lab exercise 7 appendicular skeleton portland community college bi 231

Lab Exercise 7

Appendicular Skeleton

Portland Community CollegeBI 231

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• Upper & Lower extremities

• Shoulder Girdle

• Pelvic Girdle

Appendicular Skeleton

The Upper Extremity

• The pectoral girdle consists of a ring of bone formed by the two clavicles and scapulae.

• It is completed anteriorly by the manubrium of the sternum it is incomplete posteriorly.

3

4

Scapula

5

Scapula: Posterior ViewAcromion

6

Scapula: Anterior ViewCoracoid Process

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Glenoid Fossa

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Scapula: Posterior ViewSpine

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Scapula: Posterior ViewSupraspinous Fossa

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Scapula: Posterior ViewInfraspinous Fossa

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Scapula: Anterior ViewSubscapular Fossa

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Clavicle

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Humerus

14

Humerus: Proximal End

Head: Above the epiphyseal line

Anterior Medial Posterior

Intertubercular groove

Greater tubercleLesser tubercle

Anatomical Neck Surgical neck

15

Deltoid Tuberosity

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Trochlea (Distal Humerus)

Anterior PosteriorAnterior Posterior

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Capitulum (Distal Humerus)

Anterior PosteriorAnterior Posterior

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Olecranon Fossa(Distal Humerus)

Anterior PosteriorAnterior Posterior

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Medial Epicondyle(Distal Humerus)

Anterior PosteriorAnterior Posterior

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Lateral Epicondyle (Distal Humerus)

Anterior PosteriorAnterior Posterior

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Radial Fossa (Distal Humerus)

Anterior PosteriorAnterior Posterior

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Coronoid Fossa(Distal Humerus)

Anterior PosteriorAnterior Posterior

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Humerus: Distal End/Anterior

Trochlea

Capitulum

Radial fossaCoronoid Fossa

Medial Epicondyle

Lateral Epicondyle

Lateral Supracondylar Ridge

Medial Supracondylar Ridge

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Humerus: Distal End/Posterior

Trochlea

Olecranon Fossa

Medial Epicondyle Lateral

Epicondyle

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Radius

• “Rotates”

• On the thumb side of the forearm

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Radius: Head

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Radial Tuberosity

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Ulnar Notch of the Radius

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Ulnar Notch of the Radius

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Radius: Interosseous Ridge

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Styloid Process of the Radius

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RadiusAnterior

Posterior

Radial Head

RadialTuberosity

Ulnar Notch Interosseous ridgeStyloid process

Distal Proximal

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Head of the Ulna (Distal End)

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Styloid Process of the Ulna(Distal End)

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Olecranon Process (Ulna Posterior View)

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Olecranon Process (Ulna)

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Coronoid Process (Ulna Anterior View)

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Trochlear Notch (Ulna)

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Radial Notch of the Ulna

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Interosseous Ridge (Ulna)

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Ulna

Anterior

Lateral

HeadStyloid Process

Trochlear Notch

Coranoid Process

OlecranonSupinator Crest

Interosseous ridge

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Scaphoid

DorsalView

PalmView

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Lunate

DorsalView

PalmView

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Triquetrum

DorsalView

PalmView

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PisiformPalmView

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Trapezium

DorsalView

PalmView

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Trapezoid

DorsalView

PalmView

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Capitate

DorsalView

PalmView

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Hamate

DorsalView

PalmView

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MetacarpalsPalmView

1

2 3 4

5

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Distal Phalanges

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Proximal Phalanges

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Middle Phalanges

The Lower Extremity

• The hip extends from the superior margin of the coxal (os coxae or hip bone) bone to the hip joint.

• It contains the pelvic girdle which is a ring of bone formed by the two coxal bones.

• Articulate at pubic symphysis anteriorly and sacrum posteriorly

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55

Os Coxae (Hipbones)

Ilium

Ishium

Pubic Bone

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Iliac Crest

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Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

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Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

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Posterior Superior Iliac Spine

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Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine

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Greater Sciatic Notch (Ilium)

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Iliac Fossa

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Sacroiliac Joint

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Articular Surface Of Ilium(Articulates with Sacrum)

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Arcuate Line (Ilium)

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Ischial Spine

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Ischial Tuberosity

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Lesser Sciatic Notch (Ischium)

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Ischial Ramus

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Pubic Crest

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Superior Ramus (Pubis)

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Inferior Ramus (Pubis)

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Pubic Arch

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Male Pelvis

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Female Pelvis

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Pubic Symphysis (Fibrocartilage)

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Obturator Foramen

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Acetabulum

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Fovea Capitus (Head of Femur)

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Femur

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Head of Femur

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Neck of Femur

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Greater Trochanter (Femur)

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Lesser Trochanter (Femur)

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Gluteal Tuberosity(Posterior Femur)

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Linea Aspera (Posterior Femur)

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Medial and Lateral Supracondylar ridges

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Medial Epicondyle (Femur)

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Lateral Epicondyle (Femur)

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Medial Condyle (Posterior Femur)

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Lateral Condyle (Posterior Femur)

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Intercondylar Fossa (Posterior Femur)

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Adductor Tubercle (Femur)

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Patellar Surface (Anterior Femur)

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Medial Articular Surface of Patella(For medial condyle of femur)

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Lateral Articular Surface of Patella (For Lateral condyle of femur)

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Tibia

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Medial Condyle of the Tibia

Anterior Posterior

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Lateral Condyle of the Tibia

Anterior Posterior

100

Intercondylar Eminence (Tibia)

Anterior Posterior

101

Tibial Tuberosity

Anterior Posterior

102

Medial Malleolus (Tibia)

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Fibula

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Head of Fibula

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Lateral Malleolus (Distal)

106

Fibular Articular Surface for the Talus

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Ankle and Foot

108

Talus

109

Calcaneus

110

Cuboid

111

Navicular

112

Cuneiform

1. Lateral

2. Intermediate

3. Medial1 2

3

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Metatarsals

1234

5

The Knee

• Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

• Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

• Lateral meniscus• Medial meniscus• Patellar ligament• Quadriceps tendon

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The Knee

• Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

• Tibial (medial) collateral ligament

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The End