herpes and endocrine system

Cairo university

Faculty of pharmacy

Pharmacognosy department

204

Endocrine glands

Adrenal gland Thyroid gland Pancreas Testis Pituitary gland

Adrenaline & Nor

adrenaline

Cortizone Thyroxin Insulin Testosterone Testis

I.Thyroid Gland

Thyroid Gland

Hormone: Thyroxin.

Thyroxin functions:

1) Affects the physical & mental growth.

2) Affects the metabolism.

3) Increases the absorption of glucose.

4) Maintains healthy skin & hair.

Thyroid gland

I. Kelp & Bladderwrack

II. Coleus forskohlii

Thyroid Essentials

Natural Thyroformula

Brown algae treating the abnormal secretion

of thyroxin:

I-KELP

Active constituent:

1) Iodine.

2) Folic acid.

3) Vitamins & Minerals.

Uses:

1) Natural source of iodine.

2) Regulates thyroxin hormone secretion.

3) Anti cancer & Anti inflammatory.

4) Anti oxidant.

Side effects:

1) May cause allergic reactions for people

sensitive to seaweeds.

2) May be poisonous with prolonged use.

Bladderwrack

Origin:

The dried thallus of Fucus serratus and

Ascophyllum nodosum , F:Fucaceae.

Active constituent:

1) Mucilage.

2) Iodine.

3) Algin.

Uses:

1) Natural source of iodine.

2) Treatment of hypothyroidism & goiter.

3) Relieve constipation & diarrhea.

4) Rheumatism.

Side effects:

1) Prolonged high intake of iodine may

cause thyroid cancer.

2) May cause allergic reactions.

Thyroid Essentials

Ingredients:

1) Kelp.

2) Bladderwrack.

3) Iodine.

4) Selenium.

Dose:

- 2 capsules per day 1 in the morning & 1 in the evening.

- Take it with a glass of water for best absorption.

Uses:

1) Treatment of hypothyroidism by treating

iodine deficiency.

2) Supports metabolism & weight loss.

3) Increases energy levels naturally.

4) Enables us to think better.

5) Improves muscle conditions.

6) Stimulation of thyroid gland.

Contraindications:

1) Do not take it with other products have high

iodine concentration.

2) For pregnant or nursing women.

3) Children under 18.

Pamphlet

Comment

The Pamphlet is ideal as it mentions the

contraindication of the drug with other

products containing high iodine

concentration.

II. Coleus forskohlii

Origin :

The dried root of Coleus forskohlii family lamiacaea.

A.C :

1) Forskolin.

2) De-acetyl forskolin & Deoxy-forskolin.

3) Volatile oil.

Uses :

1) Hypothyroidism.

2) Glaucoma.

3) Asthma.

4) Anti obesity.

5) Heart disorders.

Side effects:

No side effects or toxicity at the

recommended dose.

Contraindications:

1) Anticoagulant medication.

2) Take care with anti hypertensive agents.

Natural Thyroformula

A.C :

1) Iodine.

2) Commiphora mukul.

3) Coleus forskohli.

Uses:

Makes thyroid gland more effective

(Hypothyroidism).

Side effects:

No side effects or toxicity at the recommended dose.

Contraindication:

Not mentioned.

Dose:

Adult takes 3 capsules daily with meals.

Comment:

Pamphlet didn’t mention the contraindications.

II.Adrenal Gland

Adrenal Gland

Hormones:

From adrenal medulla:

-Adrenaline & Nor adrenaline.

Hormone function:

-Rapid increase in nervous system & metabolic

activity during stress.

Plant treating the abnormal functions of adrenal gland:

Astragalus Propinquus

Origin:

Is a flowering plant, F: Fabaceae.

Synonyms:

1) Astragalus membranaceus.

2) Astragalus propinquus.

3) Phaca membranacea.

Active constituent:

1) Flavonoids.

2) Polysaccharides.

3) Astragalosides

Uses:

1) Natural dietary supplement.

2) Respiratory infections & Diabetes.

3) Stimulates liver, lungs, circulatory & urinary

systems.

4) Arthritis & Asthma.

5) Improves functions of adrenal gland & GIT.

6) Increase metabolism.

7) Stimulates the body adaptation to stress.

Side effects:

- High doses may suppress the immune system.

Contraindications:

1) With immune-suppressing drugs.

2) Pregnant or nursing women.

Astragalus Extract

Part used: Root.

Ingredients:

1) Astragalosides.

2) Other immunostimulant polysaccharides.

3) Beta-sitosterol.

4) Flavonoids.

5) Minerals: Selenium.

Uses:

1) Anticancer.

2) Stimulates CVS.

3) In colds & fatigue.

4) Immunostimulant.

Contraindications:

1) People who take warfarin should avoid astragalus because of the potential for bleeding.

2) Beta-blockers (HBP medications) are less effective with astragalus.

Side effects: None.

Comment:

Pamphlet didn’t mention the side effects of the plant so it’s not ideal.

Pamphlet

III.Pancreas

Pancreas

Gland:

Beta cells of pancreas.

Hormone:

Insulin.

Hormone function:

Regulates carbohydrates & fat metabolism in

body.

Plant treating the abnormal secretion

of pancreas:

Ginseng

Origin:

The dried root of Ginsana panax Family

Araliaceae.

A.C. :

1) Polysaccharides.

2) Ginsona oil.

Dose:

Dosage forms in market :

tablets ,capsules ,tea packets, and honey.

usually provide 100mg to 400mg of dried

extract.

Uses:

1) Lower cholesterol in the blood.

2) Lower blood sugar in diabetics.

3) Help the body resist infections.

4) Improve thinking and memory.

5) Stimulates endocrine activity in the body.

6) Increases secretion of hormones.

7) Increases resistance to disease.

8) Reduce cancer risk.

9) Demulcent, sedative, stimulant, cardio tonic & stomachic.

Side effects:

1) Diarrhea.

2) Hypoglycemia.

3) Headache.

4) Nausea & Vomiting.

5) Nervous excitation.

6) Itchiness.

7) Rose spots.

Contraindications:

1) Blood thinning medicines.

2) Caffeine and stimulants such as pseudoephedrine.

3) Diabetes medicines.

4) Medicines used to suppress the immune system.

5) Nonsteroidal anti-flammatory drugs.

6) MAO inhibitor antidepressants.

7) Herbal remedies with blood thinning effects.

8) Furosemide (Lasix).

GINSANA CAPSULES :

correctionerrorComplete indications should be

mentioned like

Lowering blood glucose

and controlling blood pressure.

Indications:aren’t mentioned in details

•Bleeding disorders•Hypoglycemia•Nervous excitation•digoxin May increase serum concentration and also Warfarinshould be mentioned in precautions

Precautions:There are many precautions

to that drug not mentioned in

its pamphlet

correctionerror

Maximum dose 400 mg

Ginseng is not preferred with

teenagers

Dosage:it’s mentioned that maximum dose

is 200 mg

Teenagers are allowed to take

Ginseng

There are many side effects •Nausea and vomiting•Nervous excitation•Palpitations•Itchiness•Dizziness•Rose spots

Side effects:No side effects are mentioned in

Pamphlet.

COMMENT

This drug is not recommended as it didn’t match

the information written at the pharmacopeia and

many important side effects are not mentioned in

it’s pamphlet.

Testis Gland

Testis gland

Hormone: Testosterone.

Hormone Function:

- Responsible for maintaining:

1) Sex drive.

2) Sperm production.

3) Facial, pubic and body hair.

4) Muscles.

5) Bones.

Factors cause loss of testosterone:

1) Increased stress levels.

2) Lack of physical activity and not getting

enough exercise.

3) Poor nutritional choices and improper diet.

4) Excessive smoking and alcohol consumption.

Plant treats abnormal functions of testis:

Foenugreek

Name:

1) Foenum graecum.

2) Greek hay.

3) Trigonella.

Origin:

The dried ripe seeds of TrigonellaFoenum Graecum linne Family:Leguminosae

Active constituent:

1) Saponin (diosgenin), a steroid-like precursor

for the synthesis of a number of sex

hormones.

2) Alkaloids (Trigonelline,choline).

3) Mucilage (galactomanan).

4) Protein & flavonoids.

Uses:1) Potential source of Diosgenin, a basic

compound in the semi-synthesis of steroid drug such as cortisone & sex hormones.

2) Treatment of anorxiae & gastritis.

3) It has hypocholestrolemic, hypoglycemic action in normal &diabetic human.

4) Tonic in Impotance.

5) lactagogue.

Side effects:

Minor gastrointestinal symptoms ( diarrhea &

Flatulence).

Contraindications:

1) Show oxytoxic & uterine stimulant activity.

2) Pregnancy& lactation.

3) May interfere with hypoglycemic therapy

Drug contains Foenugreek:

Resurge low-T Formula

Uses:

1) Maximum strength.

2) Supports healthy testosterone levels.

Ingredients:

1) Fenugreek.

2) Tongkat Ali.

3) Octacosanol.

4) Black pepper extract.

5) Saw palmetto.

6) Tribulus terrestris.

Dose:-Adults take 1 capsule in the morning preferably

with a meal.

Contraindication:-Children under 18.

Caution:1) Store in a cool & dry place.

2) Keep out of reach of children.

3) Do not use this product if the safety seal is broken.

Comment

Pamphlet did not mention all side effects and

contraindications of the plant, so it is not

ideal.

IV.Pituitary

Gland &

Ovaries

Pituitary Gland &

Ovaries

Hormone: Estrogen.

Hormone function:

1) Development of reproductive organs.

2) Metabolism of the bone.

3) Promotes the production of certain types of proteins.

4) Has pathological role in cancer as (uterine cancer & breast cancer).

Pituitary gland & Ovaries

I.Flax seedII.Cimicifuga

racemosaIII.Chaste

tree IV.Broccoli

Flax seed

Oil

seed

Klimadynon

seed

Agnucaston DIM

I.Flax Seed

Name:

Linseed & semen lini.

Origin:

The dried ripe seeds of Linum

usitatissimun linne . Family: Linaceae.

A.C. :

1) Lignan.

2) 30-40 % Fixed oil.

3) Un saturated fatty acids:

- Oleic acid.

- Linoleic acid (omega 6).

- Linolenic acid (omega 3).

4) Mucilage.

5) Protein.

Uses:

1) Lowering the rate of reproductive tissues

cancer (breast, uterus and ovaries).

2) Hair growth.

3) Improvement of digestive processes.

4) Reduce the blood pressure in patient with

hyper cholesterolaemia & hypertension.

5) Emollient in poultices for boils & carbuncles.

Side effects:

1) Linseed must be accompanied by plenty of

fluids, otherwise flatulence occur.

2) Do not apply it on open wounds or broken

skin.

3) Overdose may cause rapid breathing,

weakness or difficulty in walking.

4) It may increase the risk of cell damage from a

reaction called(oxidative stress).

Contraindications:

1) Pregnancy & lactation.

2) Intestinal obstruction & narrowing of the

esophagus.

Olympian Labs Flax Seed Oil High Lignans 1000 mg

Content:1) Alpha-Linolenic acid.

2) Alpha-Linoleic acid.

3) High Lignans.

Dose:

3 softgels 1 or 2 times daily.

Side effects: None.

Uses:1) Prevention of arteriosclerosis decreases

harmful low density lipoproteins.

2) Source of lignans which consider phytoestrogen (estrogen like activity).

3) As a dietary supplement.

Contraindications:Pregnant & lacting women should consult a

doctor.

Comment

The prescription doesn’t mention any side

effects of the plant, so it is not ideal to

the monograph.

II.Cimicifuga racemosa

Syn: Black cohosh.

Origin:

Species of flowering plant of the family Ranunculaceae .

Active constituent:

- Triterpene glycoside as :-

1) Cimifugaside.

2) 27-deoxyactein and actein.

Uses:

1) Relieving symptoms of menopause, depression and arthritis.

2) Recommended for premenstrual symptoms.

3) Has mimic effect of estrogen hormone in the body so it can be used as alternative for patients who have sensitivity against chemical hormones.

Side effects:

1) In case of presence of pre-existing breast cancer , it makes extension for the cancer to the lungs.

2) Liver damage.

3) Dizziness, headache, diarrhea , nausea vomiting and sweating.

4) Low blood pressure and slow heart beats.

Contra-indication :

1) Breast cancer.

2) People suffering from liver disease as

hepatitis and liver cancer.

3) Heart patients and people with low blood

pressure.

4) GIT problems.

Drug contains Cimicifuga racemosa:

Klimadynon

Uses:

1) It has an estrogen-like effect so used as sedative and has relaxing action on nervous system.

2) Treats and relieves vascular disorders during Menopause.

Dose :

1) Klimadynon Uno: 1 tablet / day in the

evening.

2) Klimadynon film coated tablets: 2 tablets /

day, 1 in the morning and 1 in the evening.

3) Klimadynon drops: 30 drops in the morning

and 30 in the evening.

Side effects:1) Allergic reactions.

2) Stomach pain.

3) Increase in body weight.

4) Strain in the mammary gland or menstruation-like bleeding.

Contra –indication:-1) Hypersensitivity to any of the medication's

components.

2) Alcoholism and liver diseases.

3) Estrogen-dependent tumors.

4) Pregnancy and lactation.

Comment

The pamphlet doesn’t mention two of the side

effects of the plant which are:

1) Causing low blood pressure.

2) Slowing heart beats.

III.Chaste tree

Origin:

The dried ripe fruit of Vitex agnus-castus.

Family: Verbenaceae.

A.C:

1) Flavonoids.

2) Essential oils.

3) Diterpenes and glycosides.

Uses:

1) Used to aid hormonal imbalance.

2) Depression.

3) Stops the bloating and breast pain.

4) Used in controlling bleeding and expelling the placenta after birth.

5) Treatment for acne.

Side effects:1) Dry mouth & Nausea.

2) Headache & Urticaria.

Drug contains Chaste tree:

Agnucaston

Uses :

1) Treatment of menstrual disorder.

2) Mastodynia (mastalgia).

3) Premenstrual syndrome.

Side effects:

Allergic skin reactions .

Contraindicatins:

1) Patients who have an allergy or hypersensitivity to the drug.

2) Pregnant women.

3) Safe use in children hasn’t been established.

Dose:

1 tablet every morning.

Comment :

Not all side effects are mentioned in the pamphlet .

IV.Broccoli

Origin:

Broccoli is classified in the Italica

cultivar group of the species Brassica olera.

F: ceacabbage.

A.C.:

1) Vitamin C.

2) Diindolylmethane.

3) Glucoraphanin which can convert into anti cancer compound Sulforaphane.

Uses:

1) Prevents prostate cancer.

2) Prevents breast cancer.

3) Prevents cancer of colon & rectum.

4) Prevents bladder & stomach cancer.

Side effects:

1) There’s not enough information to know if it

is safe in large medicinal amounts.

2) May cause allergic rash to hypersensitive

people.

Precautions:

- For pregnant & breast-feeding women in large

medicinal amounts.

Dose:

- Depends on several factors as the age and the

health.

DIM

Diindolylmethane

Is a compound naturally formed in the body

when cruciferous vegetables (Broccoli)

digested in human stomach.

Ingredients:

1) Cellulose.

2) Magnesium stearate.

3) Stearic acid.

Uses:

- Estrogen metabolites that are correlated with

healthy breast, endometrial, and cervical

tissues.

Dose:

1 to 4 tablets daily with meals.

Warnings:

1) Do not take it during pregnancy.

2) Do not use it if the safety seal is broken.

3) Keep out of reach of children.

Side effects:

No side effects are reported yet.

Comment:

- Broccoli is safe if we use it alone, when we add

some synthetic substances especially in pregnancy

it has some side effects.

- Pamphlet doesn’t mention all side effects so it’s

not ideal.

ConclusionN.O. Drug name Plant name Gland name Pamphlet

1. Thyroid Essentials Kelp &

bladderwrack

Thyroid Ideal

2. Natural thyroformula Coleus

forskohlii

Thyroid Not ideal

3. Astragalus Extract Astragalus

propinquus

Adrenal

4. Ginsana capsules Ginseng Pancreas Not ideal

5. Resurge low-T formula Foenugreek Testis Not ideal

6. Flax seed Oil Flax seed Pituitary &

Ovaries

Not ideal

7. Klimadynon Cimicifuga

racemosa

Pituitary &

Ovaries

Not ideal

8. Agnucaston Chaste tree // Not ideal

9. Diindolylmethane Broccoli // Not ideal

References

http://shop.healthychoicenaturals.com/Natural-Thyroid-Remedy-

p/thyroid.htm

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/726.html

http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-726-

BLADDERWRACK.aspx?activeIngredientId=726&activeIngredient

Name=BLADDERWRACK

http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/articles/kelp.htm

Wargovich, Michael J. 2001. Colon Cancer Chemoprevention With Ginseng and Other Botanicals. Journal of Korean Medicine. Vol 16. Kiefer, David. 2003. Panax Ginseng. American Family Physician. Vol. 68(8). Predy, Gerald N, Vinti Goel, Ray Lovlin, Allan Donner, Larry Stitt, and Tapan K. Basu. 2005. Efficacy of an extract of North American ginseng containing poly-furanosyl-pyranosyl-saccharides for preventing upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 173(9). Harrison, H.C. Lasted updated in 2000. Ginseng. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/ginseng.htmlGrieve, M. Last updated in 2006. Ginseng. http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/g/ginsen15.html

http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/2092578/reload=0;j

sessionid=6G8LJn6Og0WzYifolNdC.2

http://www.google.com.eg/books?hl=ar&lr=&id=Q8YOxB6

jXsIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=monograph+of++Astragalu

s&ots=LjqpGFEbC1&sig=Q4EKWlg2iYR2cVnZJ5lwKr8j

sXU&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=monograph%20of%2

0%20Astragalus&f=false

http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-

SZGY201105100.htm

DutiesNumbersNames

Data Collector + summarizer20451Sally Sameh

Data Collector + summarizer20452Sally Yousry

Data Collector + summarizer20453Sameh Gamal

Data Collector + summarizer20454Samya Abd El-Rahman

Data Collector + summarizer20455Sandra Maher

Data Collector + summarizer20456Sandy Maged

Data Collector + summarizer20457Sahar Ezzat

Data Collector + summarizer20458Sahar Mahmoud

Data Collector + Introduction20459Salma Ahmed

Data Collector + summarizer20460Salma Gamal

Data Collector + summarizer20461Salma Hussien

Data Collector + summarizer20462Salma Sameh

Data Collector + summarizer20463Salma Sayed

Data Collector + reviewer +Power point20464Salma Amr El-Bialy

Data Collector + Power Point Designer20465Salma Mohamed Mady

Data Collector + summarizer20466Salma Mohamed Yehia

Data Collector + summarizer20467Salwa Azmy

Data Collector + summerizer20468Samaa Abd El-Mongy

Thanks