joshua park jewel tanedo dany vlasac. communism: as the relationship between the u.s.s.r. and the...

Joshua ParkJewel TanedoDany Vlasac

APUSH CHAPTER 37

PRESENTATION

Dwight D Eisenhower

COMMUNISM: As the relationship between the U.S.S.R. and the U.S. deteriorated, the fear of a Red Menace gripped America.

Republican senator Joseph McCarthy grabbed headlines in 1950 with his claim that he held a list of 57 State Department employees who were "known Communists.” still maintained his fiery demands for their expulsion.

Eisenhower ran for the election of 1952 against Democrat Adlai Stevenson, Eisenhower spoke against communism Korea, and corruption

In Korea, 54,000 Americans had died, and tens of billions ofdollars had been wasted in the effort, but Americans took a littlecomfort in knowing that communism had been “contained.” seven months later, after Ike threatened to use nuclear weapons, anarmistice was finally signed

KOREAN CONFLICT

Nixon had been accused of wrongdoings relating to a fund established by his supporters to reimburse him for his political expenses. With his place on the Republican ticket in doubt, he flew to Los Angeles and delivered a half-hour television address in which he defended himself, attacked his opponents, and urged the audience to contact the Republican National Committee to tell whether he should remain on the ticket. During the speech he stated that regardless of what anyone said, he intended to keep one gift: a black and white dog who had been named by Nixon’s kids

CHECKERS SPEECH

McCarthyism was the communist witch hunts of the 1950's. This fear of Communism ruined many lives and families. The Senate hearings on communism

were run by Senator Joseph McCarthy.

Eisenhower stated, “ in all those things which deal with people, be liberal, be human” but when it comes to people’s money, economy, or government, be conservative.”

Balance budget 3 times Transferred offshore oil fields to states Sec. of HEW condemned the free distribution of

Salk vaccine as socialized medicine. Sec. of Agriculture Ezra Taft Benson tried to

decontrol the farm by turning it back to the free market but he still buys a tremendous amount of surplus.

Eisenhower Republicanism at Home

Federal Highway Act of 1956: changed the face and structure of America; wiped out the railroads and inner cities; country becomes dependent on 18 wheel rigs, foreign oil, air pollution increases.

$25 billion; largest public works program

Joins in the New Deal by

Federal Highway Act of 1956

Sec. of State John Foster Dulles wanted to go beyond the policy of containment.

Massive retaliation “more bang for the buck”

Hungarian Uprising, October 26, 1956

U.S. could not act quickly in Hungary because we did not have the weapons to do so.

A New Look in Foreign Policy

Southeast Asia, for years, had been under French colonial rule. Asians wanted France out.

Vietnam divided Communist North“Democratic” South

The Vietnam Nightmare

Russia formed the Warsaw Pact (1956) to balance NATO.

Khrushchev becomes dictator of Russia and denounces Stalin.

Hungarians go on strike for their freedom and Russia rolls in with tanks.

CIA engineers coups in both Iran and Guatemala any government just not communist.

Cold War Crises in Europe and the Middle East

Empowers the Pres. to extend economic and military aid to the nations of the Middle East

U.S. forced to send troops into Lebanon under Eisenhower Doctrine to keep it from communism in July 1958

Communist pressure in Middle East results in Eisenhower Doctrine 1957

The election of 1956 was a repeat of '52: Eisenhower vs. Adlai Stevenson. 

Times were good and Ike was popular, he won big again, 457 to 73.

On Oct. 4, 1957, Americans were stunned to read that the Russians had placed the first satellite in orbit, the 184 pound Sputnik I.

Round Two for “Ike”

Shook Americas confidence

Fear of missile gap Causes the U.S. to

pass National defense Education Act 1958; start NASA

Sputnik Oct. 1957

Soviet Union and the US “raced” Soviet proclaims a suspension in March 1958;

Washington halts on October 1958 Mistrust, however, ensued

Nuclear Weapons

Wanted a summit conference with western leaders

Invited to America in 1959 In U.N. General Assembly, he proposed disarmament

Khrushchev

Khrushchev stated that an ultimatum for the evacuation of Berlin will be extended

Replaced by summit conference Moscow and Washington supported Berlin issue American U-2 Plane ended conference

Camp David, Maryland

Resented America’s way of distributing money American intervention CIA coup Washington supported dictators who were “fighting” communism

Latin America

Fidel Castro ousted Batista Castro denounced Yankee industrialists Washington cuts off import of sugar from Cuba Castro retaliated by expropriating more goods Anti-Castros move to U.S.

Cuba & Communism

Embargo with CubaStrengthened by Helms-Burton ActMonroe Doctrine?!Khrushchev threat

America

Nixon vs Kennedy

Presidential Campaign

Roman CatholicBible Belt South4 Debates & Television60 Million peopleWON! 303 : 219Had support of workers, Catholics,

and African Americans

John F. Kennedy

Admired and respected Dignity, decency, sincerity, goodwill, and

moderation 22nd Amendment (1951) Passionate, Rigorous 169 vetoes with the exception of 2 Wove New and Fair Deal into Nation Guided Nation to peace

Back to Eisenhower

History. 2010. A+E Networks. 19 March 2014 http://www.history.com/topics/1960s

Kennedy, David M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey. The American Pageant: A History of the Republic.

12th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001.

Citations