homeostasis & transport. section 1: diffusion & osmosis
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Homeostasis & Transport
Homeostasis & Transport
Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis
Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis
HomeostasisHomeostasis
Homeostasis: the biological balance between a cell or an organism and its environment Cells maintain
homeostasis by controlling and regulating what gets into and out of the cell.
Homeostasis: the biological balance between a cell or an organism and its environment Cells maintain
homeostasis by controlling and regulating what gets into and out of the cell.
Passive TransportPassive Transport
Passive Transport: the movement of any substance across a cell membrane without the use of cell energy Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion Gated Channel
Passive Transport: the movement of any substance across a cell membrane without the use of cell energy Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion Gated Channel
DiffusionDiffusion
Diffusion: the process by which molecules move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion: the process by which molecules move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion
Diffusion
Brownian
Motion
Brownian
Motion
Brownian Motion: molecules are in a constant state of random motion
Brownian Motion: molecules are in a constant state of random motion
BrownianMotion
BrownianMotion
Concentration GradientConcentration Gradient
Concentration Gradient: the difference in concentration of a substance across a space
Concentration Gradient: the difference in concentration of a substance across a space
Dynamic EquilibriumDynamic Equilibrium
Dynamic Equilibrium: a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space
Dynamic Equilibrium: a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space
Dynamic EquilibriumDynamic
Equilibrium
Review of Cell Membrane Structure
Review of Cell Membrane Structure
Diffusion Across Membranes
Diffusion Across Membranes
Not all molecules can diffuse through all membranes.
The ability of a molecule to pass through a membrane depends on the size and type of molecule and the molecular structure of the membrane.
Not all molecules can diffuse through all membranes.
The ability of a molecule to pass through a membrane depends on the size and type of molecule and the molecular structure of the membrane.
Small nonpolar molecules can diffuse through the cell membrane
OsmosisOsmosis
Osmosis: the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
Osmosis: the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
OsmosisOsmosis
Three Types of SolutionsThree Types of Solutions
90% H2O10% solute
90% H2O10% solute
90% H2O10% solute
90% H2O10% solute
85% H2O15% solute
95% H2O5% solute
Isotonic(no net movement
of water)
Hypotonic Hypertonic
Three Types of SolutionsThree Types of Solutions
Plant Cells
Three Types of SolutionsThree Types of Solutions
Animal Cells
Three Types of SolutionsThree Types of SolutionsHypotonic solution
(a) Animal cell
(b) Plant cell
H2O
Cytolysis
H2O
Turgid (normal)
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
Normal
Isotonic solution
Flaccid
H2O
H2O
Shriveled
Plasmolysis
Hypertonic solution
Three Types of SolutionsThree Types of Solutions
Contractile VacuolesContractile Vacuoles
Contractile Vacuole: an organelle in microorganisms that excretes water collect excess water → contract →
squeeze out water
Contractile Vacuole: an organelle in microorganisms that excretes water collect excess water → contract →
squeeze out water
Study the diagram below. It represents a container that is divided by a semipermeable membrane. A different solution in its initial
state is shown on each side of the membrane.
Study the diagram below. It represents a container that is divided by a semipermeable membrane. A different solution in its initial
state is shown on each side of the membrane.
1. Describe which molecule(s) will move through the membrane and which molecule(s) will not.2. Describe the relative rates at which the molecule(s) will
move across the membrane.3. Describe in which direction the molecule(s) will move.4. Describe how long the molecule(s) will continue to move.
Review of Cell Membrane Structure
Review of Cell Membrane Structure
Review of Cell Membrane Structure
Review of Cell Membrane Structure
Facilitated DiffusionFacilitated Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion: a process in which substances move down their concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of a membrane protein Examples: glucose, fructose, water &
ions
Facilitated Diffusion: a process in which substances move down their concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of a membrane protein Examples: glucose, fructose, water &
ions
TwoTypes of Membran
e Proteins:
Channels&
Carrier Proteins
TwoTypes of Membran
e Proteins:
Channels&
Carrier Proteins
FacilitatedDiffusion
FacilitatedDiffusion
Aquaporins = Water Channels
Aquaporins = Water Channels
Gated ChannelGated Channel
Gated Channel: a protein-lined gated passage making cell membranes permeable to certain large molecules as needed Example: neuromuscular function
Gated Channel: a protein-lined gated passage making cell membranes permeable to certain large molecules as needed Example: neuromuscular function
Gated ChannelGated ChannelProtein keymade bynucleus
Protein keymade bynucleus
Review of Passive Transport
Review of Passive Transport
Review of Passive Transport
Review of Passive Transport
Section 2: Active TransportSection 2: Active Transport
Active TransportActive Transport
Active Transport: the movement of any substance across a cell membrane with the use of energy from ATP
Sodium-Potassium Pump Endocytosis Exocytosis
Active Transport: the movement of any substance across a cell membrane with the use of energy from ATP
Sodium-Potassium Pump Endocytosis Exocytosis
Sodium-Potassium PumpSodium-Potassium Pump
Sodium-Potassium Pump: an active transport mechanism that moves ions in order to achieve polarization
Sodium-Potassium Pump: an active transport mechanism that moves ions in order to achieve polarization
Proton PumpProton Pump
Proton Pump: an active transport mechanism that consumes ATP (energy) to force Hydrogen ions against the concentration gradient
Proton Pump: an active transport mechanism that consumes ATP (energy) to force Hydrogen ions against the concentration gradient
Proton PumpProton Pump
Proton Pump & Cotransport
Proton Pump & Cotransport
EndocytosisEndocytosis
Endocytosis: the process by which a cell engulfs and surrounds large substances
Endocytosis: the process by which a cell engulfs and surrounds large substances
PhagocytosisPhagocytosis
PinocytosisPinocytosis
Receptor-Mediated
Endocytosis
Receptor-Mediated
Endocytosis
ExocytosisExocytosis
Exocytosis: the process by which wastes are packaged in vesicles and leave the cell
Exocytosis: the process by which wastes are packaged in vesicles and leave the cell
ExocytosisExocytosis
Passive vs. Active Transport
Passive vs. Active Transport
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