higher education in india
Post on 23-Jan-2017
39 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Higher Education
Amit Kumar Anandwww.amitkanand.com
September 26, 2016
1 Overview
• Education is one of the critical elementsof the national development. It is a pow-erful tool to build knowledge-based soci-ety of the 21st century.
• Improvement of access along with eq-uity and excellence. Enhancing the rel-evance of higher education through cur-riculum reforms, vocationalisation, infor-mation technology, networking and dis-tance education.
• In order to reap benefits of this demo-graphic dividend; access through expan-sion, equity through inclusion and qualityare major concerns of the higher educa-tion sector.
• Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) in HigherEducation (18-23 year): 13.5% (2007)
– World average: 24%
– Developing countries: 18%
– Developed countries: 58%
• Three pillars of higher education: Access,Equity and Excellence.
2 Challenges in Tertiary Ed-ucation
• Globalisation has affected higher educa-tion: internationalization, student mobil-ity.
• New institutions with new modes of op-eration, leveraging ICT forcing existinginstitutions to change their modes of op-eration. e.g. MOOCs
• Danger of growing digital divide betweenand within nations.
• Quality assurance.
• Public funding unable to keep pace withrising costs of higher education.
• Traditionally, education has been seenas a public good, contributing to soci-ety through educating citizens, improv-ing human capital, and boosting eco-nomic development. There is an increas-ing pressure to view higher education asprivate good, largely benefiting individu-als, with the implication that academicinstitutions, and their students, shouldpay a significant part of the cost of highereducation.
3 Need for continued supportto higher education by gov-ernment
• Existence of externalities from ter-tiary education: higher productivity,progress in the agriculture, health andenvironment sectors, higher skill levels inthe labor force are mainly due to innova-tions resultant from research in universi-ties.
• Equity issues: Providing access to mer-itorious but economically disadvantagedgroups.
• Supportive role of tertiary educa-tion in the education system as awhole: Qualified teachers and schoolleaders, curriculum design, research onteaching and learning.
1
4 Strengths of Indian HigherEducation
• Well established educational institutions:IISc, IITs and IIMs reputed all over theworld.
• Young population: over 670 million inage group 15-64 years.
• Robust economic growth
• Availability of resource in the market:adequate funds available in market, pri-vate sector opening new institutions.
• Alert civic society.
• Large number of alumni organizations:PanIIT
5 Weakness of Indian HigherEducation
• Shortage of faculty.
• Existence of large number of regulatorsand fragmentation of higher education:13 regulatory bodies. Multiple agen-cies increase inefficiency, breed corrup-tion and malpractices.
• Regional imbalances.
• Inadequate infrastructure facilities.
• Low emphasis on research and disconnectbetween Universities and Research labo-ratories.
• Inadequate response to PPP.
6 Opportunities in IndianHigher Education
• Young working population.
• Sharp decline in dependency ratio.
• Vast scope for expansion of tertiary edu-cation.
• India is emerging as global hub in educa-tion.
7 Threats/Challenges
• Commercialization of higher education:Enormous tuition fees.
• Deterioration of quality of education.
• Economic and Socio-cultural factors:lack of opportunities, status of women,disparity in society, rural-urban divide.
8 Improving Quality of Re-search
• Outcome based research financing.
• Liberal research grant.
• Incubation centers with enough moneyfor innovative research.
• Collaboration with R&D in industry -Research parks in central educational in-stitutions, especially IITs.
• Industry academia collaboration promot-ing intellectual property.
• Inter-disciplinary research.
• Investment in R&D to be enhanced.
9 Governance reforms
• Independent quality assurance frame-work.
• Creating single overarching authority.
• Autonomy of institutions.
• Permitting foreign education providers.
• National and State Educational Tri-bunals to deliver speedy justice to all lit-igations arising in the higher educationsector.
• Capitation fees and misleading advertise-ments to be punished.
2
10 Vocational Education
• Market based design of courses.
• Progression pathways.
• Vocational framework with reliable ac-creditation mechanism. National Voca-tional Education Qualifications Frame-work (NVEQF).
• Structural unemployment to be ad-dressed by policy interventions.
• NOS for all trades.
11 Schemes
11.1 IMPacting Research INnova-tion and Technology (IM-PRINT)
• First-of-its-kind Pan-IIT and IISc jointinitiative to address major engineeringchallenges that the country must addressand champion to enable, empower andembolden the nation for inclusive growthand self-reliance.
• Ten technology domains as grand en-gineering challenges have been thoughtof. The ten domains that represent themost important areas for the countryalong with their coordinating institutesare given below:
1. Healthcare Technology: IIT Kharagpur
2. Computer Technology: IIT Kharagpur
3. Advance Materials: IIT Kanpur
4. Water Resources: IIT Kanpur
5. Sustainable Habitat: IIT Roorkee
6. Security and Defense: IIT Madras
7. Manufacturing Technology: IIT Madras
8. Nano-technology Hardware: IIT Bombay
9. Environment and Climate: IISc, Banga-lore
10. Energy Security: IIT Bombay
11.2 National Institutional RankingFramework (NIRF)
• Methodology to rank institutions acrossthe country.
• The parameters broadly cover “Teach-ing, Learning and Resources,” “Researchand Professional Practices,” “GraduationOutcomes,” “Outreach and Inclusivity,”and “Perception”.
11.3 Global Initiative of AcademicNetwork (GIAN)
• Bring reputed international faculty in theIndian academic institutes.
• Provide opportunity to our faculty tolearn and share knowledge and teachingskills in cutting edge areas.
• Provide opportunity to our students toseek knowledge and experience from re-puted International faculty.
• Create avenue for possible collaborativeresearch with the international faculty
• Increase international students in theacademic Institutes.
• Opportunity for the students of differentInstitutes/Universities to interact andlearn subjects in niche areas through col-laborative learning process.
• Provide opportunity for the technicalpersons from Indian Industry to improveunderstandings and update their knowl-edge in relevant areas.
• Motivate the best international expertsin the world to work on problems relatedto India.
• Develop high quality course material inniche areas, both through video and printthat can be used by a larger body of stu-dents and teachers.
• To document and develop new pedagogicmethods in emerging topics of nationaland international interest.
3
11.4 Rashtriya Ucchatar ShikshaAbhiyan (RUSA)
• CSS providing strategic funding to eligi-ble state higher educational institutions.
• Funding to states would be made on thebasis of critical appraisal of State HigherEducation Plans.
• Promoting autonomy in State Universi-ties and improving governance in institu-tions.
• Institutional restructuring & reforms.
• Ensure adequate availability of qualityfaculty,capacity building at all levels ofemployment.
• Research, innovation and quality im-provement.
• Expand the institutional base by creat-ing additional capacity in existing insti-tutions and establishing new institutions,in order to achieve enrolment targets.
• Correct regional imbalances.
• Improve equity in higher educationby providing adequate opportunities ofhigher education to SC/STs and sociallyand educationally backward classes; pro-mote inclusion of women, minorities, anddifferently abled persons.
• Vocationalisation of Higher Education.
11.5 National Research Professor-ship
• Honour distinguished academics andscholars in recognition of their contribu-tion to knowledge.
• Attained the age of 65 years and havemade outstanding contributions in theirrespective fields and are still capable ofproductive research.
11.6 Pt. Madan Mohan MalaviyaNational Mission on Teachersand Teaching (PMMNMTT)
• Address comprehensively all issues re-lated to teachers, teaching, teacherpreparation and professional develop-ment.
• Ensure supply of qualified teachers, at-tracting talent into teaching professionand raising the quality of teaching inschools and colleges.
• Building a strong professional cadre ofteachers by setting performance stan-dards and creating top class institutionalfacilities for innovative teaching and pro-fessional development of teachers.
11.7 National Scheme of Appren-ticeship Training
• Practical training to graduate engineers,diploma holders (Technicians) and 10+2Vocational pass outs in about 10,000 in-dustrial establishments/ organizations.
• Fulfill/match, any gap, in practi-cal/hands on experience.
• Enhance technical skills for suitability injob absorption.
• Apprenticeship period 1 year, paidstipend.
11.8 National Programme for Tech-nology Enhanced Learning(NPTEL)
• Promoting distance education and webbased learning.
• Enhance quality engineering educationin the country by developing curriculumbased video courses and web based e-courses.
• Prepared by 7 old IITs and IISc.
4
top related