henry vii - holy roman emperor

HenryVII

HenryVIIofLuxembourg

HolyRomanEmperor

Reign 29June131224August1313

Coronation 29June1312,Rome

Predecessor FrederickII

Successor LouisIV

KingoftheRomans

Reign 27November130824August1313

Coronation 6January1309,Aachen

Predecessor AlbertI

Successor LouisIV

KingofItaly

HenryVII,HolyRomanEmperorFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

HenryVII(German:Heinrichca.127524August1313)[2]wastheKingofGermany(orRexRomanorum)from1308andHolyRomanEmperorfrom1312.HewasthefirstemperoroftheHouseofLuxembourg.DuringhisbriefcareerhereinvigoratedtheimperialcauseinItaly,whichwasrackedwiththepartisanstrugglesbetweenthedividedGuelfandGhibellinefactions,andinspiredthepraiseofDinoCompagniandDanteAlighierihowever,hisprematuredeathundidhislife'swork.

Contents

1Life1.1ElectionasKingoftheRomans1.2DescentintoItaly1.3WarsagainstFlorenceandRobertofNaples

2Dante'saltoArrigo3Legacy4TheTomb5Familyandchildren6Ancestry7Bibliography8References

Life

ElectionasKingoftheRomans

Reign 6January131124August1313

Coronation 6January1311,Milan

Predecessor OttoIV[1]

Successor LouisIV

CountofLuxembourgandArlon

Reign 5June128824August1313

Predecessor HenryVI

Successor JohnI

Spouse MargaretofBrabant

Issue John,KingofBohemiaMarie,QueenofFranceBeatrice,QueenofHungary

House HouseofLuxemburg

Father HenryVIofLuxembourg

Mother Beatriced'Avesnes

Born 1275Valenciennes

Died 24August1313Buonconvento,Italy

Burial DuomodiPisa,Pisa

Religion RomanCatholicism

Bornaround1275inValenciennes,hewasasonofCountHenryVIofLuxembourgandBatricefromtheHouseofAvesnes.RaisedattheFrenchcourt,hewasthelordofcomparativelysmallpropertiesinaperipheralandpredominantlyFrenchspeakingpartoftheHolyRomanEmpire.[3]ItwassymptomaticoftheempiresweaknessthatduringhisruleastheCountofLuxembourg,heagreedtobecomeaFrenchvassal,seekingtheprotectionofPhiliptheFair.[4]DuringhisruleofLuxembourg,heruledeffectively,especiallyinkeepingthepeaceinlocalfeudaldisputes.[2]

HenrybecamecaughtupintheinternalpoliticalmachinationsoftheHolyRomanEmpirewiththeassassinationofKingAlbertIon1May1308.[2]Almostimmediately,KingPhiliptheFairofFrancebeganaggressivelyseekingsupportforhisbrother,CharlesofValois,tobeelectedthenextKingoftheRomans.[5]BelievinghepossessedthebackingoftheFrenchPopeClementV,hisprospectsofbringingtheempireintotheorbitoftheFrenchroyalhouseseemedfavorable,andhebeganlavishlyspreadingFrenchmoneyinthehopeofbribingtheGermanelectors.[3]AlthoughCharlesofValoishadthebackingofHeinrichIIvonVirneburg,theArchbishopofCologne,aFrenchsupporter,manywerenotkeentoseeanexpansionofFrenchpower,leastofallClementV.[3][6]TheprincipalrivaltoCharlesappearedtobeRudolf,theCountPalatine.

Givenhisbackground,althoughhewasavassalofPhiliptheFair,[3]Henrywasboundbyfewnationalties,anaspectofhissuitabilityasacompromisecandidateamongtheelectors,[7]thegreatterritorialmagnateswhohadlivedwithoutacrownedemperorfordecades,andwhowereunhappywithbothCharlesandRudolf.Henrysbrother,Baldwin,ArchbishopofTrier,successfullywonoveranumberoftheelectors,includingHenryofCologne,inexchangeforsomesubstantialconcessions.[3]Consequently,Henryskilfullynegotiatedhiswaytothecrown,electedwithsixvotesatFrankfurton27November1308.[3]HenrywassubsequentlycrownedatAachenon6January1309.

InJuly1309,PopeClementV,establishedatAvignon,confirmedHenry'selection[8]andinitiallyagreedtopersonallycrownhimEmperoratCandlemas,1312,[9]thetitlehavingbeenvacantsincethedeathofFrederickII.Henryinexchange,sworeanoathorprotectiontothePope,[9]agreedtodefendtherightsandnottoattacktheprivilegesofthecitiesofthepapalstates,andhealsoagreedtogooncrusadeoncehehadbeencrownedemperor.[2]Yetthenewlycrownedkinghadlocalissuestodealwithbeforehecouldseektheimperialcrown.HenrywasapproachedbypartoftheBohemiannobilityandsomeimportantandinfluentialecclesiasticstointerveneinBohemia.[8]Unhappywiththe

ThesevenprinceelectorsvotingforHenry,Balduineumpicturechronicle,1341

ruleofHenryofCarinthia,andwaryoftheclaimsoftheHabsburgswhohadsomelegitimateclaimonthecrown,[10]theyconvincedHenrytomarryhissonJohnI,CountofLuxemburgtoElizabeth,thedaughterofWenceslasIIandsolegitimisehisclaimtotheBohemiancrown,andinJuly1310heengineeredtheremovaloftherulingmonarch,HenryofCarinthia.[8]On15August1309,HenryVIIannouncedhisintentiontotraveltoRome,hadsenthisambassadorstoItalytoprepareforhisarrival,andsoconsequentlyexpectedhistroopstobereadytotravelby1October1310.PriortoleavingGermany,hesoughttosmoothrelationswiththeHabsburgs,whohadbeenforcedagainsttheirwilltoaccepttheaccessionofHenryssoninBohemia,cowedbythethreatsofmakingtheDuchyofAustriadependentontheBohemiancrown.[10]HethereforeconfirmedthemintheirimperialfiefsbyOctober1309inexchange,LeopoldofHabsburgagreedtoaccompanyHenryinhisItalianexpedition,andtoprovideabodyoftroopsaswell.[8]

Henryfeltheneededtoobtainapapalimperialcoronation,partlybecauseofthelowlyoriginsofhishouse,andpartlybecauseoftheconcessionshehadbeenforcedtomaketoobtaintheGermancrowninthefirstplace.[2]Healsosawit,togetherwiththecrownsofItalyandArles,asanecessarycounterweighttotheambitionsoftheFrenchking.[8]ToensurethesuccessofhisItalianexpedition,HenryenteredintonegotiationswithRobert,KingofNaplesinmid1310,withtheintentofmarryinghisdaughter,BeatrixtoRobertsson,Charles,DukeofCalabria.[9]ItwashopedthatthiswouldlessenthetensionsinItalybetweentheantiimperialGuelphs,wholookedtotheKingofNaplesforleadership,andtheproimperialGhibellines.[9]NegotiationsbrokedownduetoRobertsexcessivemonetarydemands,aswellasthroughtheinterferenceoftheFrenchking,Philip,whodidnotwantsuchanalliancetosucceed.[9]

DescentintoItaly

Whilethesenegotiationsweretakingplace,HenrybeganhisdescentintonorthernItalyinOctober1310,withhiseldestsonJohnremaininginPragueastheImperialvicar.[9]AshecrossedtheAlpsandtravelledintotheLombardplain,noblesandprelatesofbothGuelphandGhibellinefactionshastenedtogreethim,andDantecirculatedanoptimisticopenletteraddressedtotherulersandthepeople.[11]AsEmperor,HenryhadplannedtorestorethegloryoftheHolyRomanEmpire,buthedidnotreckononthebitterlydividedstatethatItalyhadnowbecome.[2]

Decadesofwarfareandstrifehadseentheriseofdozensofindependentcitystates,eachonenominallyGuelphorGhibelline,[12]backedbyeitherurbannoblessupportingapowerfulruler(suchasMilan),ortherisingnonnoblemerchantclassesembeddedinoligarchicrepublicanstates(suchasFlorence).[2]Eachofthesecontestshadcreatedbitterlosers,eachofwhomlookedtotheemperorelectforrestitution.HenryexpressedbothhishighmindedidealismandlackofpoliticalcraftinhisplantorequireallthecitiesofLombardytowelcomebacktheirexiles,ofwhatevertheirpoliticalstripe.Hereceivedbothparties,GuelphorGhibelline,courteouslyinthebeginningheshowednoobviousfavoritismtoeitherparty,hopingthathismagnanimitywouldbereciprocatedbybothsides.[13]Nevertheless,heinsistedthatthecurrentrulers

HenryVIIandtheImperialarmycrossingtheAlpsintoItaly

ThetroopsofemperorHenryVIIdefeattheGuelphfactionofGuidodellaTorreinMilan

inalloftheItaliancitystateshadusurpedtheirpowers.HeinsistedthatthetownsshouldcomeundertheimmediatecontroloftheEmpire,andthattheirexilesshouldberecalled.Heeventuallyforcedthecitiestocomplywithhisdemands,andthedespotshadtosurrendertheirkeys.AlthoughHenryrewardedtheirsubmissionwithtitlesandfiefs,itdidcauseagreatdealofresentmentthatonlygrewovertime.[13]ThiswasthesituationconfrontingthekingwhenhearrivedinTurininNovember1310,attheheadof5,000soldiers,including500cavalry.[2]

AfterabriefstayatAstiwhereHenryintervenedinthepoliticalaffairsinthetown,muchtotheconsternationoftheItalianGuelphs,[14]HenryproceededtoMilan,wherehewascrownedKingofItalywiththeIronCrownofLombardyonJanuary6,1311.[11]TheTuscanGuelphsrefusedtoattendtheceremony,andbeganpreparingforresistancetoHenrysimperialdreams.[14]Aspartofhisprogramofpoliticalrehabilitation,herecalledtheVisconti,theoustedformerrulersofMilanfromexile.GuidodellaTorre,whohadthrowntheViscontioutofMilan,objectedandorganisedarevoltagainstHenrythatwasruthlesslyputdown,andtheViscontiwerereturnedtopower,withHenryappointingMatteoViscontiastheImperialvicarofMilan.[15]Healsoimposedhisbrotherinlaw,AmadeusofSavoy,asthevicargeneralinLombardy.[14]Thesemeasures,plusamassivelevyimposedontheItaliantowns,[16]causedtheGuelphcitiestoturnagainstHenry,andheencounteredfurtherresistancewhenhesoughttoenforceimperialclaimsonwhathadbecomecommunallandsandrights,andattemptedtoreplacecommunalregulationswithimperiallaws.[14]Nevertheless,HenrymanagedtorestoresomesemblanceofimperialpowerinpartsofnorthernItaly.CitiessuchasParma,Lodi,VeronaandPaduaallacceptedhisrule.[15]

AtthesametimeanyresistanceofthenorthItaliancommuneswasruthlesslysuppressedhowever,thepunishmentsleviedoncitiesthatsubmittedstiffenedtheresistanceofothers.CremonawasthefirsttofeelHenryswrath,aftertheTorrianifamilyandtheirsupporters[17]hadfledfromMilan,[15]

fallingon26April1311,afterwhichherazedthecitywalls.[16]Henrythenexpendedmuchofhisinitialcapitalofgoodwillwithdelays,suchasthefourmonthsiegeofBrescia(inwhichhisbrotherWaleranfell)in1311,delayinghisjourneytoRome.PopularopinionbegantoturnagainstHenry,withFlorenceallyingitselfwiththeGuelphcommunitiesofLucca,SienaandBologna,andengaginginapropagandawaragainsttheking.[15]ThiswassuccessfulinthatPopeClementV,underincreasingpressurefromKingPhilipofFrance,begantodistancehimselffromHenryandtotakeupthecauseoftheItalianGuelphswhohadbeenappealingtothePapacyforsupport.[15]

TortureandexecutionoftheGuelphcaptainTeobaldoBrusatiatthesiegeofBrescia

Despiteplagueanddesertions,hemanagedtoextractBresciassurrenderinSeptember1311.[14]HenrythenpassedthroughPaviabeforearrivinginGenoa,whereheagaintriedtomediatebetweenthewarringfactionswithinthetown.[15]Duringhisstayinthecity,hiswifeMargaretofBrabantdied.[18]AlsowhileinGenoahediscoveredthatKingRobertofNapleshaddecidedtoopposethespreadofimperialpowerintheItalianpeninsula,andresumedhistraditionalpositionasheadoftheGuelphparties,[19]asFlorence,Lucca,SiennaandPerugiaalldeclaredtheirsupportforRobert.[18]HenryattemptedtointimidateRobertbyorderinghimtoattendhisimperialcoronation,andtoswearfealtyforhisimperialfiefsinPiedmontandProvence.[20]WithFlorencesencouragement,muchofLombardyflaredintoopenrebellionagainstHenry,withuprisingsthroughoutDecember1311andJanuary1312,[20]whileintheRomagna,KingRobertstrengthenedhisposition.Nevertheless,HenryssupportersmanagedtocaptureVicenza,andhereceivedanembassyfromVenice,whoofferedhimthefriendshipoftheircity.[18]HenryalsobeganlegalproceedingsagainstFlorence,layingchargesofLsemajestagainstthecityandplacingitunderanImperialbaninDecember1311.[20]

AfterspendingtwomonthsinGenoa,HenrycontinuedontoPisabyship,wherehewaseagerlyreceivedbytheinhabitants,whowerethetraditionalenemiesofFlorenceandwereGhibelline.[20]HereheagainbegannegotiatingwithRobertofNaples,beforedecidingtoenterintoanalliancewithFrederickIIIofSicily,strengtheninghispositionandhopefullyputtingpressureonRobertofNaples.[18]HeleftPisain1312togotoRometobecrownedasemperor,butonhiswayhediscoveredthatClementVwasnotgoingtocrownhimthere.[21]

WarsagainstFlorenceandRobertofNaples

RomewasinastateofconfusionasHenryapproachedthecitywalls.TheOrsinifamilyhadadoptedthecauseofRobertofNaples,whiletheColonnafamilythrewtheirweightbehindHenry.[18]Withtheirpartisansfightinginthestreets,HenrywasalsoconfrontedwiththenewsthattheCastelSant'AngeloandtheVaticanquarterweresecurelyinthehandsofRobert,theAngevinkingofNaples,[22]whohaddecided,withhelpfromtheFlorentines[21]thathisowndynasticinterestswerenotinfavourofrenewedImperialpresenceinItaly.

OnMay7,HenrysGermantroopsforcedtheirwayacrossthePonteMilvioandenteredRome,butfounditimpossibletothrowouttheAngevintroopsfromaroundStPetersBasilica.[18]AstheColonnafamilyhadpossessionoftheareaaroundtheBasilicaofSt.JohnLateran,SantaMariaMaggioreandtheColosseum,Henrywasforcedtoperformhiscoronationon29June1312attheLateran.[12]TheceremonywasperformedbythreeGhibellinecardinalswhohadjoinedHenryonhiswaythroughItaly.[15][23]RobertofNaples,inthemeantime,hadmadeincreasingdemandsuponHenry,includingHenrymakingRobertssontheImperialvicarofTuscany,andthatHenryhadtodepartRome

TheEmpireunderHenryVII, HouseofLuxembourg

withinfourdaysofhiscoronation.[20]Henry,inhisturn,declaredthattheimperialprerogativeoverrodepapalauthority,andthattheentiretyofItalywassubjecttotheemperor.[20]Hethenrefusedtocommit,asPopeClementVhadrequested,toseekatrucewithRobertofNaples,andhedidntruleoutattackingthesouthernkingdom.[20]AfterHenryconcludedaformaltreatysignedwithRobert'srivaltotheSicilianthrone,FrederickofAragon,thechaosinthecityofRomeforcedHenrytoleave,and,followingtheadviceofTuscanGhibellines,hetravellednorthtoArezzo.[23]

AtArezzo,inSeptember1312,HenryproceededtopassasentenceagainstRobertofNaples,[24]asarebelvassal,[25]whileatCarpentrasnearAvignon,ClementwasunwillingtofullysupportHenry,asRobert,ofacadetlineoftheFrench,wastherepresentativeofFrenchpowerinItaly,andClementwasfarfromindependentofFrenchpolicies,aswellasconsiderationsaboutencirclementbyHenryshouldhesuccessfullydefeatRobert.[24]ButbeforeHenrycouldmoveagainstRobertofNaples,hehadtodealwiththetroublesomeFlorentines,[24]whohadbeensendingmoneytotheLombardcitiesthatheldoutagainstHenry,andwhohadbeenstrengtheningthecitysfortificationsinanticipationofasiege.[23]

InmidSeptember,Henryapproachedthecityandveryquickly,itwasobviousthatthecitymilitiaandtheGuelphcavalrycouldnotmatchtheemperorinanopenbattleagainsthisbattlehardenedsoldiersfromthenorth.TheFlorentinearmywasoutmanoeuvredandlackinginprovisions,soitretreatedbackintoFlorenceduringthenight.Siena,Bologna,Lucca,andsmallercities,sentmentohelpmanthewalls.[26]SobeganthesiegeofFlorence,Henrypossessingsome15,000infantrymenand2,000cavalry,upagainstacombinedFlorentinestrengthof64,000defenders.[14]Florencewasabletokeepeverygateopenexceptthatwhichfacedtheemperor,anditkeptallofhercommercialroutesopen.[26]ForsixweeksHenrybatteredthewallsofFlorence,andwaseventuallyforcedtoabandonthesiege.Nevertheless,bytheendof1312,hehadsubduedalargepartofTuscany,andhadtreatedhisdefeatedenemieswithgreatleniency.[24]ByMarch1313,HenrywasbackinhisstrongholdofPisa,andfromhereheformallychargedRobertofNapleswithtreason[14]afterRobertfinallyagreedtoaccepttheofficeofthecaptainoftheGuelphLeague.[24]Bynowhispatiencewasatanend,andheorderedthatthroughoutItaly,alltheinhabitantsofallrebelliouscitiesweretobecaptured,strippedandhangedfortreason.[14]WhileheloiteredinPisa,waitingforreinforcementsfromGermany,heattackedLucca,atraditionalenemyofPisa.[17]HenrynowpreparedforhisnextmoveaftertakingasmuchmoneyashecouldfromPisa(HenryultimatelycostPisasome2millionflorins),[27]hebeganhislongdelayedcampaignagainstRobertofNapleson8August1313.[14]HisItalianallieswereloathtojoinhim,andsohisarmyconsistedofsome4,000knights,whileafleetwaspreparedtoattackRobertsrealmdirectly.[24]

TombofHenry,Duomo,Pisa

HisfirsttargetwastheGuelphcityofSiena,whichhebegantobesiege,butwithinaweek,Henrysuccumbedtomalaria,whichfastsawhimbecomeseriouslyill.Fadingrapidly,heleftSienaonAugust22,andwasshelteringinthelittletownofBuonconventonearSienawhenhediedon24August1313.[24]HisbodywastakentoPisa.Henrywasnoteven40yearsoldwhenhedied,andthehighhopesforaneffectiveImperialpowerinItalydiedwithhim.[28]

Dante'saltoArrigo

HenryisthefamousaltoArrigoinDante'sParadiso,inwhichthepoetisshowntheseatofhonorthatawaitsHenryinHeaven.HenryinParadisoxxx.137fis"HewhocametoreformItalybeforeshewasreadyforit".Dantealsoalludestohimnumeroustimesin"Purgatorio"asthesavior,whowillbringimperialrulebacktoItaly,andendtheinappropriatetemporalcontroloftheChurch.HenryVII'ssuccessinItalywasnotlasting,however,andafterhisdeaththeantiimperialforcesregainedcontrol.

Legacy

AtHenry'sdeath,andforthefollowingdecades,thecentralfigureinItalianpolicyremainedhisnemesis,RobertofNaples.[29]IntheEmpire,Henry'sson,JohntheBlind,waselectedKingofBohemiain1310.AfterthedeathofHenryVII,tworivals,theWittelsbachLudwigofBavariaandFredericktheHandsomeoftheHouseofHabsburg,laidclaimtothecrown.TheirdisputeculminatedintheBattleofMhldorfon28September1322,whichwaslostbyFrederick.Louis'Italianexpedition(132729),madeinthespiritofrightingthewrongsdonetoHenry,wasalsoabortive.ThelegacyofHenrywasclearestinthesuccessfulcareersoftwoamongthelocaldespotshemadeImperialVicarsinnortherncities,CanGrandeofVeronaandMatteoViscontiofMilan[30]

TheTomb

PisawasaGhibellinecity,whichmeansthatthecitysupportedtheHolyRomanEmperor.WhenHenryVIIdied,Pisansbuiltamonumentaltombinsidetheircathedral.ThetombwascenteredbehindtheHighAltarintheapse.ThechoiceoftheplacewasintendedtodemonstratethedevotionofthePisanstotheEmperor.

Thetombwasbuiltin1315byTinodiCamainoandwascomposedbythegraveitself,thestatueofHenryVIIlyingaboveitandmanyotherstatuesandangels.Butthetombdidn'thavealonglife:forpoliticalreasonsitwasdismantledandthepartswerereusedinotherplacesinthesquare.Until1985,thegraveoftheEmperorhadbeenshiftedtotherighttranseptofthecathedral,nearthetombofSaint

WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoHenryVII,HolyRomanEmperor.

RanieriacoupleofstatueswereputonthetopofthefaadeandanumberofstatuesportrayingHenryVIIhimselfandhiscounsellorswereintheCemetery.NowadaysthestatueshavebeentranslatedintheMuseodell'OperadelDuomoinPisa,whilethetombremainsinthecathedral.

Familyandchildren

HenrywasmarriedinTervuren9July1292withMargaretofBrabant,daughterofJohnI,DukeofBrabant,andhadthefollowingchildren:

JohnI,KingofBohemia(10August129626August1346),Marie(130426March1324,IssoudunenBerry),marriedinParis21September1322toKingCharlesIVofFrance.Beatrix(130511November1319),married1318toKingCharlesIofHungary.

Ancestry

Bibliography

MichelPauly(Ed.):Gouvernanceeuropenneaubasmoyenge.HenriVIIdeLuxembourgetlEuropedesgrandesdynasties.=EuropischeGovernanceimSptmittelalterHeinrichVII.vonLuxemburgunddiegroenDynastienEuropas.Actesdes15esJournesLotharingiennes,1417octobre2008,UniversitduLuxembourg.Linden,Luxemburg2010,ISBN9782919979226Jones,Michael,TheNewCambridgeMedievalHistory,Vol.VI:c.1300c.1415,CambridgeUniversityPress,2000Kleinhenz,Christopher,MedievalItaly:anencyclopedia,Volume1,Routledge,2004Canduci,Alexander(2010),Triumph&Tragedy:TheRiseandFallofRome'sImmortalEmperors,Pier9,ISBN9781741965988Bryce,James,TheHolyRomanEmpire,1913Sismondi,J.C.L.,Boulting,William,HistoryoftheItalianRepublicsintheMiddleAges,1906Comyn,Robert.HistoryoftheWesternEmpire,fromitsRestorationbyCharlemagnetotheAccessionofCharlesV,Vol.I.1851Dunham,S.A.,AHistoryoftheGermanicEmpire,Vol.I,1835WilliamM.Bowsky,HenryVIIinItaly,Lincoln,1960.MariaElisabethFranke,KaiserHeinrichVII.imSpiegelderHistoriographie,Kln/Weimar/Wien,1992.

References

1. AlthoughFrederickIIwascrownedKingoftheRomans,KingofSicily,KingofJerusalemandHolyRomanEmperor,hewasnevercrownedKingofItalyatPavia,MonzaorMilanseeSismondi'sHistoryoftheItalianRepublicsintheMiddleAges,(1906),pg.143147andKingtonOliphant's,HistoryofFredericktheSecond,EmperoroftheRomans,VolI,(1862),pg.195whichspecificallystatethattheMilaneserefusedtocrownFrederickwiththeIronCrownofLombardy.NeitherishiscoronationasKingofItalymentionedinanymodernsource,suchasAbulafia's,TheNewCambridgeMedievalHistory,Vol.V:c.1198c.1300,(1999)

2. Kleinhenz,pg.4943. Jones,pg.5304. Jones,pg.5175. Jones,pg.5296. Comyn,pg.4087. Comym,pg.4108. Jones,pg.5319. Jones,pg.532

10. Dunham,pg.26611. Jones,pg.53312. Canduci,pg.29713. Sismondi,pg.25314. Kleinhenz,pg.49515. Jones,pg.53416. Jones,pg.44317. Sismondi,pg.23218. Comyn,pg.44719. Comyn,pg.44420. Jones,pg.53521. Jones,pg.47222. Bryce,pg.27923. Comyn,pg.44824. Jones,pg.53625. AsCountofProvence,RobertwastechnicallyHenry'svassal,thoughProvencehadbeenremovedfromImperialcirclesforcenturies.

HenryVII,HolyRomanEmperorHouseofLuxemburg

Born:c1275 Died:1313

RegnaltitlesPrecededbyHenryVI

CountofLuxembourg12881313 Succeededby

JohnIPrecededbyGrardI

CountofDurbuyc.12981313

PrecededbyAlbertI

KingofGermany(formallyKingoftheRomans)

13081313

SucceededbyLouisIV&FredericktheHandsome

PrecededbyOttoIV

KingofItaly13111313 Succeededby

LouisIVPrecededbyFrederickII

HolyRomanEmperor13121313

Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&oldid=653938968"

Categories: 1275births 1313deaths 13thcenturyLuxembourgianpeople 14thcenturyLuxembourgianpeople13thcenturyGermanpeople 14thcenturyGermanpeople RomanCatholicmonarchs PeoplefromValenciennesCountsofLuxembourg Germankings HolyRomanEmperors Luxembourgiandynasty BurialsatPisaCathedral

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26. Sismondi,pg.29427. Sismondi,pg.27128. Jones,pg.53729. H.HeaderandD.P.Waley,eds,AShortHistoryofItaly(Cambridge)1963:60.30. History1963:72.

organization.