journal of water pollution and purification research (vol1, issue2)
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Journal of
Water Pollution &
Purification Research(JoWPPR)
May-August 2014
www.stmjournals.comSTM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
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Journal of Water Pollution and Purification Research
?Water purification techniques
?Biological, chemical and physical treatment of water
?Water infrastructure management
?Liquid waste management
?Marine/freshwater ecosystems
? Water monitoring/assessment, adaptation planning technology
Journal of Water Pollution and Purification Research
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Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra
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Puneet Pandeya
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Assistant Editors
Aditya Sanyal
Anupama Garg
Himani Pandey
Publication Management Team
Internal Members
External Members
Dr. Bimlesh Lochab
Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance
Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.
Prof. S. Ramaprabhu
Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,
Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.
Dr. Rajiv Prakash
School of Materials Science and Technology,
Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India.
Dr. Rakesh Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of
Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,
Patna, India.
Associate Editors
Gargi Asha Jha
Nupur Anand
Priyanka Aswal
Sona Chahal
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.
Dr. Baldev Raj
Former Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India.
Chairman, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, India.
Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.
Prof. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Head, Department of
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, India.
Prof. D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,
AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
Prof. Jugal KishoreProfessor, Department of Community
Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
Dr. Pankaj PoddarScientist, Physical & Materials ChemistryDivision, National Chemical Laboratory,
Pune, India.
Dr. Hardev Singh VirkProfessor Emeritus, Eternal
University, Baru Sahib, India.
Dr. Nandini Chatterjee SinghAssociate Professor,
National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.
Dr. Shankargouda PatilAsst. Prof., Department of Oral
Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.
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Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.
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Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
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Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdMIT Campus, Beed bypass road,
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Dr. Rakesh KumarAssistant Professor,
Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.
Dr. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical
Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,
Chandigarh, India.
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board & Editorial Board
Dr. Kazi Shamima AkterAssistant Professor, Department of
Civil Engineering, The University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Dr. Mohammed Al-AbriAsst. Professor , Petroleum &
Chemical Eng. Dept., Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman.
Editorial Board
Dr. B. M. KrishnaAssociate Professor
Department of Environmental EngineeringS.J. College of Engineering, Mysore,
Karnataka, India.
Dr. Hansa JeswaniAssociate Professor,Civil Engg Dept
sardar patel College of Engg, Bhavan's CampusMunshi Nagar,Andheri (w),
Mumbai, India.
Dr. Mahadevappa SwamyProfessor Department of Environmental EngineeringS.J. College of Engineering
Mysore, Karnataka, India.
Dr. Nilkanth Hanmantrao KulkarniAssociate Professor,Department of Civil &
Water Management Engineering,Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Institute of Engg. &
tech., Vishnupuri,Nanded, India.
Dr. Kiran D. PatilProfessor in Chemical EngineeringDept.of
Petrochemical And Petroleum Engineering,
Maeer's, Maharashtra Institute of Technology
(MIT),Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune, India.
Dr. Chander Kumar SinghAssistant Professor, Department of
Natural Resources,TERI University, India.
Dr. Ritu SinghAssistant Professor Department of
Environmental ScienceSchool of Earth
Sciences Central University of Rajasthan
Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
Dr. Sadashiva Murthy B.M.Professor
Department of Environmental Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of
Engineering, Mysore,Karnataka, India.
Dr. Udayashankara T.H.Professor ,Department of Environmental
Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore ,
Karnataka, India.
Dr. K. ByrappaFellow, World Academy of Ceramics
Coordinator, Materials Science Program of Univ. of Mysore, Univ. of Mysore,
Manasagangotri, Mysore, India.
Sumi HandiqueAssistant Professor, Tezpur University
Napaam, Tezpur, Sonitpur, Assam, India.
Dr. Sumathi SureshProfessor, Centre for Environmental
Science and Engineering CESE), Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
(IIT-B), Powai, Mumbai, India.
I take the privilege to present the print version for the [Volume 1 Issue (2)] of Journal of Water
Pollution and Purification Research. The intension of JoWPPR is to create an atmosphere that
stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Water Pollution and Purification
Research.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoWPPR provides an outlet for Research findings
and reviews in areas of Water Pollution and Purification Research found to be relevant for National
and International recent developments & research initiative.
The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of Water Pollution and Purification Research.
Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for
their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write
ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With
regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality
Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
1. A Review on Conventional and Alternative Methods for Defluoridation of Water M. Madhukar, B. M. Sadashiva Murthy, T. H. Udayashankara 1
2. Review of Recovery Methods for Acetic Acid from Industrial Waste Streams by Reactive Distillation Kiran D. Patil, Bhaskar D. Kulkarni 13
3. Experimental Studies on the Assessment of River Water Quality: A Case Study on Noyyal River TirupurAswathy V Gopal, OS Arun, R. Gobinath, D. Saranydevi 19
4. Treatment of Textile Wastewater using Bentonite Clay as a Natural CoagulantVijaya Kumar S., Arunprakash C., Gobinath R., Nishanth M., Sangeetha M. 24
5. Removal of Heavy Metals using Combination of Adsorbents - A Case Study using Industrial Waste WaterThirumalesh B. S. 28
ContentsJournal of Water Pollution and Purification Research
JoWPPR (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research
Volume 1, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
A Review on Conventional and Alternative Methods for
Defluoridation of Water
M. Madhukar*, B. M. Sadashiva Murthy, T. H. Udayashankara
Department of Environmental Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering,
Mysore, Karnataka-570006, India
Abstract Occurrence of fluoride in groundwater is due to anthropogenic influences on its natural
formation and geological settings. Consuming fluoride has both beneficial and detrimental effects on dental and bone structures. This review article is aimed at
facilitating precise information on the various methods applied to remove fluoride from water. The defluoridation techniques are divided into coprecipitation, adsorption ion
exchange, contact precipitation, electro-coagulation and membrane process. The
mechanism involved in each defluoridation technique is enumerated. The natural and synthetic materials employed by various researchers to remove fluoride are reviewed and
tabulated in order to provide information on removal efficiency or capacity of the media.
Keywords: Fluoride, adsorption, capacity, precipitation, electro-coagulation
JoWPPR (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research
Volume 1, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Review of Recovery Methods for Acetic Acid from
Industrial Waste Streams by Reactive Distillation
Kiran D. Patil1*, Bhaskar D. Kulkarni
2
1Department of Petrochemical and Petroleum Engineering,
MAEER’S, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Pune, India
2Chemical and Process Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
Abstract This paper addresses an industrially important problem of recovery of acetic acid from a wastewater streams via reactive distillation. The separation (or recovery) of organic
residues from aqueous waste streams released from chemical and petrochemical
industries is critical and indispensable from the points of view of pollution control and recovery of useful materials. The disposal of wastewaters containing most widely used
industrial organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid and propionic acid has been recognized as a significant expense to the industry and environment. In this paper,
existing methods of physical separation of acetic acid from wastewater is presented.
Available conventional techniques including fractional distillation, liquid extraction, adsorption, precipitation, ion exchange, etc. have been briefly reviewed emphasizing the
major drawbacks of these methods. A new method – reactive distillation - for recovering acetic acids from dilute aqueous solutions is described and compared with the other
conventional techniques. Reactive distillation is an efficient, economical, and
environmental friendly method for separation of acetic acid from wastewater streams.
Keywords: Clean technology, wastewater, pollution prevention, recovery of acetic
acid, separation processes, reactive distillation, esterification
JoWPPR (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research
Volume 1, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Experimental Studies on the Assessment of River Water
Quality: A Case Study on Noyyal River Tirupur
Aswathy V Gopal*, OS Arun, R. Gobinath, D. Saranydevi
Department of Civil Engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam,
Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract Tirupur is the most popular textile industrial area, which contains 90% of the knitwear industries in India. By 2005, there were more than 729 bleaching and dyeing units in
Tirupur. Now there are 2000 textile manufacturing units producing variety of goods. The
textile industries release heavy amount of dye waste which contains bleaching liquids, soda ash, caustic soda, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium peroxide, and so many
other toxic materials to river Noyyal. The wastewater is acidic, smells terrible and
contains dissolved solids, which increase the biological and chemical oxygen demand in water. With no fresh water available for dilution the groundwater from Coimbatore and
Tirupur is no longer suited for irrigation. The dye industries said that the discharge of their industrial effluents to the river Noyyal has stopped. But this study clearly shows the
presence of materials that are used in dye production.
Keywords: Noyyal river, heavy metals, carcinogenic, soil analysis, toxicity
JoWPPR (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research
Volume 1, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Treatment of Textile Wastewater using Bentonite Clay
as a Natural Coagulant
Vijaya Kumar S.*, Arunprakash C., Gobinath R., Nishanth M., Sangeetha M.
Department of Civil Engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam, Tirupur, India
Abstract The main objective of the present study was treatment of dye waste by coagulation with
clay to achieve maximum removal efficiency of color and sludge.The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of bentonite clay as coagulant in treatment of textile
wastewater. The coagulant prepared was employed for the removal of sludge at the
different doses. The maximum coagulant for removal of colour and sludge was found at an optimum temperature of 27
oC with the retention time of 1 hour.This result was higher
than the results obtained by different process parameters for various coagulants. The transmittance were found to be 94% with an absorbance of 0.03,TDS reduced from 5.15
PPT to 3.3 PPT, BOD too was reduced from 160mg/l to 40mg/l. Also owing to the
coagulation process several other parameters such as chloride, sulfate, iron, COD was also reduced considerably.
Keywords: Bentonite clay, wastewater, conductivity, Natural coagulant agents,
dye removal, sludge removal
JoWPPR (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research
Volume 1, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Removal of Heavy Metals using Combination of
Adsorbents - A Case Study using Industrial Waste Water
Thirumalesh B. S. * Department of Chemical Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
Abstract Heavy metals are widely used in numerous industries such as paints and pigments, glass
production, mining operation, electroplating, battery manufacturing and textile industries. The significant losses of heavy metals occur during the manufacturing processes and
these lost heavy metals are discharged in the effluent. As they move from one ecological
trophic level to another, metallic species start damaging the ecosystem. They also become difficult to track as they move up in trophic levels. They accumulate in living tissues
throughout the food chain. Due to biomagnification, humans receive the maximum impact, since they are at the top of the food chain. Hence heavy metal contamination has been a
critical problem. Adsorption of heavy metals is one of the techniques for treatment of
waste water containing different types of selected heavy metals. In this study, the adsorbents Coconut shell, Rice husk, Water Hyacinth, Shrimp Shells and Crab shells are
investigated as viable materials for removal of Heavy metals. The effect of contact time, particle size and adsorbent dosage are studied. The aim of this study is to use water
hyacinth as an adsorbent in removing heavy metal content from industrial waste water
and to use the above mentioned adsorbents in combination to see the effect of adsorption. The metal concentrations are determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The
adsorbents are pretreated by way of cleaning, washing, sun drying and then crushing to
obtain particles in different size ranges in order to study the effect of different parameters
on the adsorption. The main objective of this project is to use cheap and readily available
solid wastes such as Coconut Shell, Rice Husk, Water Hyacinth, Shrimp Shells and crab shells as adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from the industrial waste water, and
to test the effect of contact time, particle size and adsorbent dosage on the extent of
adsorption.
Keywords: Adsorption, Shrimp shell, Combination of adsorbents
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