integrated food-energy systems

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Integrated Food – Energy Systems

Charles JumbeOliver Johnson

Sid Mohan

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Fact

World Oil and Gas production will decrease over the next 30 years

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Fact

Worldwide, bioenergy contributes only ~10% of all fuel sources

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Fact

~60% of energy in Africa is derived from fuelwood and charcoal

< Fuelwood

Charcoal >

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Fact

< Fuelwood

Charcoal >

Electrification rates are low across the continent

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Fact

< Fuelwood

Charcoal >

Most people do not have access to electricity

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The current situation (World Energy Outlook 2014)

GDP is rising, but almost half of a fast-growing population lives in extreme poverty: energy is vital to the prospects for development

Region accounts for 13% of global population, but only 4% of its energy demand

Poor electricity infrastructure is a key impediment to growth

Large resource base, exploited only in part in the case of oil, gas & coal, largely untouched in renewables

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The current situation

2/3rds of SSA without electricity access currently

500 million people without access by 2040 Average of 60% of SSA’s energy is imported Energy policy initiatives largely ignore trees

Energy from biological sources only 10% of global use, but 80% in Africa

Trees provide multiple benefits - soil fertility, water management, fruit production, fodder production, fuelwood and timber

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What is bioenergy?

Conversion of biomass resources into useful energy carriers including heat, electricity and fuels.

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Bioenergy

Woody biomass primary energy source in rural SSA

Same biomass can be used in gasification systems to drive machinery and generate electricity

Different scales possible – small household units to large industrial scale

Allied products include biofuels, both biodiesel and ethanol

Gaining traction in many parts of SSA

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Will bioenergy compete with food?

Valid concerns can be raised Bioenergy provides income and improved

livelihoods Trees fit well into integrated food-energy

systems Tree growing is scalable – from agroforestry

systems on farms to large scale woodlots

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In this session

Charles Jumbe – Biofuels’ role in economic security and development

Oliver Johnson – Water, food, energy and environment nexus

Sid Mohan – Biomass power in Sri Lanka and EverGreen Energy

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Introducing Gliricidia sepium

Widely cultivated multi-purpose tree

Grows on wide range of soils and rainfall zones

Easy propagation Useful as green manure –

increases soil organic matter and helps recycle soil nutrients

High protein supplement for foraging animals

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Gliricidia in power generation

Highly scalable Can be grown on farmer fields as intercrop or

plantation style Harvested as frequent as 6 – 8 months for

biomass Can be used in combination with other

biomass sources Source of rural employment – over 100,000

farmers involved in Sri Lanka in 2 plants alone Demonstrated reduction in CO2 levels

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Gliricidia in power generation

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Gliricidia in Sri Lanka

Cheaper fuel source than fossil fuels Various projects of various scales over the past

decade Heat generation for use in factories Small, off-grid plants for rural electrification Large electricity generation plants that feed into

the national grid Tokyo Cement (Power)

2 major plants – 10 MW and 5 MW Investments upwards of $30 million

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Gliricidia as feed – biogas plant – 1+ HHs

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3.5 kv gassifier – 10+ HHs

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35 kv gassifier – small plant & 10+ HHs

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Industrial size gassifier – large plants

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A model for SSA – EverGreen Energy

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EverGreen Energy

Gliricidia already widely distributed Major species in Malawi for increasing crop

yields in AFSP program Massive scaling-up programs in Malawi and

Zambia already in place

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Next

What are the areas where such a project can be planned for?

What barriers or challenges do you foresee? Who are the major stakeholders who should

be involved in this?

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Next steps

Review, quantify and publicize the potential of tree-based bioenergy

Put tree-based bioenergy into its proper place in international and national energy policies

Develop urgently-needed energy resources for poor people

Develop tree-based bioenergy for power supply and electricity production for development

Promote and develop biofuel production

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Thank you

For more information:Charles Jumbe - charlesjumbe@gmail.comOliver Johnson - oliver.johnson@sei-international.orgSid Mohan – s.mohan@cigar.org