joshua park jewel tanedo dany vlasac. communism: as the relationship between the u.s.s.r. and the...
TRANSCRIPT
Joshua ParkJewel TanedoDany Vlasac
APUSH CHAPTER 37
PRESENTATION
Dwight D Eisenhower
COMMUNISM: As the relationship between the U.S.S.R. and the U.S. deteriorated, the fear of a Red Menace gripped America.
Republican senator Joseph McCarthy grabbed headlines in 1950 with his claim that he held a list of 57 State Department employees who were "known Communists.” still maintained his fiery demands for their expulsion.
Eisenhower ran for the election of 1952 against Democrat Adlai Stevenson, Eisenhower spoke against communism Korea, and corruption
In Korea, 54,000 Americans had died, and tens of billions ofdollars had been wasted in the effort, but Americans took a littlecomfort in knowing that communism had been “contained.” seven months later, after Ike threatened to use nuclear weapons, anarmistice was finally signed
KOREAN CONFLICT
Nixon had been accused of wrongdoings relating to a fund established by his supporters to reimburse him for his political expenses. With his place on the Republican ticket in doubt, he flew to Los Angeles and delivered a half-hour television address in which he defended himself, attacked his opponents, and urged the audience to contact the Republican National Committee to tell whether he should remain on the ticket. During the speech he stated that regardless of what anyone said, he intended to keep one gift: a black and white dog who had been named by Nixon’s kids
CHECKERS SPEECH
McCarthyism was the communist witch hunts of the 1950's. This fear of Communism ruined many lives and families. The Senate hearings on communism
were run by Senator Joseph McCarthy.
Eisenhower stated, “ in all those things which deal with people, be liberal, be human” but when it comes to people’s money, economy, or government, be conservative.”
Balance budget 3 times Transferred offshore oil fields to states Sec. of HEW condemned the free distribution of
Salk vaccine as socialized medicine. Sec. of Agriculture Ezra Taft Benson tried to
decontrol the farm by turning it back to the free market but he still buys a tremendous amount of surplus.
Eisenhower Republicanism at Home
Federal Highway Act of 1956: changed the face and structure of America; wiped out the railroads and inner cities; country becomes dependent on 18 wheel rigs, foreign oil, air pollution increases.
$25 billion; largest public works program
Joins in the New Deal by
Federal Highway Act of 1956
Sec. of State John Foster Dulles wanted to go beyond the policy of containment.
Massive retaliation “more bang for the buck”
Hungarian Uprising, October 26, 1956
U.S. could not act quickly in Hungary because we did not have the weapons to do so.
A New Look in Foreign Policy
Southeast Asia, for years, had been under French colonial rule. Asians wanted France out.
Vietnam divided Communist North“Democratic” South
The Vietnam Nightmare
Russia formed the Warsaw Pact (1956) to balance NATO.
Khrushchev becomes dictator of Russia and denounces Stalin.
Hungarians go on strike for their freedom and Russia rolls in with tanks.
CIA engineers coups in both Iran and Guatemala any government just not communist.
Cold War Crises in Europe and the Middle East
Empowers the Pres. to extend economic and military aid to the nations of the Middle East
U.S. forced to send troops into Lebanon under Eisenhower Doctrine to keep it from communism in July 1958
Communist pressure in Middle East results in Eisenhower Doctrine 1957
The election of 1956 was a repeat of '52: Eisenhower vs. Adlai Stevenson.
Times were good and Ike was popular, he won big again, 457 to 73.
On Oct. 4, 1957, Americans were stunned to read that the Russians had placed the first satellite in orbit, the 184 pound Sputnik I.
Round Two for “Ike”
Shook Americas confidence
Fear of missile gap Causes the U.S. to
pass National defense Education Act 1958; start NASA
Sputnik Oct. 1957
Soviet Union and the US “raced” Soviet proclaims a suspension in March 1958;
Washington halts on October 1958 Mistrust, however, ensued
Nuclear Weapons
Wanted a summit conference with western leaders
Invited to America in 1959 In U.N. General Assembly, he proposed disarmament
Khrushchev
Khrushchev stated that an ultimatum for the evacuation of Berlin will be extended
Replaced by summit conference Moscow and Washington supported Berlin issue American U-2 Plane ended conference
Camp David, Maryland
Resented America’s way of distributing money American intervention CIA coup Washington supported dictators who were “fighting” communism
Latin America
Fidel Castro ousted Batista Castro denounced Yankee industrialists Washington cuts off import of sugar from Cuba Castro retaliated by expropriating more goods Anti-Castros move to U.S.
Cuba & Communism
Embargo with CubaStrengthened by Helms-Burton ActMonroe Doctrine?!Khrushchev threat
America
Nixon vs Kennedy
Presidential Campaign
Roman CatholicBible Belt South4 Debates & Television60 Million peopleWON! 303 : 219Had support of workers, Catholics,
and African Americans
John F. Kennedy
Admired and respected Dignity, decency, sincerity, goodwill, and
moderation 22nd Amendment (1951) Passionate, Rigorous 169 vetoes with the exception of 2 Wove New and Fair Deal into Nation Guided Nation to peace
Back to Eisenhower
History. 2010. A+E Networks. 19 March 2014 http://www.history.com/topics/1960s
Kennedy, David M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey. The American Pageant: A History of the Republic.
12th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001.
Citations