hormon androgen

GONAD : organ dwifungsi sel benih & h seks

ke 2 fungsi berkaitan –konsentrasi h seks tinggi diperlukan perkembangan sel benih

fungsi gonad penting proses reproduksi

OVARIUM : ovom, h steroid

(estrogen & progesteron)

TESTIS : spermatozoa & h testosteron

TESTIS

• Memproduksi testesteron & spermatozoa

1.Spermatogenia & sel benih

2.Sel Leydig

3.Sel sartoli

Gross and microscopic anatomy of human testis

Testis

Function: 1. Spermatogenesis (spermatozoa)2. Androgen synthesis and secretion (h.

testosteron)

Consists of:1. Seminiferous tubules: nurtures the

sperm as they develop. Each tubule is made up of germ cells and Sertoli cells

2. Leydig cells: steroid synthesizing cells.

Androgens• In males, androgens are secreted by Leydig cells of

the testis, with only a small contribution from the adrenal.

• In male embryos androgen secretion by the Leydig cells is initiated by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

• T is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5α-reductase in peripheral tissues.

• Embryonically, T stimulates the male external genitalia, while DHT is responsible for the development of the internal genitalia

• In adolescence, androgens stimulate skeletal growth and muscle protein synthesis.

• Androgens induce aggression and libido• They also promote the development of both

primary and secondary male sexual characteristics

HORMON SEKS LAKI-LAKI 3 OHSD DAN 5,4 ISOMERASE PREGNENOLON PROGESTERON

17ALFA OH ase 17 ALFA OH ase

17 ALFA OH PREGNENOLON 17 ALFA PROGESTERON

C17,20 LYASE C17,20 LYASE

DHEA ANDROSTENEDION

17 BETA OHSD 17 BETA OHSD

5 ANDROSTENEDIOL TESTOSTERON

TESTOSTERON

Estriol16α OHsilasi

Testicular biosynthesis and hepatic metabolism of testosterone

Action of LH and FSH on Sertoli and Leydig Cells

T E S T I S SEL SPERMATOGONIA : PENGHASIL SPERMATOZOA

SEL LEYDIG : PENGHASIL TESTOSTERON

SEL SERTOLI : PENGHASIL INHIBIN DAN ABP FUNGSI INHIBIN : PENGENDALI FSH

E2

TESTOSTERON

ESTRADIOL ANDROSTANEDIOL DHT

ORGAN SASARANDHT ( 5 ALFA REDUKTASE ): PROSTAT,

VESIKULA SEMINALIS,

GENETALIA EKSTERNA

DAN KULIT GENETALIA.

TESTOSTERON : STRUKTUR DARI

WOLFFIAN EMBRIONIK,

SPERMATOGONIA, OTOT,

TULANG DAN GINJAL.

FUNGSI ANDROGEN

1. ANDROGENIK

2. ANABOLIK : SINTESIS ABP, ALFA 2u

GLOBULIN ( MALE MICE ) ,

DAN SINTESIS ENZIM DI

GINJAL YANG BERPERAN

PADA PROSES ANABOLIK .

METABOLISME HORMON SEKS

ANDROGEN MELIPUTI 2 CARA :

1. Oksidasi posisi C 17 terutama HATI terbentuk senyawa

17 KETO STEROID : ANDROSTERON & ETIOKOLANOLON 2. Reduksi IKATAN RANGKAP pada CINCIN A DHT ( DIHIDROTESTOSTERON ) adanya 5 alfa reduktase & NADPH [prostat, genetalia eksterna & kulit]

ESTROGEN : terbentuk ESTRIOL

PROGESTERON : terbentuk PREGNANEDIOL

T DHT 5 alfa reduktase + NADPH

ANDROSTENEDION TESTOSTERON

Inhibitor 5 alfa reduktase D H T Anti Androgen Flutamid RESEPTOR ANDROGEN

• E2 + DHT / T HIPERTROFI PROSTAT ( BPH : benign prostatic hypertrophy)

T E R A P I B P H T E R A P I B P H

E2 ( 17 BETA ESTRADIOL )

PADA LAKI - LAKI BERASAL :

1. AROMATISASI ANDROGEN DI PERIFER ( 90% )

2. SINTESIS DI TESTIS ( 10% )

FUNGSI 17 β ESTRADIOL [E2]

1. REGULASI FSH

2. TINGKAH LAKU SEKSUAL PADA

BINATANG ( KARENA DISINTE-

SIS DI OTAK ).

3. INDIREK MEMPENGARUHI

SPERMATOGENESIS

PENINGKATAN SHBG

I. HIPERTIROID, SIROSIS HEPATIS DAN PENUAAN : BERAKIBAT TERJADINYA PENINGKATAN E2 BEBAS : T BEBAS SHG TERJADI E S T R O G E N I S A S I II. PADA LAKI-LAKI DAN WANITA : ENZIM

AROMATASE MENINGKAT ( SEL LEMAK,

KULIT DAN HATI ) DIDAPATKAN PADA :

SIROSIS HEPATIS, HIPERTIROIDISME,

PENUAAN, OBESITAS, Zn