERNOON

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

BIODIVERSITY

PUBLIC POLICIES

Challenges and conflicts

Building the concept of development...

Progress

Growth Sustainable Development

Ecological Development

LOGIC BEHIND THE METHODS

From a STATIC point of view, it leads to the

idea of efficiency

From a DYNAMIC point of view, to innovation that

increases efficiency Furtado, 1981

green economy

O Estado de S. Paulo newspaper (2013/07/16)

• Es

Rural development – LOGIC BEHIND THE METHODS

BACKGROUND

• Rural v Urban relationship

• Agricultural evolution

• Several Green Revolutions

EXTERNAL FACTORS

* Concentration of land ownership and income

* Monoculture

* Discrimination and social exclusion

* Class struggle

* Market model

* Industrial corporations have taken command

* Systemic degradation

(social – environmental)

NEW SIGNIFICANCE

• Private space vs Public space

• Production vs Conservation

• Multifunctional (farming and landscape)

• GREEN ECONOMY.....

Diffusionist methodology Research is popularizing unsuitable technologies

Development of professionals who are acritical regarding the model – UNIVERSITIES...

The dominant power in the countryside

Development Sustainability

Rural Development

Biodiversity

Social

Cultural

Environmental

Sustainability (Utopia)

• Social

• Economic

• Cultural

• Political

• Ethical

• Ecological-Environmental

More than 200 definitions !!

New rural significance and attributes

Multifuncional

Agribusiness

Commodities

Sustainability

Agricultural Biodiversity Ecological Economy

Sovereignty / nutritional security

Legislation

Family Farming

Land Agroecosystems

Ecosystem Services

Violence

Biotechnology

Agroecology

Agrarian Reform

ETC

Public Space

Private Space

Green Economy

Figure : (adapted from PLOEG, 2008).

agriculture according to Rural Logic

(variety of forms)

agriculture according to Capitalist Logic

agriculture according to Business Logic

Conceptual framework – Looking for simplification!

NO NEED FOR A PHYSICAL PRODUCTION UNIT SPECIFIC PRODUCTION UNIT OR

ACTIVITY

AGROECOSYSTEM WITH UNIT OF ANALYSIS

IMPÉRIOS ALIMENTARES E OUTROS DISTINCT UNITS OF ANALYSIS

State Society Biodiversity

Brazilian

Biomes

Brazilian social ‘mega’ diversity

More than 200 different indigenous peoples

Traditional peoples and communities occupy roughly 1/3 of Brazil’s territory

Micro-economy based on

forest products

Knowledge and practices relating to biodiversity management

Crianças kaxinawás, Feijó, Acre

Conflicts, degradation and social exclusion

“Public Policies”

DEVELOPMENT MODELS / POLICIES

DEVELOPMENT vs

Social and Environmental Issues

Conservation vs Preservation vs Development

A challenge to society !!! For the first time in Brazil..a public debate ...

Examples

Action

Projects

Policies...

Development plus Biodiversity:

Research and outreach at Rural settlements in the Vale do Ribeira –

São Paulo state

Management... Is it sustainable ?

Respect, Manage and Coexist with the regional biodiversity

Jaguar footprint at the Apiaí settlement Fruit of the Bromelia pinguin, used to make a medicinal syrup.

Farmers participating in the surveying of the biodiversity at the Apiaí settlement – training / skill building / participative planning

Agroecological tomato production

Biological pest control – bait (Tajujá)

Pontal do Paranapanema- SP

State of São Paulo

Settlement, Santa Zélia, 2010

'''

Bioenergy plus Biodiversity and Nutritional Security

A. hassleri

A. emensis

A. aculeata

A. glaucescens

A. totai

Source: L.H.C.Berton Source : L.H.C.Berton

Source : L.H.C.Berton

Source : H.Lorenzi

Source : H.Lorenzi Source : H.Lorenzi

Lorenzi, 2010

A. intumescens

36

Macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata)

- Native, rustic and abundant

- Longevity: about 100 years

- Starts to produce after 3 to 4 years

- Oil has excellent physical and chemical characteristics

- Multiple uses: 2 types of oil, 2 types of cake, activated charcoal, integration

- with livestock and crop farming, agroforestry systems

- Plantation density: 120 to 400 plants/ha

- Considerable research efforts and growth in commercial initiatives ;

- High productivity: 30 t. of biomass/ha and up to 4 t. of oil/ha

- SOYBEANS - 550 KG/HA OF OIL !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Bioenergy

(AMBIENTE, 2005)

(CESAR, 2003)

Soybean

420 kg.ha.year-1 Sunflower

890 kg.ha. year-1 Castor bean

1,320 kg.ha. year-1

Macaw palm (average)

4,966 kg.ha. year-1

Estimates of biodiesel production/ha

(Berton et al.)

10,926 kg.ha.year-1

In 2,480 fruit, the individual mass varied from 14.8 to 63.6 g

39

S. Motoike

Sustainable Rural Landscapes

Production plus Conservation: Family farming adhering to agrobiodiversity in the far south region

of Bahia state

Others....

Regional Context

Technology, Wealth and Poverty ! In an essentially rural region..

0 to 6 years

6th / 8th year

Diagnóstico de conflitos sócio-ambientais em relação à plantações de árvores; Coord. Anna Fanzeres Relatório Final; Março 2005 www.ufrrj.br/institutos/if/lmbh

Reactions in the past...

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BIODIVERSE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS

What is Agroforestry?

Subsistence (nutritional security)

Generation of monthly income

Living savings

(forest products) Community Investments

Restoration and Environmental Adaptation

RL + APP + Landscape

Aiii Guri..

Cocoa plantation as a theoretical and methodological reference

Thank You