history of cartography i europe and the middle east
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History of Cartography IEurope and the Middle East
Bull at Lascaux, France
Wall Painting from Çatal Hüyük, Turkey (ca 6200 BCE)
Plan of Çatal Hüyük, Turkey (ca 6200 BCE)
Map or Pattern?
Tepe Gawra Landscape Jar (ca 6000 BCE Iraq)
Petroglyph Map from Bendolina, Italy
Bedolina Map with Tracing
Labels by Craig Alexander, 2007.
Babylonian Town Maps
Babylonian World Map?
Mapmaking in the Age of Archaic Greece Anaximander (c. 610 - 546 BCE)
Corrected by Hecataeus (c. 550-480 BCE) Pythagorus (c. 550 – 475 BCE)
Earth as a sphere (c. 570 - 495 BCE) Herodotus (c. 484 - 425 BCE) Aristotle (384 – 322 BCE)
Possib
le R
enderin
g o
f A
naxim
ander’s W
orld
M
ap
Reco
nstru
ction o
f H
eca
taeus’ W
orld
Map
Clim
ate
Zones
Eratosthenes: The Father of Modern Cartography? Eratosthenes (ca. 275-195 BCE)
On the Measurement of the Earth Geographica
Calculated the circumference of the earth (within 1/2 % accuracy)
Introduced the idea of meridians and parallels
Roman Cartography
Agrip
pa’s W
orld
Map
(Reco
nstru
ction)
Claudius Ptolemy (ca. 83- 168 CE) Benefited from Greek theoretical
knowledge and Roman knowledge of the world
Geographica Coordinates based on latitude and
longitude index
Themes Different reasons for the creation of
maps Understand one’s place in the world Religious meaning Practical necessity propaganda
The Semiotics of Maps Link of complex cartography and
literacy? Bird’s eye view
Representation of abstractions in oral cultures
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