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16 April 2007
Koç University, Istanbul
Heritage andDisaster
by René Teijgeler
MASTER CLASS
What is heritage?Built
Environment
NaturalEnvironment
Artefacts
Why Cultural Heritage?
‘Erst kommtdas Fressenund dann die
Moral’
‘Foodcomes first,
thenmorality’
BertoltBertolt BrechtBrecht::
By Understanding
By Valueing
By Caring
FromEnjoying
HERITAGE CYCLE
it will help peopleenjoy it
comes a thirst tounderstand
they willvalue it
they will want tocare for it
HeritagePolicy Plan
Preservation
Survey/Audit
Risk Analysis
Etc
Disaster Pre-value Plan
EtcCollectionHistory
PreservationPolicy Plan
EtcEtcPlan HumanResources
Collection Policy Plan
Heritage Policy Plan
Preservation
Survey/Audit
Risk Analysis
Etc
Disaster Pre-
paredness Plan
EtcCollectionHistory
PreservationPolicy Plan
EtcEtcPlan HumanResources
Collection Policy Plan
Heritage Policy Plan
Elements of Collection Plan
• What is its history
• What is the condition
• Who owns it
• Who are the users
• How is it housed
• How is the registration
• What is its future
Preservation Management
Florence 1966
Preservation Pyramid
PreservationPolicy Plan
Preservation
Survey/Audit
Risk Analysis
Etc
Disaster Pre-
paredness Plan
EtcCollectionHistory
PreservationPolicy Plan
EtcEtcPlan HumanResources
Collection Policy Plan
Heritage Policy Plan
Preservation Philosophy
• Why to preserve
• What to preserve
• For what purpose
• For how long
• Aestetics
• Ethics
Preservation Policy Planshould at least include:
• collection security
• storage and environmentalcontrol
• guidelines for proper handlingof collections
• guidelines for surrogates andreproduction
• guidelines for exhibitions
• guidelines for loans
The Delta Plan for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage
All kinds of disasters
All kinds of solutions
Disaster Cycle
Prevention
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
PreservationSurvey/Audit
Risk Analysis
Etc
Disaster Pre-
paredness Plan
EtcCollectionHistory
PreservationPolicy Plan
EtcEtcPlan HumanResources
Collection Policy Plan
Heritage Policy Plan
Baltimore Academic Libraries ConsortiumDisaster Preparedness Plan
Compiled by theBALC Disaster Preparedness Committee, Baltimore, Maryland 1998
Revised Edition 2006
TABLE OF CONTENTS• IntroductionII. Resources for Preparing Disaster PlansIII. Recovery Methods by Format
A. BooksB. Manuscript and Rare Book MaterialsC. Electronic and Magnetic ResourcesD. Magnetic Media/Film, Optical Discs, VideosE. Phonograph RecordsF. Photographs, Slides, Films, MicroformsG. Art Works
Disaster Preparedness Plan
Key elements
• Emergency Information Sheet
• Introduction to the plan
• Communication Plan
• Institution-wide collection priorities
• Prevention/protection strategy
• Checklist of pre-disaster actions
• Instructions for response and recovery
Disaster Preparedness Plan
Appendices
• Recovery team members
• Collection priorities
• Checklists for prevention/protection inspections
• Response and recovery instructions
• Instructions for long-term rehabilitation
• Record-keeping forms
• Detailed building plans
• Resource lists
• Accounting information
• Insurance information
• Location of keys
RiskThe possibility of loss, damage,or any other undesirable event
PreservationSurvey/Audit
Risk Analysis
Etc
Disaster Pre-
paredness Plan
EtcCollectionHistory
PreservationPolicy Plan
EtcEtcPlan HumanResources
Collection Policy Plan
Heritage Policy Plan
The waterpipes arenormallyright underthe ceiling;the bookson thehighestshelf willthus beeffectedthe most
a) insulationwaterpipes
b) insulationbuilding
c) move waterpipes
d) humiditydetector
e) regularcontrol
f) emergencysupply
2
6
2
2
1
3
Floodwater damaged
objects inrepository
frozen water pipesduring periods of
severe frost
work by labourersfrom outside theinstitution
CommentsPreventionTotalConsequenc( 5 – 1)
Chance( 5 – 1 )*
Calamity(cause + effect)
Qualitative Risk Analysis for Collections
* (5-1) = high - low
provide safe storiage for surrogatsand back-ups
partlyIf so, are they stored remotely
make surrogats or back-ups formaterials that have none
partlyAre there surrogates, duplicates,or back-ups for the materials
check cleaning plan for regularrubbish disposal
xAre materials stored away fromrubbish arid combustiblematerials
nonexIs the library in a safe location
restore materials near heatingsource
xAre materials stored away from aheating source
regular check systemxIs the electrical wiring sound
check housing rare materialsxAre rare materials in fire-proofhousing
regular check systemxAre there fire extinguishers
providexAre there smoke/heat alarms
regular check systemxAre there sprinklers in thebuilding
ActionNoYesFeature
Fire Hazard
CHECKLIST OF HAZARDS & SAFETY FEATURES
• Bear the risk
• Share the risk
• Manage the risk
• Avoid the risk
Reactions to Risk
Preservation
Survey/Audit
Risk Analysis
Etc
Disaster Pre-
paredness Plan
EtcCollectionHistory
PreservationPolicy Plan
EtcEtcPlan HumanResources
Collection Policy Plan
Heritage Policy Plan
Edge damage
Tears
Old reparairings
Acidification
Rust / oxidation
Adhesive tape / gummedpaper
Gall-Ink/Copper-Inkcorrosion
Foxing
Fire
Detachable fragments
Deformation
Broken bindingsCopyright 2000
Treatbare needlework
Back-cover damageJohn Havermans
SurfaceCharacteristics:
Peter Defize
MoistDeveloped by
Insects & Rodents
Mechanical
ChemicalData-entry procedure
Bindings & BlockDamage Category:
Bound / unboundUPAA
Inventory No.
Interleaving: Added_______ Needed_______
a. General condition (check one):Good__Fair__Poor__
b. Acidic/brittle/badly yellowed?c. Fasteners removed?d. Problems with mixed-size material? (smallinsertions, etc.)e. Fading to illegibility?f. Includes folded items that cannot be unfoldedwithout damage?g. Includes scrapbooks or other books?
3. Paper/Contents
a. Acid-free?b. Good condition?c. Too full?
2. Folders
a. Good condition?b. Too full?c. Not full enough?
1. Boxes
Comments (check here if more attached ______)NoYes
Comments on reverse side? ______Date reviewed:
Collection InformationCage: Name:
Collection Reviewed by (name):All Boxes Checked? Sampled?
2004 Preservation SurveyManuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections
WSU Libraries - Manuscript Collections
Heritage and War
PreservationSurvey/Audit
Risk Analysis
Disaster Pre-
paredness Plan
Natural Man-madeDisaster Disaster
EtcCollectionHistory
PreservationPolicy Plan
EtcEtcPlan HumanResources
Collection Policy Plan
Heritage Policy Plan
War=
man-made
disaster
Culture and Conflict
Globalization
Regionalization
Diversification
Integration
Unity inDiversity
INTER-state Conflcit
INTRA-state Conflict
Cold War: The Berlin WallKosovo: KFOR protection
Cultural Genocide
Cultural Heritage is deliberately attacked
Safeguard cultural heritagein times of conflict
• Pre-Conflict - BEFORE the outbreak ofconflict
• Peri-Conflict - DURING the conflict
• Post-Conflict - AFTER the conflict
Pre-Conflict
International Law
• Hague Convention (1954)
• Unesco (1970)
• Unidroit (1995)
National MuseumBeirut
Before Civil War
During Civil War After Civil War
House of Wisdom
Central al-Awqaf Library
National Library
Looting – Iraqi Libraries
Looting - Iraqi sites
Peri-Conflict
Close down
Safe haven
Safekeepingwithin the walls
Post-Conflict
Reconstruction
Book Donations
Cataloguing
Training
Peace-building long-term(as a condition for culturaldevelopment)
Coping with traumathrough cultural exchangeand dialogue
Aiming at conviviality (/peaceful co-existence)through reconciliation
Signing internationalcultural treaties
Strengthening culturalinstitutions
Stimulating definitions ofidentity
Restoration of basic culturalservices (education, media)
Incorporation cultural aspects(in reconstruction)
Peace-building short-term(as a condition for culturaldevelopment)
(Cultural) Capacity-building(education and training)
Strengthening civil society, e.g.local cultural NGO’s
Participatory methods aiming atopen decision-making process
Training (of local community) inbasic skills as a condition forcultural development
Take heritage as one;acknowledge both tangible andintangible aspects
Raising culturalawareness(among reliefworkers)
Peace-keeping (as acondition for culturaldevelopment)
Assessment of culturalneeds
Prioritizing cultural needs First aid for tangible and
intangible heritage First measures to
prevent illicit trade of artobjects
COMMUNITYDEVELOPMENT
RECONSTRUCTIONRELIEF
FASE 3FASE 2FASE 1
CULTURE IN POST- DISASTER AND POST- CONFLICTSITUATIONS: WHAT TO DO?
Conclusion
Preservation
Survey/Audit
Risk Analysis
Etc
Disaster Pre-paredness Plan
EtcCollectionHistory
PreservationPolicy Plan
EtcEtcPlan HumanResources
Collection Policy Plan
Heritage Policy Plan
Thankyou for
listening
*
Teşekkür ederim
Graffiti Sadam’s Palace at Babylon