History of Cartography IEurope and the Middle East

Bull at Lascaux, France

Wall Painting from Çatal Hüyük, Turkey (ca 6200 BCE)

Plan of Çatal Hüyük, Turkey (ca 6200 BCE)

Map or Pattern?

Tepe Gawra Landscape Jar (ca 6000 BCE Iraq)

Petroglyph Map from Bendolina, Italy

Bedolina Map with Tracing

Labels by Craig Alexander, 2007.

Babylonian Town Maps

Babylonian World Map?

Mapmaking in the Age of Archaic Greece Anaximander (c. 610 - 546 BCE)

Corrected by Hecataeus (c. 550-480 BCE) Pythagorus (c. 550 – 475 BCE)

Earth as a sphere (c. 570 - 495 BCE) Herodotus (c. 484 - 425 BCE) Aristotle (384 – 322 BCE)

Possib

le R

enderin

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f A

naxim

ander’s W

orld

M

ap

Reco

nstru

ction o

f H

eca

taeus’ W

orld

Map

Clim

ate

Zones

Eratosthenes: The Father of Modern Cartography? Eratosthenes (ca. 275-195 BCE)

On the Measurement of the Earth Geographica

Calculated the circumference of the earth (within 1/2 % accuracy)

Introduced the idea of meridians and parallels

Roman Cartography

Agrip

pa’s W

orld

Map

(Reco

nstru

ction)

Claudius Ptolemy (ca. 83- 168 CE) Benefited from Greek theoretical

knowledge and Roman knowledge of the world

Geographica Coordinates based on latitude and

longitude index

Themes Different reasons for the creation of

maps Understand one’s place in the world Religious meaning Practical necessity propaganda

The Semiotics of Maps Link of complex cartography and

literacy? Bird’s eye view

Representation of abstractions in oral cultures