gis for the masses: volunteered geographic information
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Volunteered Geographic Information
GIS for the
masses!
Carsten Kessler Hunter Geography Seminar | Nov 18, 2013
Linked Open Data
Disaster Response
Volunteered Geographic Information
Participatory GIS
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 3
Volunteered... what?
Volunteered geographic information (VGI) is the harnessing of tools to create, assemble, and disseminate geographic data provided voluntarily by individuals. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VGI
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 4Michael F. Goodchild (2007) Citizens as sensors: the world of volunteered geography. GeoJournal 69(4): 211‒221
Volunteered... what?
• User generated geographic content • Came up with Web 2.0 • Affordable GPS devices • Free (both as in free thought and as in free beer) • Faster • Non-authoritative • Labeled VGI by Mike Goodchild in 2007 !
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 5
Some VGI Projects: WikiMapia
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 6
Some VGI Projects: Google Maps Maker
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 7
Twitter, Facebook, Foursquare, Flickr ‒ VGI?
• Commercial platforms • Geographic information is often only a byproduct • Still often considered VGI
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 9
Some VGI Projects: OpenStreetMap
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 10
OpenStreetMap
• The elephant in the room! • Started in 2004 by Steve Coast at University College London • Now operated by OpenStreetMap Foundation • 1.4 million registered users • About 2 billion nodes and 200 million ways mapped • Data used at Mapquest, CartoDB, Foursquare, MapBox, ... • OSM dataset for the whole planet is currently 400GB
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 11
Contributing to OpenStreetMap
• Data imports • Record GPS tracks
and upload them • Heads-up digitizing !
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 13
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 15
Typhoon Yolanda
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 16
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 17
VGI Research Topics
• Data quality: How does OSM compare to agency data? • Motivation: Why do people do this? • Contribution patterns: 1% of the mappers do 99% of
the work • Integrating OSM data with “normal” geographic
information • Using VGI for disaster response • … !
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 18
Carsten Keßler and René Theodore Anton de Groot (2013) Trust as a Proxy Measure for the Quality of Volunteered Geographic Information in the Case of OpenStreetMap. In Danny Vandenbroucke, Bénédicte Bucher, and Joep Crompvoets: Geographic Information Science at the Heart of Europe. Proceedings the 16th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science, 14‒17 May 2013, Leuven, Belgium. Springer Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography 2013: 21‒37.
Quality Assessment
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 19
Quality Assessment
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 20
Quality Assessment
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 21Johannes Trame and Carsten Keßler (2011) Exploring the Lineage of Volunteered Geographic Information with Heat Maps. GeoViz 2011, Hamburg, Germany.
Tracking Editing Processes
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 22
Carsten Keßler, Johannes Trame and Tomi Kauppinen (2011) Tracking Editing Processes in Volunteered Geographic Information: The Case of OpenStreetMap. In Matt Duckham, Antony Galton and Mike Worboys (Eds.): Identifying Objects, Processes and Events in Spatio-Temporally Distributed Data (IOPE), workshop at Conference on Spatial Information Theory 2011 (COSIT’11). 12 September 2011, Belfast, Maine, USA.
Tracking Editing Processes
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 23
Thomas Bartoschek and Carsten Keßler (2013) VGI in education: From K-12 to graduate studies. In Daniel Sui, Sarah Elwood, and Michael Goodchild (Eds.): Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge. Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in Theory and Practice, Part 3: 341‒360. Springer.
VGI in Education
GIS for the
masses!
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VGI in Education
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 25
Simon Scheider, Carsten Keßler, Jens Ortmann, Anusuriya Devaraju, Johannes Trame, Tomi Kauppinen, Werner Kuhn (2011) Semantic Referencing of Geosensor Data and Volunteered Geographic Information. In Naveen Ashish and Amit Sheth (Eds.): Geospatial Semantics and Semantic-Web: Foundations, Algorithms, Applications. Springer book series, Semantic Web and Beyond: Computing for Human Experience, Vol. 12, pp.27‐59.
Semantic Referencing in VGI
• Current approach in OSM: key-value pairs, e.g. amenity=cafe
• Not handy if you look for a certain function of a place:
• Do they have wifi?
• Do they offer lunch?
• Proposal: Functional descriptions instead of feature types
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 26
Indoor VGI
• Transfer the idea of OSM to indoor environments:
OpenFloorMap
• Tool to capture and visualize indoor models in
OpenStreetMap
• Project with ~10 students for 2 semesters
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 27
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 28
Carsten Keßler, Patrick Maué, Jan Torben Heuer and Thomas Bartoschek (2009) Bottom-Up Gazetteers: Learning from the Implicit Semantics of Geotags. In Krzysztof Janowicz, Martin Raubal, and Sergei Levashkin: Third International Conference on GeoSpatial Semantics (GeoS 2009). December 3‒4 2009, Mexico City. Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5892: 83‒102.
“Indirect” VGI
GIS for the
masses!
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“Indirect” VGI
GIS for the
masses!
VGI 30
“Indirect” VGI
GIS for the
masses!
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Wrapping up
• VGI transfers the idea of the prosumer to geographic information
• Everybody can contribute ‒ no need to know a lot about GIS • Think about open vs. commercial • Technology in the hands of people has the potential to
produce data be used by everyone (not just those who can afford a license) !
Thank you!
Carsten Kessler Hunter Geography Seminar | Nov 18, 2013
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