introduction to router and routing basics

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

Introduction to Router and Routing Basics

Darwish Ahmad Herati

St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous)Computer Science Department

MSc (Computer Science)

SUPERVISORProf. Ms. Mary Merlin

June 25, 2015

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

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Contents

1 Theoretical SectionIntroductionRouting Basics

2 Practical SectionRouter ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

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IntroductionRouting Basics

Network Router

Definition: It is an internetworking device Used to connecttwo or more different NETWORKS.OSI Reference Model: Network Layer(Layer Three).Logical Address(IP Address)TCP/IP Model: Internet Layer(Layer Two). LogicalAddress(IP Address)

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

IntroductionRouting Basics

Network Router

Definition: It is an internetworking device Used to connecttwo or more different NETWORKS.OSI Reference Model: Network Layer(Layer Three).Logical Address(IP Address)TCP/IP Model: Internet Layer(Layer Two). LogicalAddress(IP Address)

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

IntroductionRouting Basics

Network Router Components

ROM: Store the Routers bootstrap details, operatingsystem software.Flash Memory: Holds the operating systems images. Thecontent is retained when the Router is restarted.RAM: Store the Routing tables, configuration files, cachingand buffering details. Content is LOST when lost router isswitched off or restarted.NVRAM: Stores the Routers startup configuration files.Data is NON volatile.Network Interfaces: Connect Router to Network.

Let’s See The Components!!!

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

4/23

Theoretical SectionPractical Section

IntroductionRouting Basics

Network Router Components

ROM: Store the Routers bootstrap details, operatingsystem software.Flash Memory: Holds the operating systems images. Thecontent is retained when the Router is restarted.RAM: Store the Routing tables, configuration files, cachingand buffering details. Content is LOST when lost router isswitched off or restarted.NVRAM: Stores the Routers startup configuration files.Data is NON volatile.Network Interfaces: Connect Router to Network.

Let’s See The Components!!!

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

4/23

Theoretical SectionPractical Section

IntroductionRouting Basics

Network Router Components

ROM: Store the Routers bootstrap details, operatingsystem software.Flash Memory: Holds the operating systems images. Thecontent is retained when the Router is restarted.RAM: Store the Routing tables, configuration files, cachingand buffering details. Content is LOST when lost router isswitched off or restarted.NVRAM: Stores the Routers startup configuration files.Data is NON volatile.Network Interfaces: Connect Router to Network.

Let’s See The Components!!!

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

4/23

Theoretical SectionPractical Section

IntroductionRouting Basics

Network Router Components

ROM: Store the Routers bootstrap details, operatingsystem software.Flash Memory: Holds the operating systems images. Thecontent is retained when the Router is restarted.RAM: Store the Routing tables, configuration files, cachingand buffering details. Content is LOST when lost router isswitched off or restarted.NVRAM: Stores the Routers startup configuration files.Data is NON volatile.Network Interfaces: Connect Router to Network.

Let’s See The Components!!!

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

4/23

Theoretical SectionPractical Section

IntroductionRouting Basics

Network Router Components

ROM: Store the Routers bootstrap details, operatingsystem software.Flash Memory: Holds the operating systems images. Thecontent is retained when the Router is restarted.RAM: Store the Routing tables, configuration files, cachingand buffering details. Content is LOST when lost router isswitched off or restarted.NVRAM: Stores the Routers startup configuration files.Data is NON volatile.Network Interfaces: Connect Router to Network.

Let’s See The Components!!!

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IntroductionRouting Basics

Network Router Components

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IntroductionRouting Basics

Network Router Architecture

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IntroductionRouting Basics

Routing BasicsRouting Definition: In internetworking, the process ofmoving a packet of data from SOURCE to DESTINATION.Routing is usually performed by a dedicated device calleda ROUTER.Types of Routing: Dynamic Routing and Static Routing.Routing Table: Contains a list of specific routingdestinations and when the Router receives a packet ofdata it references the Routing Table to know where to sendthat data.

See The Routing Tables :

1. Cisco Routers IOS: show ip route2. Linux OS: route -n3. Windows OS: route print, netstat -rn

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

IntroductionRouting Basics

Routing BasicsRouting Definition: In internetworking, the process ofmoving a packet of data from SOURCE to DESTINATION.Routing is usually performed by a dedicated device calleda ROUTER.Types of Routing: Dynamic Routing and Static Routing.Routing Table: Contains a list of specific routingdestinations and when the Router receives a packet ofdata it references the Routing Table to know where to sendthat data.

See The Routing Tables :

1. Cisco Routers IOS: show ip route2. Linux OS: route -n3. Windows OS: route print, netstat -rn

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

IntroductionRouting Basics

Routing BasicsRouting Definition: In internetworking, the process ofmoving a packet of data from SOURCE to DESTINATION.Routing is usually performed by a dedicated device calleda ROUTER.Types of Routing: Dynamic Routing and Static Routing.Routing Table: Contains a list of specific routingdestinations and when the Router receives a packet ofdata it references the Routing Table to know where to sendthat data.

See The Routing Tables :

1. Cisco Routers IOS: show ip route2. Linux OS: route -n3. Windows OS: route print, netstat -rn

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IntroductionRouting Basics

Routing Algorithms

Routing algorithm determines the best possible path(next hop) and update the Routing Table.

Examples of Routing Algorithms :1. Bellman-Ford Algorithm2. Dijkstra’s Algorithm3. The Floyd Warshall Algorithm4. etc.

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IntroductionRouting Basics

Classification of Routing Protocols According to:

Purpose: Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) or ExteriorGateway Protocol (EGP)Operation: Distance vector protocol, link-state protocol,or path-vector protocol.Behavior: Classful (legacy) or classless protocol.

Let See the Examples !!!

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

IntroductionRouting Basics

Classification of Routing Protocols According to:

Purpose: Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) or ExteriorGateway Protocol (EGP)Operation: Distance vector protocol, link-state protocol,or path-vector protocol.Behavior: Classful (legacy) or classless protocol.

Let See the Examples !!!

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

IntroductionRouting Basics

Classification of Routing Protocols According to:

Purpose: Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) or ExteriorGateway Protocol (EGP)Operation: Distance vector protocol, link-state protocol,or path-vector protocol.Behavior: Classful (legacy) or classless protocol.

Let See the Examples !!!

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IntroductionRouting Basics

Examples of Routing Protocols:

RIPv1 (Legacy): IGP, distance vector, classful protocol.IGRP (legacy): IGP, distance vector, classful protocoldeveloped by Cisco (deprecated from 12.2 IOS and later).RIPv2: IGP, distance vector, classless protocol.EIGRP: IGP, distance vector, classless protocol developedby Cisco.OSPF: IGP, link-state, classless protocol.IS-IS: IGP, link-state, classless protocol.BGP: EGP, path-vector, classless protocol.

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Router Manufacturers Companies

: Cisco: D-Link: MikroTik: Juniper: LinkSys: etc.

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Router Manufacturers Companies

: Cisco: D-Link: MikroTik: Juniper: LinkSys: etc.

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

11/23

Theoretical SectionPractical Section

Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Router Manufacturers Companies

: Cisco: D-Link: MikroTik: Juniper: LinkSys: etc.

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

11/23

Theoretical SectionPractical Section

Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Router Manufacturers Companies

: Cisco: D-Link: MikroTik: Juniper: LinkSys: etc.

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Router Manufacturers Companies

: Cisco: D-Link: MikroTik: Juniper: LinkSys: etc.

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Router Manufacturers Companies

: Cisco: D-Link: MikroTik: Juniper: LinkSys: etc.

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Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Cisco Systems

General Information :Net income: (2014) 7.9 Billion DollarNumber of Employees: About 74000CEO of Cisco System: John T. Chambers

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Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Cisco Systems Co-Founder

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Cisco System Training Courses:

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Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Cisco Hierarchical Model:

Divided into Three Layers:1. Access Layer2. Distribution Layer3. Core Layer

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Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Cisco Hierarchical Model: Access Layer Routers

Access Layers Routers:Small Organizations, Also known as Desktop or CompanyLayer Routers.Router Series: 800, 1000, 1600, 1700, 1800,2500

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Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Cisco Hierarchical Model: Distribution Layer Routers

Distribution Layers Routers:ISPs, Also known as ISP Layer Routers.Router Series: 2600, 3200, 3600, 3700, 3800

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Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Cisco Hierarchical Model: Core Layer Routers

Core Layers Routers:Global ISPs, Also known as Backbone Routers.Router Series: 6400, 7200, 7300, 7400,7500,7600,10000,12000

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies:

1st: Cloonix2nd: (CORE) CommonOpen ResearchEmulator3rd: GNS34th: (IMUNES)IntegratedMulti-protocol NetworkEmulator/Simulator5th: Marionnet

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies:

1st: Cloonix2nd: (CORE) CommonOpen ResearchEmulator3rd: GNS34th: (IMUNES)IntegratedMulti-protocol NetworkEmulator/Simulator5th: Marionnet

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

19/23

Theoretical SectionPractical Section

Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies:

1st: Cloonix2nd: (CORE) CommonOpen ResearchEmulator3rd: GNS34th: (IMUNES)IntegratedMulti-protocol NetworkEmulator/Simulator5th: Marionnet

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

19/23

Theoretical SectionPractical Section

Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies:

1st: Cloonix2nd: (CORE) CommonOpen ResearchEmulator3rd: GNS34th: (IMUNES)IntegratedMulti-protocol NetworkEmulator/Simulator5th: Marionnet

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies:

1st: Cloonix2nd: (CORE) CommonOpen ResearchEmulator3rd: GNS34th: (IMUNES)IntegratedMulti-protocol NetworkEmulator/Simulator5th: Marionnet

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Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies: Cont...

6th: Netkit7th: Psimulator28th: Packet Tracer9th: etc.

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies: Cont...

6th: Netkit7th: Psimulator28th: Packet Tracer9th: etc.

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies: Cont...

6th: Netkit7th: Psimulator28th: Packet Tracer9th: etc.

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics

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Theoretical SectionPractical Section

Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies: Cont...

6th: Netkit7th: Psimulator28th: Packet Tracer9th: etc.

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Router ManufacturersSimulation TechnologiesLAN Implementation

LAN Implementation using Cisco Packet Tracer:

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References

Deepankar Medhi, Karthikeyan Ramasamy. (2007).Network Routing. December.Todd Lammle, (2009). (CCNA) Cisco Certified NetworkAssociate Study Guide 5th Edition. AprilN2013 Shaun L. Hummel . (2013). Routing ProtocolSelection Guide.Juneetc...

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Thank You For YourAttention

Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics