higher technical education in india

8/10/2019 Higher Technical Education in India

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INSA Public Lecture

P. Rama RaoARCI, Hyderabad

1

Higher technical education in India :prospects, challenges and the way forward

New Delhi, February 14, 2013


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The prospect

Review of the present statusExpanding nos and impairment of quality

Regional imbalance with impact on regional economy

Faculty shortage

Not a happy situation at Masters and PhD levels

Patents and publications

Qualified manpower in specialised fields

Absence of international flavour

Consequences of low research

Some success stories

Technology for widening knowledge base

New models of institutional structure

Setting a goal 2

Outline


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The prospect


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The great untapped resource of technical and

scientific knowledge available to India for the

taking is the economic equivalent of the

untapped continent available to the United

States 150 years ago

M i lt on F r iedm an , NL

Consu l tan t to Ind ia s M in i st r y o f F inance 1 95 5)


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5

The great importance of human capital

GDP (PPP) = N . Y

Y = Tf (k . h . r)

N : population, Y : per capita income,

The potential for Indias economic growth via its human capital (h) isstupendous and exceeds that of the major competing nations

The wealth and prosperity of a nation depend on the effectiveutilisation of its human and material resources throughindustrialisation (investment capital). The use of human materialfor industrialisation demands its education in science andtraining in technical skills

Sc i en t if ic po l i cy r e so lu t ion 195 8

k : investment capital, h : human capital,r : resources

By 2050 Indias working age population will amount to a staggering 900

million.


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UNICI = (HCI) Human Capital Index + (TCI) Technological Capability Index

2HCI = { Literacy rate as % of population (wt. 1) + Secondary School

Enrolment (wt. 2) + Tertiary enrolment as % age group (wt. 3)} / 6

TCI = {R&D personnel pmp + US patents pmp + Scientific publication

pmp} / 3

Source : UN World Investment Report, 2005


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Saburo Okitas focus on engg & techeducation in JAPAN

YEAR 1955 1985No of Engg Graduates 9600 >36000

% Engg / All of Univ 22%

% going to PG Education 50%

No of Ph.Ds per million (1998) 22

GDP per Capita (2011) $33400

JAPAN > 7 per 1000

USA - 4 per 1000

INDIA - 0.35 per 1000

R&D personnel highest per 1000 population

INDIA0.6 permillion,

GDP $1450per capita

Saburo Okita achieved his goal of doubling Japaneseeconomy in the decade of the 1960s

Engg : Science>2 : 1


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8

Expanding numbers and

impairment of quality


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Diversity of governance systems is truly mind-boggling andunlike in any other country

Degree awarding universities and institutes 2012Total - 635

Central Acts (102)

Central Universities 43Institutes of National Importance 58(IITs: 15; NITs: 30; IISERs: 5; *Others: 8)*AIIMs, PGIMEs, SCIMST, NIPER, ISI,

AcSIR, Dakshin Bharat Prachar Sabha,Chennai, IIITD&M, Kancheevaram

Inter State Body Corporate 1(Panjab University)

NB: No private university by Centre

State Acts (404)

State Universities 296

Private universities 100

Medical Institutes * Others 8(NIMS Hyderabad; SVIMS Tirupati,

IGIMS Patna, SGPGIMS Lucknow, SKIMSSrinagar, JIPMER Puducherry)

RGIPT, Rae Bareli, NIFT, New Delhi

Affiliated colleges: 33,623

Deemed to be universities (129)(Recognised as such by MHRD)

Self financed 39Govt funded 90

NB: Not mentioned orcounted here are thePG diploma awardinginstitutions

Annual enrollment~17 million


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10

Private institutions lead in terms of number of institutions and studentenrollment

Form of presence (46,430)

University and university

level Institutions659 Colleges 33,023 Diploma-granting

institutions12,748

Central 152 Central 669 Central NIL

State 316 State 13,024 State 3,207

Private 191 Private 19,930 Private 9,541

Enrollment in 2012 (million) - 18.5 Enrollment in 2012 (million) - 3.3

Have considerable academic,administrative and financial

autonomy

Can award degrees

Lower investment requiredto set up affiliated colleges

(given their typical scale)

than to establish

universities :Affiliated to a

university

Face limited regulatoryinterface since they deal

with a single regulatory

body (AICTE)

Private institutes (~30,000) account for

the majority of HEIs

as well as student enrollment


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Central universities 43Institutes of National Importance 58State Universities qualifying 140for UGC funding

Deemed to be universities categorised A 38Institutes set up by State Acts 8-----------

287(fraction 287 out of 635)

Quality fraction among universities andcolleges

Quality fraction of universities 45% and colleges 24%

Colleges qualifying for UGC grants 82168216 out of 33,623

Colleges with potential for excellence : ~120


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No. of colleges 3,400(Private account for ~90%)

No. accredited, as on June 2009 210(No accreditation by NBA for thepast nearly 3 years)

Total intake 20,00,000(Private account for ~97%)

IITs (7+8) 7,500NITs(20+10) 15,000Other good institutions / universities 17,500

------------40,000

Qua l i t y f rac t ion 4 0 ,00 0 ou t o f 20 ,00 ,00 0)

Quality fraction in technical education

The best account for less than 3%. System of accreditation dysfunctional.Govt support to private institutions should be seriously considered


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Regional imbalance with impacton regional economy


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Per capita State domestic product and grossenrolment ratio in higher education are correlated.

14Source: Keynote address by Dr. M. Anandakrishnan at the 36th annual meeting(2006) of the Indian Society for Technical Education.

GDP per capita (Current US$), 2010

Country-wise GER and GDP per

capita comparison

Dr. M. Anandakrishnan 2006

E & Y Report 2012


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Intake at undergraduate level vs. ITES employment

(% of National : 2010)

4 States account for 57 % of ITES & BPOem lo ment

4 StatesAndhra PradeshKarnatakaMaharashtraTamil Nadu

66%

51%

Engg. MCA

(27% population)


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0

2040

60

80

100

Population Res. Inst &

facilities

Univ. Industries

29

64

52

66

30

5

125

Nos. are in % national

AP, Delhi (Incl Noida), Karnataka, Maharashtra, TN

Orissa, Assam, Bihar, Rajasthan, MP

Several large states are practically non existent in thebiotechnology scene

Biotechnology scene in India


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Faculty shortage

18


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annual intake > 20,00,000

faculty shortage

(at 1:15 students)

~ 80,000

shortage of PhDs

(at 1:2:6 cadre ratio)

~ 60,000

shortage of masters ~ 25,000

18

Alarming faculty situation

faculty dominated by B.Techs

poor quality of teaching; severalgraduates unemployable; failurerate high in some states.

Data show that there is no dearth of employment opportunities forM.Techs and Ph.Ds in academic institutions


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Not a happy situation at

Masters and PhD levels


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Engineering out-turn at different levels

U.S.A INDIA

Bachelors ~75,000 ~20,00,000(4% of India)

Masters ~37,500 75,000

(50% of India) (4% of Bachelors)

PhD 7500 1500(Accounted for (500% of India) (< 0.1% of Bachelors)by ~40 (~12%)

of the 3,400 institutions)

Going up the value chain in higher education and achievinghigher outturns is a daunting challenge

Govt support to PG educn and PhD research in pvt instns - about500 of them - could be considered


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Patents and publications


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US patents assigned to India, China, Israel

22

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Patents

Source: US PTO database

China > 4000

Israel ~ 1500

India ~ 500

N G SATISH, ASCI


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0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2001 2005 2010 2012

Patents

India China Israel

US patents assigned to universities

N G SATISH, ASCI


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Israel elicits admiration

Top countries in engineering

Rank Country Papers Impact

4 USA 1,89,000 6.1

8 ISRAEL 7000 5.5

24 CHINA 73000 3.9

25 INDIA 24000 3.6

Source: Times Higher Edn 2012

~50% R&D intensity in exports

Per capita venture investments2.5 times USA

350 times India

45% Israelis (as against 10% inIndia) in the 25-34 year age grouppossess graduate and higher degrees

Further young Israelis have torender national service which givesthem perspective and maturity

ISRAEL

Source: Dan Senor and Saul Singer in Israel's economicmiracle 2009 by the council on foreign relations


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25

Qualified manpower in

specialised fields


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DRDO

Missiles

AircraftAircraftEngines

Lightcombataircraft

DRDL

ASLRCIITRISSA

ADEADRDECABSCEMILACDARE

GTRE

ADA

ArmamentsARDETBRLHEMRL

Avionics

DEALIRDEDLRLLRDE

ADA

Ack: R.K Sharma

DRDO aerospace programmes


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Speciality topics

Aerodynamics

- CFD

- Experimental

Rocket propulsion

- Solid / Liquid rockets

- Ramjet / Scramjet

Aircraft engines

Airframe design

Guidance & control

Avionics

Fabrication

MaterialsAck: R.K Sharma

Aeronautical manpower in DRDO

The concern is not so much about how many DRDO has in a given broadfield, but it is more about how many there are in a required specialisation.

M. Tech175

PhD30

B. Tech285


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Furtherattritionwith noInputs

Large pool of expertsPrior to 2000

Attr ition thro

retirement

Reduced number

of experts

Improved manpower

with poor expertise

2005

Further reduction ofmanpower & expertise

Attrition in core area ofsignal processing

No. of scientists in 2004 - 59No. resigned in 2004-2007 - 29Reduction in 3 years - 50% Future

Attr ition throresignation

Addi tion of rawscientists

LRDEs alarming loss of trained experts

It is poignant to recall - Hamlets final words .

the rest is silence !


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Computer science & engineering

B.Tech 250000

M.Tech 5000

Ph.D < ~50(0.02% of

B.Tech)


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30

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

1983 2006

~1000 Met. Graduates .

50,000

500,000

How then are we to cope with the countrys needs ofexploration and mining of resources and their subsequent

exploitation: rare earth materials is a case in point

Percentage MET. Graduates has dropped by 10x

%

Institutions Outturn

M.Sc(Geology)

~50 ~500

B.Tech(Mining)

~10 ~200

Met.inta

keX100

Engg.intake

Higher education in geology, miningand metallurgy have lost attraction

Indiasdisturbing energy materialsscenario


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Indias disturbing energy materials scenarioResource Reserves Produc-

tion (mTOE)

Consum-ption

(mT OE)

Import Remarks

Coal 44Bt

190 204 6% Poor quality coal 25-35%ash.Clean coal technology yetto be mastered

Oil 6b Barrels

38 120 68% Exploration inadequate

Gas 1.0

trillionCu.m

27 30 10% Exploration improving but

still inadequate

Wind(Shorebased)

(Off-

shore)

45,000MW

No Data


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International flavour in ouracademic institutions nearly

absent

USA has flourished most because of the long-practiced tradition of internationalisation of

their academic faculty and students


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Progression in transmittal across nationalboundaries

First ideas crossed, then

Trade (products), thenProduction (multinationals), thentechnology

Integration of economies in aknowledge world

Military

Aircraft

Fusion energyGenome

Multi country projects

Finally R&D crossesnational barriers

Patents

Assigned to hostcountry institutions

Assigned to foreigninstitutions

Compiled by Dr. NG Satish, ASCI Hyderabad

01000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

70008000

India China Israel

US Patents 2011-12

Currently 870 MNCs withR&D units in India


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An pioneering initiative of CAR which is a brainchild ofDr. R. Chidambaram

International

Advanced Research

Centre for Powder

Metallurgy & new

Materials (ARCI)

Indian Institute of

Science (IISc)

Indian Institute

of Technology

(IIT) Madras

Automotive

Research

Association of

India (ARAI),

Pune

Indian R&DPartners

Institute for Machine

tools and Forming

Technology (IWU),

Chemnitz and

Dresden

Institute for

Materials andBeam

Technologies

(IWS), Dresden

Institute for

Manufacturing

Technology and

Applied Materials

Research (IFAM)

Institute for Non-

Destructive

Testing (IZFP)

FraunhoferInstitutes

Investigation of suitability of various joiningtechniques on identified materials/profiles

Cold metal transfer (CMT) brazing

Laser brazing

Mechanical joining

Adhesive bonding

Generation of performance data of various

dissimilar material joints / configurations

Development of suitable quality management

concept, including application of NDT techniques Design, fabrication and testing of demonstrator

assemblies

Indian Auto OEMs


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Consequences of low

research across disciplines


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Asymmetry in technological accomplishment

Strategic technology Technology baseindex (tbi)*

Indigenously designed 700+ MwePHWRs in 5 years constructiontime

U.S.A 0.73

INSAT system for tv access tomore than 80% of population

JAPAN 0.70

IRS system for management ofnational natural resources

S. KOREA 0.67

Long range guided missiles INDIA 0.20

Power plant equipment

TBI is a composite index of 4 criteria; (HDR 2001)(a) Technology creation (patents and receipts of royalty and l icense fees from abroad;(b) Diffusion of recent innovations (ICT and exports of higher and medium technology products);

(c) Diffusion of old innovations (telephones and electricity; and(d) Human ski lls (average years of schooling and gross tertiary enrollment in science, Maths and Engg.).


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Successful stories

38


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0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

19511961197119811991199820012004

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

19511961197119811991199820012004

Export

Employment

Dr. Y. Nayudamma model

MillionPeople

MillionRu

pees

Balanced development of Indian leather sector: A success story of academia-industry partnership in the 1951-2005 era

Th i s m ode l i s on l y

now be ing em u la t ed

CLRI founded in 1948 built up an organic link wi th Anna University in providing education inleather technology. 1300 graduates have played the lead role in causing technological changes in

60% of Indian leather industry & 15% of Asian Industry.CLRI was the only CSIR Laboratory to be established on a Universit y Campus ( A.L. Mudaliyar)

ICT M b i


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ICT, Mumbai (deemed university) (Estd : 1933)

First Head

First Indian Director

Disciplines

: Prof Robert Forster (1933-38)

: Prof. K. Venkata Raman; Example sustained

: Chem. Engg; Chem. Tech; Pharmacy

Biotechnology (PG), Diploma in Chemical Technology

Management

OUTPUTS (20011-12)

Govt. Grant (per year) : Rs. 11.19 crore

Private funding : Rs. 9.5 crore

Faculty Strength : 78

58 (eligible to guide)

No. of Ph.Ds : 498 (> 6 per faculty)

No. of Cited Publications : 268 (> 4 per faculty)

No. of Patents filed : 96 (Indian) 37 (Foreign)

Donation, Sponsorship, etc. : 9.55 crores

Project Funding : 32.45 Crores (Govt Projects including UGC)

4.65 Crores (Industry Projects)

Graduates : 1012 Bachelors,

353 Masters, 498 Ph.Ds , 37 Diploma in

Chemical Technology Management

ICT ranked best PG centre in India and comparable to the best in the world.

INDIAs first Ph.Din engg(chem.

engg) 1942


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Technology for widening

knowledge base

(NKN, NPTEL, I of EC)

Introduction


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NKN is a state-of-the-art multi-gigabit pan-India network for providing a unified high

speed network backbone for all knowledge related institutions in the country

9thApril 2009:Honble

President of India Smt.

Pratibha Devisingh Patil

inaugurated the NKN Project.

16 PoP

26 Backbone Links

57 Edge LinksWill connect Research &

Development,

educational, health, and

agricultural institutes

Allocation of `100 Crore

for the implementation

of Pilot phase of NKN

An idea from the Office

of Principal Scientific

Advisor GoI, & NKC

National Informatics

Centre (NIC) designated

as the Project Execution

Agency

GoI approved a budget

of Rs 5990 Crores for

NKN in March, 2010

Introduction

Key Highlights of NKN

5th March 2011: Honble

Minister Comm & IT, Shri

Kapil Sibal and Honble

Minister of State for Comm &

IT, Shri Sachin Pilot launchedthe Logo and Website of NKN

31 PoP

76 Backbone Links

216 Edge Links

1500+ institutes to be

connected; connectivity

to 885 institutes has

already been provided

NKN C ti it


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NKN

Educational

InstitutionsResearch LabsCSIR/DAE/DRDO/ISRO/ICAR

INTERNET

Connections toGlobal Networks

(e.g. TEIN3)

EDUSAT

MPLS

Clouds

Broad BandClouds

National / State

Data Centers/ Networks

National

InternetExchange

Points (NIXI)

NTRO

Cert-IN

NKN Connectivity

NKN C t d t TEIN4 N t k


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EUROPE

DELHI

HYDERABAD

MUMB

AIBANGALURU

CHENNAI

KOLKATAGUWAHATI

MUMBAI -

INDIA

SINGAPORE

JAPANHONGKONG

BEIJINGCOPENHEGAN

MADRID

US

Network Across 19 Countries8000 Research & Academic

Organization Members

45 Million Users

Direct Peering with GEANT EU

NKN Connected to TEIN4 Network


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Project summary to-date

Total number of courses madeavailable in video and web formats

Over 1230

Subject matter experts Over 1200

Disciplines

a) Basic sciences - 7b) Engineering - 15c) Humanities and Social Sciences 1d) Mathematics - 1

24

Courtesy : Professor K Mangala Sunder

Initiatesto enhance research in basic sciencesin


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Proposed by Science advisory council

to PM

Empowered committee chaired by

Professor MM Sharma with the

following as members

G Mehta, P Rama Rao, K Hari Narayana,

K Thiyagarajan

Pro-active funding to UGC recognisedinstitutions

Infrastructure @ Rs.30 lakh to over 800

departments

Doctor fellowships to over 6750

Post-Doctor fellowships to over 500 Support to college with potential to

excellence and autonomous college

over 420

Funding upto Rs.10Cr to 9 networking

centres

Faculty recharge aim is to reach 1000 45

Initiates to enhance research in basic sciences inuniversities (Expenditure so far 750Cr)

The core aim of the newinitiative is to achieve aquantum gem in the annual

output of quality Ph.Ds

S Varma 2012


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New models of institutional

structure and new initiatives toattract young talent to science

IIITH derabad


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IIIT Hyderabad

Registered society through Public-Private partnership

State Government (Public) provided land and buildings

Plurality of private companies (therefore no singlecompany dominates management) invested in otherinfrastructure and in a corpus fund via State Govt.intervention

Governing Council chaired by an Internationallyacclaimed academic

Distinguished academic as the Director

Setup Research Centres

30% of B.Tech students choose the research optionand work toward B.Tech (Honours), 50% of whom goon to one year MS by research

PhD Research underway

Research ambience unique to IIIT among companion Engg colleges


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Research centres: BARC, IGCAR, RRCAT, VECC,

Grant-in-aid institutions: SINP, HRI, IMSc, IPR, IOP Academic programmes started in mid-2006.

Programmes include Ph.D. , M.Tech., M.Phil.,M.Sc.(Engg.), M.Sc., Super-specialty and post-

graduate medical courses, M.Sc.(Nursing), Diplomain Nuclear Medicine, Diploma in Radiation Protectionetc.

Ph.D enrollment to-date : 1470 (engg - 330)

Output till now includes 194 PhDs, 8 MPhils , 19MSc(engg.), 447 M.Techs., 48 from medical degreeprogrammes plus more from other programmes.

DAE-HBNI

HBNI is proving to be a success story

A d fS i ifi d I i


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Established by an Act of Parliament

(Gazette notification: Feb 7, 2012)

All CSIR laboratories come under its ambit Offers MTech and PhD degrees: 123MTechs

graduated till date, absorbed in CSIR and

they will continue for PhD in CSIR labs.1900PhDs enrolled so far in Engineering

and Science topics of interest to CSIR

Academy of Scientific and InnovativeResearch (AcSIR)

N i iti ti t h lit f i


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1. University education in science, IASc Academypaper 1994

2. Restructuring Post-school Science TeachingProgrammes, INSA, IASc, NASc Position paper

20083. KVPY national programme of fellowships, DST

4. INSPIRE scheme fellowships, DST

5. STIO special programme to help overseas Indianscientists to collaborate with Indian counterparts

6. DAE Graduate Fellowship scheme and Dr KSKrishnan Research Associate ship Programme

New initiatives to enhance quality of scienceeducation and of students


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The ideal model

Level of excellence


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Level of resources

Level of autonomy

Seems feasible only with

benevolent and visionaryprivate sector initiative

MostPrivateInstitutionsin India

Most PublicInstitutions

Low

Low

High

Low High

High

Present Situation Undesirable

Seems infeasible

Has happened in USA.Can it happen in India?

Private University enactmentby Center needed

Framework for ositionin hi her education institutions

Desirable features of a role model institution for


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Governments role limited to facilitation

Internationally acclaimed best practices

Research intensive UG programme with strongfoundation in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry,Biology and Liberal Arts. (e.g. 4-year B.S.

programme at IISc which allows easier migrationbetween science and engineering streams)

PG and Research degrees in advanced fields toserve high-tech indigenous programmes of publicand private institutions

Desirable features of a role model institution forhigher technical education and research

IT, BT & manufacturing w ill be incredibly enriched by employinggraduates with advanced research degrees

2012 Global employment ranking of IIScrose to 35 from 134


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Setting a goal

Academic R&Dand national wealth (2005 06)


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Item INDIA SOUTH

KOREA

FINLAND U.S.A

GDP (in bi ll ion $) 1100 970 250 14000

R&D as % GNP ~1% 3% 3.5%(nokiaalone 1%)

2.8%

Academic R&D as % totalR&D expenditure

4% 11.5% 18% 20%

Citations to all papers tonational GDP*


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Potential for Indias human capital to dominatein globalized knowledge economy

By 2050, Ind ia w ill have one of wo rld s larg e st youn g p op ulat ion

25% of wo rlds g ra d ua te stude nts?!

FULLTIME

RESEARCHERSPhDs in S&T

(Annually)Electricity / Capita

INDIA 200,000 ~7,000 650kWh

U.S.A. 1,200,000 ~28,000 13,000kWh

Factor ~ 6 ~ 4 ~ 20

India potentially could be the single largest producer of highlyqualif ied engineers and an awesome possessor of the largest young

workforce with the highest level of knowledge skills in the world

Bridging thesegaps doable

Bridging this gapnot possible in theforeseeable future


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The conquest of the technicalfrontier, like the conquest of thegeographical frontier, requires avaried initiativeby millions ofindividuals

Milton Friedman NLReport to ministry of finance 1955

What then should be INAE initiatives in Indiasengineering education and research on thismomentous occasion of its silver jubilee ?

f


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A Half-Century of Indian Higher Education

Essays by Philip G. Altbach, Ed Pawan Agarwal (SAGE2012)

Profile of Engineering Education in IndiaGautam Biswas

et a l

INAE (Narosa 2010)

Indian Higher Education; Envisioning the FuturePawan Agarwal (SAGE 2009)

Innovatiive India Rises

Ed L.K Sharma (Medialand, London, 2008)

India Science Report (NCAER 2005)

References

R f


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Science in India: Achievements & Aspirations (INSA

2010) Higher Science Education, P.Rama Rao Engg and Technical Education in India, D.V.Singh

Higher Education in Science and R &D: Challenges

and the Road Ahead (INSA, IASc 2006)

Restructuring Post School Science TeachingProgramme, Curr Sci (2008)

G Padmanabhan, Curr Sci (2008)

Indias Higher Engineering Education: Opprtunitiesand Tough ChoicesE.C. Subbarao, Curr Sci (2013)

References


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Thank you

DAE HBNI


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DAE-HBNI

A brainchild of Dr Anil Kakodkar, HBNI is proving to be a

success story

HBNI runs a unique Ph.D. programme where a student has twosupervisors: one having strength in basic research and the other

having strength in technology development. Aim of this programmeand HBNI itself is to develop strong epistemic bridges betweenscience, engineering and technology.

HBNI has helped DAE to strengthen academic collaborations

within its units and also outside. Formal arrangements establishedwith IIT-Bombay; IIT-Madras; IIT-Kanpur; Institute of ChemicalTechnology, Mumbai; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research;Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata; Jadavpur University, Kolkata;Commissariat lnergie Atomique (CEA), France; and University of

Virginia, USA. Likely to be established with IISc, Bangalore;University of North Texas, USA; and University of Texas at Austin,USA.

Essential improvements everywhere, easier in IITs


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Enhancing three-fold autonomy :

governance, financial & academic: review of this aspect necessary

Distinguished Board of Governors : revisit selection

procedure

Overcome financial resource constraints

High caliber research leader as Director

Well-paid eminent professionals as faculty Enhance quality of non-teaching staff is critical

Competition for high quality students

Partnership with world leading institutions including for

sharing of faculty

Reduce administrative burden of Director and faculty eg

estate management

Spread good practices across IITs

Essential improvements everywhere, easier in IITs

The challenge is to sustain excellence over centuries

AICTEcommittee recommendationsforfaculty


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100 mentor institutions to impart M.tech andresearch training

sequential summer programmes

enhanced number of adjunct and visiting faculty

1000 QIP scholarshipsengaging retired teachers with augmentedsupport

virtual technical university

establishing an international centre on the modelof ICTP

AICTE committee recommendations for facultyimprovement in institutions other than IITs

Recommendations emphasise setting up a dedicated cell

with a separate special budget to implement the above

NPTELcontentsdeveloped as4quadrants


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Content web based lecture

notes / video lectures in anorganized form

Animations/ visuals /

illustrations, videodemonstrations/documentaries and interactivesimulations whereverrequired

Supplementary reading/Wiki

Development on the course,

other resources /open content

in the internet, Case studies,anecdotal information,

historical development of the

subject

Problems, quizzes,

assignments and solutions,

online feedback through

discussion forums and settingup the FAQ

NPTEL contents developed as 4 quadrants

higher technical education in india

Documents