greenstein lab poster (1)
Post on 21-Jan-2018
206 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
Angry Neutral
Ac
cu
rac
y (
pro
po
rtio
n o
f C
orr
ec
t a
nsw
ers
)
Emotion Conditions
Effect of Emotion on Accuracy
6
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
8
Angry Neutral
Ove
rall c
on
fid
en
ce
in
Re
sp
on
se
Emotion Condition
Effect of Emotion on Confidence
We conducted a one-way ANOVA examining the effects of
emotion condition on accuracy, F(1, 64) = 0.002, p = .965
Does Anger Make You More Confident?
Jamie Ember, Nabilah Kabir, Pranab Karki, Angela Reiss, and Michael Greenstein
Psychology Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown CT
• Angry participants had higher confidence than neutral participants.
• There was an increase in confidence despite no differences in
accuracy between the two conditions.
• This finding supports the literature that emotional states lead to higher
levels of certainty even though memories are not enhanced.
• Future directions include:
• Assessing whether positive arousal states would similarly affect
memory and confidence.
• Examining the effect of longer delays between the three phases.
• Examining the effect of anger inductions at varying points in the
experimental design.
• An emotion check (i.e. self-report) at the start of the experiment to
control for pre-existing moods of participants.
References and Acknowledgements
Conclusions and Future Directions
Background
• Presenting misleading information following an event can cause reports
of that misinformation (Loftus & Hoffman, 1989).
• Negative emotional memories are remembered more confidently but not
necessarily more accurately than neutral memories (Talarico & Rubin,
2003).
• People in negative moods are less likely to show false memory than
people in positive or neutral moods (Storbeck & Clore, 2005).
• Corson & Verrier (2007) found that people experiencing anger or
happiness were more susceptible to false memory in the DRM paradigm.
• Participants can be highly confident even when being misled. In addition,
misinformation does not impair memory for original event information
(Tversky & Tuchin, 1989).
• Using a 3-phase misinformation paradigm (i.e. showed video clip, were
misinformed, took source test), Greenstein (2014) found that anger led
to increased misinformation acceptance and increased confidence (when
controlling for self efficacy).
Method
PARTICIPANTS
• 66 Wesleyan University students (18-25) were randomly assigned to one
of two emotion conditions.
DESIGN
• Two between-subject factors
• Emotional state (anger or neutral)
• Misinformation narrative version (collapsed across versions for
analysis)
• Within-subject variable
• Item type during test
• Misinformation, film information, or alternative information
PROCEDURE
• Presented with intro to film clip
• Shown short film clip from Defending Your Life
• Given 8 minute emotion inductions
• Anger or neutral
• Given misinformation narrative
• Version 1 or version 2
• Given second emotion induction
• Final test:
• Yes/No recognition of all three item types
Experiment Results
Hypotheses
• This experiment examined whether angry participants are more
susceptible to misinformation and whether this misinformation
overwrites access to original information.
• Expanding on Greenstein (2014), we hypothesized that anger leads to
higher acceptance of misinformation.
• Anger leads to an increase in participants’ confidence in their memory
regardless of accuracy.
• Anger leads to an inability to access original information.
Experiment Results
• We conducted ANOVAs examining the effects of emotion on
confidence and accuracy using an alpha level of .05
• We conducted an independent samples t-test examining the effects of
emotion on misinformation susceptibility using an alpha level of .05
• We found that there was no effect of emotion on memory accuracy.
Angry and neutral participants were equally accurate.
• We found that those in the anger condition had higher confidence in
their answers than those in the neutral condition.
• This was found when we controlled for self efficacy through the
General Self Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer et al., 1997), in order to
eliminate the negative effects of the emotion induction on
confidence.
• We found that there was no effect of emotion on misinformation
susceptibility.
Bless, H., Schwarz, N., Clore, G.L., Golisano, V., & Rabe, C. (1996). Mood and the use of
scripts: Does a happy mood really lead to mindlessness? Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 71 (4), 665- 679.
Corson, Y., & Verrier, N. (2007). Emotions and false memories – Valence or arousal?
Psychological Science, 18(3), 208-211.
Greenstein, M.J. (2014). The effect of anger on acceptance of false information. Eastern
Psychological Association 85th
Annual Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts.
Loftus, E.F., & Hoffman, H.G. (1989). Misinformation and Memory: The Creation of New
Memories. Journal of Experimental Psychology General 1989, Vol. 188. No. 1, 100-
104.
Talarico, J.M, & Rubin, D.C. (2003). Confidence, not consistency, characterizes flashbulb
memories. Psychological Science, 14(5), 455-461. doi 10.1111/1467-9280.02453
Tversky, B., & Tuchin, M. (1989). A reconciliation of the evidence on eyewitness testimony:
Comments on McCloskey and Zaragoza.
Schwarzer, R., Bäßler, J., Kwiatek, P., Schröder, K., & Zhang, J. X. (1997). The Assessment of
Optimistic Self-beliefs: Comparison of the German, Spanish, and Chinese Versions of
the General Self-efficacy Scale. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46(1),
69-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01096.x
Storbeck, J., & Clore, G.L. (2005). With sadness comes accuracy; With happiness, false
memory – Mood and the false memory effect. Psychological Science, 16(10),
785-791.
• Wesleyan University provided support for this work.
We conducted an ANCOVA (controlling for self-efficacy)
examining the effects of emotion on confidence F(1, 64) =
6.578, p = .013
We conducted an independent samples t-test examining
misinformation susceptibility among participants in the
angry and neutral condition, t(64) = .38, p = .706
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Angry: Neutral:
Mis
info
rma
tio
n S
us
ce
pti
bilit
y
Emotion Condition
Effect of Emotion on Misinformation Susceptibility
top related