journal: why study history? what tools do we use to study history?
Post on 03-Jan-2016
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20th century began with great promise
Technology, inventions Wright Brothers, 1903 Edison, Ford
Science Darwin, Mendel,
Marie Curie, Freud
Mass culture and entertainment
However… One of the deadliest
centuries in human history Some stats:
About 180 million people killed from war in the 20th century
Genocide, nuclear threats
Contradiction between this and greater democratization and human rights
Three Major Themes/Ideas
Industrialization: Growth of industries for the machine production of goods
Nationalism: Belief in loyalty to one’s nation (people with a shared culture and history)
Imperialism: Strong nations dominating weaker nations politically, economically, or socially
Industrialization
Look at the map on pg. 281: Which countries do you think industrialized
first? Why? What factors lead to industrialization?
The Industrial Revolution
Why a revolution?
Began in England in the 1700’s Agriculture: Enclosures
Improved farming techniques Movement to cities (urbanization)
Industrialization Machine mass production of goods Requires land, labor, capital, and natural resources Good economy (banking) and political stability
Textile production from new inventions Improvements in transportation
Steam driven trains on railroads (1830’s)
Progress and Plight
Urbanization: Growth of cities Factories near water sources
Working class: Poor living conditions Poor working conditions
Growth of the middle class
Long-term effects: Improved standard of living, access to
consumer goods
Spread of Industrialization
Spreads to U.S., Germany, France
Gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized countries leads to imperialism Need for raw materials Potential markets for products
Long-term: Longer lifespans, better health, greater wealth in
industrialized nations Growth of a middle class leads to increased
participation in democracy and social reforms
Reforms
Unionization Collective bargaining Strikes
Child labor laws
Abolition of slavery
Women’s rights
Education
Journal #3 It was said that…
“The Sun Never Sets On the British Empire”
What do you know about the British Empire? Take a guess: what do you think this quote means?
Hint: Look at the map on pg. 337 of your textbook
Rule, Britannia!
Rule Britannia!Britannia rule the waves
Britons never, never, never shall be slaves.
Rule Britannia!Britannia rule the waves.
Britons never, never, never shall be slaves.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XPHL4Q86t4
Imperialism: Essential Questions What were the motives of the colonizers?
How did the imperialists control and manage their colonies?
What were the effects of imperialism?
How did Japan end its isolation and begin to modernize?
Journal #4
If you wanted to control someone smaller or weaker than you, how could you do it? What methods might you use?
What might happen to them after you have dominated their lives?
Is this ever morally justified?
Forms of control
The Name of the Game: Empire Building
Types of imperialism: Colony: Foreign power governs Protectorate: Foreign power controls government Sphere of influence: Foreign power has trade
privileges Economic Imperialism: Foreign business controls
econ.
Forms of control: Direct: No self-rule, no local leaders in government Indirect: Limited self-rule of local leaders
Conflicts
African resistance: Zulus and British
Europeans: Boers, British, and Africans in South Africa
Boer War: British won
Limited control (British) vs. direct control (French)
Legacy: Positive and Negative Consequences Political divisions, artificial boundaries Breakdown of family, culture Loss of land, disease, deaths from rebellions Economic expansion
Vocabulary:
Racism
Social Darwinism
Paternalism
Assimilation
Directions: Choose a vocabulary word above and complete the Frayer Model graphic organizer
Scramble for Africa
Imperialism: Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country
Belgium takes the Congo (1880’s)
How? Steamboats and maxim gun Quinine to combat malaria Exploiting diversity of African groups
Berlin Conference (1884-85)
Berlin Conference Simulation
Order for choosing territory: 1. Portugal 2. Spain 3. Britain 4. France 5. Belgium 6. Germany 7. Italy
Journal #5
How successful do you believe your country will be in achieving your goals at today’s Berlin Conference? Explain.
Journal #6: Where in the World?
Guess the country! Explain your guess.
Clues: The world’s largest democracy Main religions:
Hindus (80%) Muslims (13%) Other (Christian, Sikh): 7%
16 official languages, including English Capital city is New Delhi Raise your hand if you would like one
extra hint!
Europeans in the Middle East
Decline of the Ottoman Empire
Geopolitics: Taking strategically located land
Crimean War: Britain, France, Ottomans prevent Russia from taking Black Sea territory
“Great Game” between Britain and Russia over Afghanistan
Egypt modernizes: Suez Canal leads to British control of Egypt
Russian, British spheres of interest in Persia—for oil
Southeast Asia
Dutch East India Company in Indonesia Rubber plantations and other cash crops
British in Malaysia
French in Indochina (Vietnam) Rice production
Siam (Thailand) remained independent King Mongkut plays France and Britain and
modernizes
US in the Philippines, Hawaii (interest in sugar) Hawaii annexed in 1898
Imperialism in India
Decline of Mughal Empire in the 1700s British make deals with maharajahs
British East India Company sets up trading posts Cash crops: Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, and
opium to trade with China (for tea)
“Jewel in the crown” of colonies What does this mean?
Decline in local handloom textile industry
Sepoy Rebellion (1857)
Sepoy Mutiny/India’s First War of Independence led to the Raj (direct British government control) Sepoys: Indian soldiers Upset by a rumor that new cartridges for rifles
would use cow and pig fat
Problem for the rebellion: the division between Hindus and Muslims
Film Study: Mangel Pandey, The Rising
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yXKbd5IDzU
Questions for viewing the film
1. Why is Mangal Pandey considered India’s first national hero?
2. What does Mangal Pandey mean when he says, “We are all untouchables in our own land”? Untouchables: Lowest caste of Indian society
3. What does Captain William Gordon warn will happen if the British execute Mangal Pandey?
Japanese Imperialism
Europeans were not the only imperialists
Matthew Perry and the Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) ends Japanese isolation and opens ports for trade
Meiji emperor modernizes the country Industry, education, military buildup
Becomes the strongest military power in Asia and sought to control neighbors, especially Korea
Conflicts
Sino-Japanese War (1895): Japan vs. China in Korea Results:
Japan drives Chinese out of Korea, gains land in Manchuria
Gains colonies in Taiwan Russo-Japanese War (1905):
Japan vs. Russia in Manchuria and Korea Results:
Japan drives Russia out of Korea and holds Manchuria
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