gymnosperms group 3: seed producing, vascular plants a)gymnosperms seeds not covered by fruit
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Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular PlantsA) Gymnosperms
• Seeds not covered by fruit
• Examples:- Cycads
Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular PlantsA) Gymnosperms
• Seeds not covered by fruit
• Examples:- Cycads- Ginko
Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular PlantsA) Gymnosperms
• Seeds not covered by fruit
• Examples:- Cycads- Ginko- Conifers
Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular PlantsA) Gymnosperms
• Seeds not covered by fruit
• Examples:- Cycads- Ginko- Conifers
B) Angiosperms• Seeds covered by
fruit
Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular PlantsA) Gymnosperms
• Seeds not covered by fruit
• Examples:- Cycads- Ginko- Conifers
B) Angiosperms• Seeds covered by
fruit• Examples:
- MonocotsDaffodils
Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular PlantsA) Gymnosperms
• Seeds not covered by fruit
• Examples:- Cycads- Ginko- Conifers
B) Angiosperms• Seeds covered by
fruit• Examples:
- Monocots- Dicots
Apple flowers
Seeds and their advantages
1) Seed plants don’t depend on water to reproduce– Pollen (contains
sperm) carried by wind/animals
2) Embryo has…– Nourishment: Nutrients
inside feed embryo– Protection: Hard shell
3) Allow dispersal– Carried by wind, water,
animals
Some seeds have “wings”
Some seeds are “dispersed” by
animals
Seeds and their advantages
Helicopter seed falling
1) Seed plants don’t depend on water to reproduce– Pollen (contains
sperm) carried by wind/animals
2) Embryo has…– Nourishment: Nutrients
inside feed embryo– Protection: Hard shell
3) Allow dispersal– Carried by wind, water,
animals
Seeds and their advantages
Many helicopter seeds falling
1) Seed plants don’t depend on water to reproduce– Pollen (contains
sperm) carried by wind/animals
2) Embryo has…– Nourishment: Nutrients
inside feed embryo– Protection: Hard shell
3) Allow dispersal– Carried by wind, water,
animals
Conifers• Type of gymnosperm• Needle-like leaves (reduces
water loss)• Common to lumber industry• Cones used to reproduce
– Male pollen cones: produce pollen
– Female seed cones: produce eggs
• Embryo grows inside seed• Ex: Evergreen, Pine,
Redwood, Cedar
Conifer Life Cycle• Mature Sporophyte creates
cones:• Pollen cones (male)
– Microspores created by meiosis– Microspores develop into pollen– Pollen = male gametophyte
Pollen cones
Seed cone
Pollen released into the air
..
...
Conifer Life Cycle• Mature Sporophyte creates
cones:• Pollen cones (male)
– Microspores created by meiosis– Microspores develop into pollen– Pollen = male gametophyte
• Seed cones (female)– Megaspore created by meiosis– Megaspore grows to become
female gametophyte– Egg inside female gametophyte
Pollen cones
Seed cone
Let’s look at one scale
Female gametophyte
Conifer Life Cycle• Mature Sporophyte creates
cones:• Pollen cones (male)
– Microspores created by meiosis– Microspores develop into pollen– Pollen = male gametophyte
• Seed cones (female)– Megaspore created by meiosis– Megaspore grows to become
female gametophyte– Egg inside female gametophyte
• Pollination– Pollen tube grows towards egg
Female gametophyte
pollenSperm cell
Conifer Life Cycle• Mature Sporophyte creates
cones:• Pollen cones (male)
– Microspores created by meiosis– Microspores develop into pollen– Pollen = male gametophyte
• Seed cones (female)– Megaspore created by meiosis– Megaspore grows to become
female gametophyte– Egg inside female gametophyte
• Pollination– Pollen tube grows towards egg
• Fertilization– Sperm travels down pollen tube
to fertilize egg– Zygote grows into embryo– Seed coat hardens– Seeds released & can grow into
young sporophyte
pollenSperm cell.
seed
Let’s go back to the seed cone
Seeds inside every scale
Conifer Life Cycle• Mature Sporophyte creates
cones:• Pollen cones (male)
– Microspores created by meiosis– Microspores develop into pollen– Pollen = male gametophyte
• Seed cones (female)– Megaspore created by meiosis– Megaspore grows to become
female gametophyte– Egg inside female gametophyte
• Pollination– Pollen tube grows towards egg
• Fertilization– Sperm travels down pollen tube
to fertilize egg– Zygote grows into embryo– Seed coat hardens– Seeds released & can grow into
young sporophyte
Conifer Life Cycle• Mature Sporophyte creates
cones:• Pollen cones (male)
– Microspores created by meiosis– Microspores develop into pollen– Pollen = male gametophyte
• Seed cones (female)– Megaspore created by meiosis– Megaspore grows to become
female gametophyte– Egg inside female gametophyte
• Pollination– Pollen tube grows towards egg
• Fertilization– Sperm travels down pollen tube
to fertilize egg– Zygote grows into embryo– Seed coat hardens– Seeds released & can grow into
young sporophyte
Pollen cone
Seed cone
Review1) How are angiosperms different from
gymnosperms?2) Name three advantages of seeds.3) Which structure will protect and release
gymnosperm seeds?4) What are male cones called and what do they
produce?5) What are female cones called and what do they
produce?6) What is created when the sperm and egg fuse:
sporophyte or gametophyte?
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