information systems and communications

Information Systems and Communications

Management Information Systems IMr. Greg VoglUganda Martyrs University27 February 2003

Part I: Conceptual Overview

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Overview

1. Information Systems(from Lauden & Lauden ch. 2)

2. CommunicationsA. NetworksB. The Internet and the World Wide

WebC. Electronic Mail

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1. Information Systems Types of Information Systems

Strategic and Managerial Knowledge and Operational

IS Levels and Groups Organization Functional Areas

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Strategic and Managerial IS ESS: Executive Support Systems

General data, graphical and communication tools for unstructured decision-making

MIS: Management Information Systems Routine reports for planning, controlling and

decision-making DSS: Decision Support Systems

Data analysis and modelling tools for semi-structured decision-making

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Knowledge and Operational IS KWS: Knowledge Work Systems

Workstation for creating expertise/knowledge E.g. engineering, graphics, managerial

OAS: Office Automation Systems Office productivity application E.g. word processing, document imaging,

calendar TPS: Transaction Processing Systems

Daily routine transactions and record-keeping E.g. sales, payroll, reservations, shipping,

workers

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IS Levels and GroupsLevel IS Groups

ServedDescription

Strategic ESS Senior Managers

Long-term trends, plans

Management

MISDSS

Middle Managers

Monitoring, controlling, decisions

Knowledge KWSOAS

Knowledge and Data Workers

Office paperwork and knowledge

Operational TPS Operational Managers

Track activities and transactions ofmoney, materials, people

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Organisation Functional Areas Sales and Marketing Manufacturing Finance Accounting Human Resources Each area can have an IS at each

level!

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2A. Local Area Networks Types of Networks

LAN vs. WAN Internet vs. Intranet Client-Server vs. Peer-to-Peer

Sharing Resources Network Neighborhood

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LAN vs. WAN Network

connection of computers so they can exchange data and share resources

LAN: Local Area Network link computers within a small geographic area,

such as a building or a group of buildings uses direct cables (or wireless signals)

WAN: Wide Area Network powerful computers linked across large

distances uses wires, cables, electromagnetic signals, etc.

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Internet vs. Intranet Internet

a global network of networks that connects millions of computers

Intranet a private version of the Internet,

using Web browsers and server on LANs

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Client-Server vs. Peer-to-Peer Server

computer that provides access to shared resources

e.g. printers and disks Client

computer accessing shared resources on servers Client-Server Network

one or more computers dedicated as servers many clients

Peer-to-Peer Network shares resources among a few “equal” computers

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Sharing Resources Resources that can be shared include:

hardware (disks, printers, scanners, etc.) software (programs) data (files, folders)

Access to resources can be restricted: to certain users or groups (with NT Server) read-only password-protected

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Network Neighborhood Accessible through Desktop, My

Computer or Windows Explorer Shows computers in local area

network Computers are grouped into

workgroups or domains Each computer lists its shared

resources

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2B. The Internet and the World Wide Web Internet Components Web Addresses Features of Web Browsers

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Internet Components Network hardware and operating systems

to send/receive information over long distances Web pages

hypertext documents (linked together) multimedia (pictures, sounds, videos etc.)

Web server Computer that stores web documents

Web clients Browser software to retrieve and view web pages mail, newsgroups, chat, conferencing, file

transfer

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Web Addresses URL: Uniform Resource Locator

Web address to locate a file or program (e.g. http://www.fiuc.org/umu/umu.htm)

Protocol (e.g. http, ftp, telnet) agreed standards of networked communication

Web host (e.g. www.fiuc.org) makes a web site available to the world

Domain (e.g. .com, .gov, .edu, .org, .ug) organisation type or country

Path (e.g. /umu/umu.htm) file and folders to get to a document

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Features of Web Browsers Default/start page

page loaded when the browser starts Ways to access pages

link, URL, button Browser buttons

back, forward, home, refresh, stop, search, favorites, history, print, editor

Other web client software

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2C. Electronic Mail Electronic Mail Accounts Features of E-mail Programs Message Headers

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Electronic Mail Accounts Local vs. Internet e-mail Free e-mail (Yahoo, Hotmail)

accessible from any computer on Internet adverts; spam; slow; Internet access costly

POP mail send/receive a group of messages at a time requires only short connection time

E-mail addresses: username@servername e.g. gvogl@umu.ac.ug or gregvogl@yahoo.com

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Features of E-mail Programs Log in with username, password Read new and old messages Folders to arrange messages Send, reply, forward buttons Attachments e.g. documents,

photos Settings e.g. full name, signature

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Message Headers From: address of sender To: address of recipient(s)

separated by commas Cc: copy to additional recipient(s) Bcc: secretly copy to additional

recipient(s) Subject: a brief title for the message