key concepts unit a chemistry 30

Structural Isomers

A structural isomer is a chemical formula that has more than one shape.

"structural isomers." http://wwwchem.csustan.edu/chem3070/images/pentane.gif. Web. 1 Mar 2010.

Saturated/Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

• Saturated hydrocarbons have single bonds and cannot bond with compounds anymore.

• Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double or triple bonds and can bond with compounds.

Halogenated Hydrocarbons

• Are produced When a Hydrocarbon has one or more hydrogen group replaced with a Halogen(group 17)

• Can help create a saturated hydrocarbon by breaking double or triple bonds.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qGPWdm2MlI (watch to 1:50)

Carboxylic Acids

• The Basic Structure is R-COOH (R can be replaced by a hydrogen)

• They are used in an esterfication reaction with an alcohol

• When naming you change the ending to “oic” acid (methane would be methanoic acid)

• They have hydrogen bonds increasing their boiling points.

STRUCTURAL FORMULASThe structural formula of a

chemical compound is a graphical representation showing how the

atoms are arranged.

http://www.1-formula.com/upl/Image/800px-Acetone-structural.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_formula

This is a structural formula where atoms are arranged forming a compound

Structural formulas rock my world!!!

Esterification

Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two

reactants (typically an alcohol and a carboxylic acid) form an ester as the

reaction product.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterification

This is an Esterification reaction

I love Esterification

reactions because they

smell good

Addition ReactionAn addition reaction is the reaction

between two or more unsaturated hydrocarbons to produce one large molecule.

Substitution Reaction

When a carbon-hydrogen bond breaking occurs in an alkane or aromatic organic reaction

An example is the reaction in which the chlorine atom in chloromethane is displaced by the hydroxide ion to form methanol

CH3Cl + -OH CH3OH + Cl-

Addition and substitution reaction Video

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVDUB4mWJ8M

Combustion Reactions•Combustion reactions are the breakdown of hydrocarbon and oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide.

"combustion reactions.". http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Et_baal.jpg. Web. 1 Mar 2010

•A Complete

Combustion reaction is

when the reactant will

burn in oxygen

producing a limited

number of products. •An incomplete

combustion

reaction is

when there

isn’t enough

oxygen to

react with.

+ H2O

C?H? + O2 CO2 + H2O

C?H? + O2 CO + H2O

Monomers

• monomer - a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers.

Polymers• Polymers are created when two or more

monomers are linked together in a chain like pattern

Polymerization

• Polymerization - The chemical process, normally needs the aid of a catalyst, to form a polymer by bonding together monomers.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJ5hjUeZt7U&feature=related

Polymers are made from Monomers

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jpv2RUjNFjo