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16 April 2007

Koç University, Istanbul

Heritage andDisaster

by René Teijgeler

MASTER CLASS

What is heritage?Built

Environment

NaturalEnvironment

Artefacts

Why Cultural Heritage?

‘Erst kommtdas Fressenund dann die

Moral’

‘Foodcomes first,

thenmorality’

BertoltBertolt BrechtBrecht::

By Understanding

By Valueing

By Caring

FromEnjoying

HERITAGE CYCLE

it will help peopleenjoy it

comes a thirst tounderstand

they willvalue it

they will want tocare for it

HeritagePolicy Plan

Preservation

Survey/Audit

Risk Analysis

Etc

Disaster Pre-value Plan

EtcCollectionHistory

PreservationPolicy Plan

EtcEtcPlan HumanResources

Collection Policy Plan

Heritage Policy Plan

Preservation

Survey/Audit

Risk Analysis

Etc

Disaster Pre-

paredness Plan

EtcCollectionHistory

PreservationPolicy Plan

EtcEtcPlan HumanResources

Collection Policy Plan

Heritage Policy Plan

Elements of Collection Plan

• What is its history

• What is the condition

• Who owns it

• Who are the users

• How is it housed

• How is the registration

• What is its future

Preservation Management

Florence 1966

Preservation Pyramid

PreservationPolicy Plan

Preservation

Survey/Audit

Risk Analysis

Etc

Disaster Pre-

paredness Plan

EtcCollectionHistory

PreservationPolicy Plan

EtcEtcPlan HumanResources

Collection Policy Plan

Heritage Policy Plan

Preservation Philosophy

• Why to preserve

• What to preserve

• For what purpose

• For how long

• Aestetics

• Ethics

Preservation Policy Planshould at least include:

• collection security

• storage and environmentalcontrol

• guidelines for proper handlingof collections

• guidelines for surrogates andreproduction

• guidelines for exhibitions

• guidelines for loans

The Delta Plan for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage

All kinds of disasters

All kinds of solutions

Disaster Cycle

Prevention

Preparedness

Response

Recovery

PreservationSurvey/Audit

Risk Analysis

Etc

Disaster Pre-

paredness Plan

EtcCollectionHistory

PreservationPolicy Plan

EtcEtcPlan HumanResources

Collection Policy Plan

Heritage Policy Plan

Baltimore Academic Libraries ConsortiumDisaster Preparedness Plan

Compiled by theBALC Disaster Preparedness Committee, Baltimore, Maryland 1998

Revised Edition 2006

TABLE OF CONTENTS• IntroductionII. Resources for Preparing Disaster PlansIII. Recovery Methods by Format

A. BooksB. Manuscript and Rare Book MaterialsC. Electronic and Magnetic ResourcesD. Magnetic Media/Film, Optical Discs, VideosE. Phonograph RecordsF. Photographs, Slides, Films, MicroformsG. Art Works

Disaster Preparedness Plan

Key elements

• Emergency Information Sheet

• Introduction to the plan

• Communication Plan

• Institution-wide collection priorities

• Prevention/protection strategy

• Checklist of pre-disaster actions

• Instructions for response and recovery

Disaster Preparedness Plan

Appendices

• Recovery team members

• Collection priorities

• Checklists for prevention/protection inspections

• Response and recovery instructions

• Instructions for long-term rehabilitation

• Record-keeping forms

• Detailed building plans

• Resource lists

• Accounting information

• Insurance information

• Location of keys

RiskThe possibility of loss, damage,or any other undesirable event

PreservationSurvey/Audit

Risk Analysis

Etc

Disaster Pre-

paredness Plan

EtcCollectionHistory

PreservationPolicy Plan

EtcEtcPlan HumanResources

Collection Policy Plan

Heritage Policy Plan

The waterpipes arenormallyright underthe ceiling;the bookson thehighestshelf willthus beeffectedthe most

a) insulationwaterpipes

b) insulationbuilding

c) move waterpipes

d) humiditydetector

e) regularcontrol

f) emergencysupply

2

6

2

2

1

3

Floodwater damaged

objects inrepository

frozen water pipesduring periods of

severe frost

work by labourersfrom outside theinstitution

CommentsPreventionTotalConsequenc( 5 – 1)

Chance( 5 – 1 )*

Calamity(cause + effect)

Qualitative Risk Analysis for Collections

* (5-1) = high - low

provide safe storiage for surrogatsand back-ups

partlyIf so, are they stored remotely

make surrogats or back-ups formaterials that have none

partlyAre there surrogates, duplicates,or back-ups for the materials

check cleaning plan for regularrubbish disposal

xAre materials stored away fromrubbish arid combustiblematerials

nonexIs the library in a safe location

restore materials near heatingsource

xAre materials stored away from aheating source

regular check systemxIs the electrical wiring sound

check housing rare materialsxAre rare materials in fire-proofhousing

regular check systemxAre there fire extinguishers

providexAre there smoke/heat alarms

regular check systemxAre there sprinklers in thebuilding

ActionNoYesFeature

Fire Hazard

CHECKLIST OF HAZARDS & SAFETY FEATURES

• Bear the risk

• Share the risk

• Manage the risk

• Avoid the risk

Reactions to Risk

Preservation

Survey/Audit

Risk Analysis

Etc

Disaster Pre-

paredness Plan

EtcCollectionHistory

PreservationPolicy Plan

EtcEtcPlan HumanResources

Collection Policy Plan

Heritage Policy Plan

Edge damage

Tears

Old reparairings

Acidification

Rust / oxidation

Adhesive tape / gummedpaper

Gall-Ink/Copper-Inkcorrosion

Foxing

Fire

Detachable fragments

Deformation

Broken bindingsCopyright 2000

Treatbare needlework

Back-cover damageJohn Havermans

SurfaceCharacteristics:

Peter Defize

MoistDeveloped by

Insects & Rodents

Mechanical

ChemicalData-entry procedure

Bindings & BlockDamage Category:

Bound / unboundUPAA

Inventory No.

Interleaving: Added_______ Needed_______

a. General condition (check one):Good__Fair__Poor__

b. Acidic/brittle/badly yellowed?c. Fasteners removed?d. Problems with mixed-size material? (smallinsertions, etc.)e. Fading to illegibility?f. Includes folded items that cannot be unfoldedwithout damage?g. Includes scrapbooks or other books?

3. Paper/Contents

a. Acid-free?b. Good condition?c. Too full?

2. Folders

a. Good condition?b. Too full?c. Not full enough?

1. Boxes

Comments (check here if more attached ______)NoYes

Comments on reverse side? ______Date reviewed:

Collection InformationCage: Name:

Collection Reviewed by (name):All Boxes Checked? Sampled?

2004 Preservation SurveyManuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections

WSU Libraries - Manuscript Collections

Heritage and War

PreservationSurvey/Audit

Risk Analysis

Disaster Pre-

paredness Plan

Natural Man-madeDisaster Disaster

EtcCollectionHistory

PreservationPolicy Plan

EtcEtcPlan HumanResources

Collection Policy Plan

Heritage Policy Plan

War=

man-made

disaster

Culture and Conflict

Globalization

Regionalization

Diversification

Integration

Unity inDiversity

INTER-state Conflcit

INTRA-state Conflict

Cold War: The Berlin WallKosovo: KFOR protection

Cultural Genocide

Cultural Heritage is deliberately attacked

Safeguard cultural heritagein times of conflict

• Pre-Conflict - BEFORE the outbreak ofconflict

• Peri-Conflict - DURING the conflict

• Post-Conflict - AFTER the conflict

Pre-Conflict

International Law

• Hague Convention (1954)

• Unesco (1970)

• Unidroit (1995)

National MuseumBeirut

Before Civil War

During Civil War After Civil War

House of Wisdom

Central al-Awqaf Library

National Library

Looting – Iraqi Libraries

Looting - Iraqi sites

Peri-Conflict

Close down

Safe haven

Safekeepingwithin the walls

Post-Conflict

Reconstruction

Book Donations

Cataloguing

Training

Peace-building long-term(as a condition for culturaldevelopment)

Coping with traumathrough cultural exchangeand dialogue

Aiming at conviviality (/peaceful co-existence)through reconciliation

Signing internationalcultural treaties

Strengthening culturalinstitutions

Stimulating definitions ofidentity

Restoration of basic culturalservices (education, media)

Incorporation cultural aspects(in reconstruction)

Peace-building short-term(as a condition for culturaldevelopment)

(Cultural) Capacity-building(education and training)

Strengthening civil society, e.g.local cultural NGO’s

Participatory methods aiming atopen decision-making process

Training (of local community) inbasic skills as a condition forcultural development

Take heritage as one;acknowledge both tangible andintangible aspects

Raising culturalawareness(among reliefworkers)

Peace-keeping (as acondition for culturaldevelopment)

Assessment of culturalneeds

Prioritizing cultural needs First aid for tangible and

intangible heritage First measures to

prevent illicit trade of artobjects

COMMUNITYDEVELOPMENT

RECONSTRUCTIONRELIEF

FASE 3FASE 2FASE 1

CULTURE IN POST- DISASTER AND POST- CONFLICTSITUATIONS: WHAT TO DO?

Conclusion

Preservation

Survey/Audit

Risk Analysis

Etc

Disaster Pre-paredness Plan

EtcCollectionHistory

PreservationPolicy Plan

EtcEtcPlan HumanResources

Collection Policy Plan

Heritage Policy Plan

Thankyou for

listening

*

Teşekkür ederim

Graffiti Sadam’s Palace at Babylon