jennifer bart

Plagiarism

Plagiarism

* A serious form of academic dishonesty and is frowned upon in the academic.* Defined as the copying verbatim of language and ideas of other writers and taking credit for them.

Two Types of Plagiarism

1. Plagiarism of Ideas2. Plagiarism of Language

Plagiarism of Ideas

• Occurs when credit for a work is ascribed to oneself untruthfully.

Plagiarism of Language

• When an author uses the language of another writer and claims it as his or her own. Proper citations should be done to avoid plagiarism.

How to Avoid Plagiarism

1. Author-Oriented Citation2. Text-Oriented Citation3. Another Way of Citation

Author-Oriented Citation

• Author-oriented citation startswith the surname of the author, followed by the year of publicationin parentheses. Verbs of statementsuch as argues, posits, and emphasizes at the start of the paragraph or sentence may be used.

Text-Oriented Citation

• A paragraph or sentence from a source is followed with the surname of the author of the work and the year of publication. The citation must be include in the parentheses.

Another way of Citation

• Start the sentence or paragraph by using the phrase “according to…” followed by the surname of the author and the year of publication in parentheses.

To avoid plagiarism

1. Using direct quotation2. Summarizing3. Paraphrasing

Using direct quotation

• Lift the text and enclose them in quotation marks. In addition to author’s name, the page numbers are included.

• If the text is too long, you may omit certain parts and replace them with an ellipses (three dots).

Summarizing

• A short restatement of the main idea of a text.

Paraphrasing

A statement in your own words of the main idea and supporting details of a text.

Several way of paraphrasing

1. Literal Paraphrasing2. Structural Paraphrasing3. Alternative Paraphrasing

Literal Paraphrasing

Only replaces vocabulary terms from the original text.

Structural Paraphrasing

Changes the sentence structure as well as the word class of key words of the original text.

Alternative Paraphrasing

The writer first poses question about the text such as what the text is about, how the main idea supported and the stand of the author about the topic. Then, the writer answers these question using his/her own words after reading the text, making sure that all ideas are connected.