georgia as a colony

Chapter 5Section 1

Georgia

1. James Edward Oglethorpe

2.Trustee

3. John and Mary Musgrove

4.Tomochichi

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5. Palisade

6. Scots Highlanders

7. Battle of Bloody Marsh

8. Augusta

9.Yamacraw Bluff

10.Treaty of Savannah

11.John Wesley

12.George Whitefield

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13.Charter of 1732

14.Salzburgers

15.John Reynolds

16.Commons House of Assembly

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17.Malcontents

18.Buffer colony

19.Royal governor

20.Henry Ellis

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Pgs 81-86Creating a Buffer

Colony

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People were leaving farming, going to cities

Farmers that stayed could not produce enough food for population

Cities were overcrowded Many people were homeless and without

work People who could not pay their debts

(loans) went to prison

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Charles Town, SC is at risk to attacks by the Spanish in Florida

Land between South Carolina and Florida is “debatable land”

Proposal for a “buffer colony” Fort King George built in 1721 James Oglethorpe proposes a new

colony

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British soldier, member of Parliament (the legislative branch of British government)

Argued for prison reform and spoke against slavery

Upset that many people went to prison simply because they were poor

Called the “worthy poor” Because the worthy poor could not

afford to pay their taxes, they often ended up in debtors’ prisons

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Charitable – relief for debtors and “worthy poor”

Defensive – protection between Florida and Charles Town

Economic – self-supporting colony {cheap resources}

As an act of charity, the trustees paid for debtors to go to Georgia instead of prison.

It addressed: overcrowding, homelessness & unemployment

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1730 Oglethorpe and 20 others became trustees

They drafted a charter Requesting:

“a grant of lands on the southwest of Carolina for settling poor persons of London”

“all land between the Altamaha and Savannah Rivers …”

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Trustee – someone who oversees property on behalf of someone else

King George II signed the charter on June 9, 1732

The colony was named after King George

Before Georgia became a British colony, there was tension between the British and Spanish over the land.

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Non-paying Colonist “Worthy Poor”

Paying Colonist

Free passage Pay their way/trip

50 acres of land 500 acres

Support up to a year {for his family}

Tax-free for 10 years

Although Parliament gave $, most of the $ came from private sources15

Trustees could not own land or hold office in Georgia

Could not make profitThe trustees were not paidDid not set up any type of local

governmentColonists had the same rights as

British citizens

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Expected to pay for itself by supplying England with goods

Poor people were chosen to benefit from a new start

No rum or hard liquor was allowedSlavery was bannedOnly males heirs could inherit land

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•November 17, 1732•115 men, women, and children•February 1, 1733 docked at Charles Town

•list of passengers

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LISTEN

Write a letter!

Choose the organizer that will work best for you, and your ideas.

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21

HEADINGGREETIN

G

BODY-IN PARAGRAPHS

COMPLIMENTARYCLOSING

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Oglethorpe had to make friends with the Yamacraw Indians

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Chief of the Yamacraw IndiansFebruary 12, 1733 he allowed the

Ann’s passengers to landYamacraw Bluff is a few miles inland

from the mouth of the Savannah RiverPlayed an important role in creating

peace between the Europeans and Native Americans in Georgia.

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Oglethorpe and Tomochichi became friends

In 1734, James Oglethorpe brought Tomochichi and his family to England

Tomochichi’s trip proved to be valuable to the Native Americans of Georgia

His efforts led to the creation of a school for his tribe

LISTEN

•Operated a trading post in the Yamacraw village•Married to John Musgrove •She was Oglethorpe’s interpreter•Her father was English her mother was Creek25

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Had no title, but was accepted as the leader of the colony

The Trustees desired a classless society a) Identical houses c) how much land could

be ownedb) Identical lots d) the prohibition of

slavery Worked with Colonel William Bull and surveyor

Noble Jones The design by Robert Castell was used as

pattern for this city

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Oglethorpe met with Creek chiefs After three days of negotiations

The Creek Colonists

To give land To trade at set prices

To return slaves to S.C. Would not move into other areas of Creek land

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The plan for Savannah was to have four squares

On the north and south sides had 20 lots

On the east and west four larger lots were set aside for churches or stores

The center of each square was for social, political, and religious gatherings – called tythings and wards

Each neighborhood, square, ward, and garden lot was of equal size

LISTEN

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The colonists built a palisade around the settlement and forts for protection

The city of Savannah, Georgia, was founded in 1733

It was the thirteenth and last British colony in America

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Each settler was expected to care for His house His 5 acre garden plot (on the edge of town) His 45 farm acres in the country

The colonists cultivated mulberry trees to feed silkworms They also built a sundial for telling time A gristmill for grinding corn into meal A courthouse A water well And a bakery

LISTEN

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•English and Spanish forces fought in St. Simons Island

•650 British, Scot Highlander, and Native Americans VS 2,000 Spanish soldiers

•British victory ended the Spanish claim to Georgia

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Battle of Bloody Marsh site

Read pages 28-34 Answer questions #57-79 on your own

paper Write the heading and the correct

question # and your letter choice of an answer

Example: An Evaluation of the Trustee Period

78. E79. F

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57. A 66. C 75. B58. D 67. D 76. D59. C 68. B 77. B60. B 69. D 78. A61. C 70. A 79. C62. C 71. B63.A 72. D64. A 73. B65. C 74. D

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A secure settlement between Charles Town and Savannah

North of SavannahIn honor of Prince of Wales’

wife

Augusta

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SalzburgersHighland ScotsMalcontentsSpanish threat from Florida

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1736 Oglethorpe recruited 175 Highland

Scots

Settled on the north bank of Altamaha river

Called it New Inverness today is Darien

Only Gaelic speaking settlement in Georgia

The soil was not good for agriculture

They raised cattle and harvested timber

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Black Watch Tartan (plaid fabric) were used by the Scottish troops serving in the British Army.

Targes are round shields between 18″ and 21″

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It is the second oldest planned city in Georgia

McIntosh County

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DARIEN-ScotsHighlanders settledhere

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Group of German Protestants

Expelled from Salzburg in 1731

Salzburg is a city in present-day

Austria

Oglethorpe welcomed them to Georgia

The Salzburgers arrived 1734

Established the town of Ebenezer and

New Ebenezer

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The Salzburgers were successful in

agriculture

raising cattle

lumbering

silk culturing

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Built

1735 the first saw mill in Georgia on Ebenezer

Creek

1737 first orphanage was built at New Ebenezer

1740 the first rice and grist mill in Georgia

1734 organized the first Sunday School

1741 constructed the first Church

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Protestant group from Bohemia today Czech Republic

1735 Came to Georgia as missionaries

Their focus was to convert non-Christians

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Other Protestants did not trust the Moravians

They had many new and different ideas One of them: women could preach and

hold religious offices. Ultimately they were unsuccessful and

eventually dissolved

1736 Oglethorpe introduces new rules▪Upset about the land ownership restrictions▪Restrictions on the use of slavery▪Afraid it would make landowners idle/want more land

▪ The prohibition of rum/alcohol▪It could not be traded with Native Americans-$$$$$$$$ lost

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LAND SLAVES ALCOHOL

Poor soil, esp. for the crops dictated by trustees

Unhappy about farming conditions

Rum was cheap and easy to make and sell

Could not trade for better land

Slaves were needed to work the land

Available in other colonies

Could not sell or lease their land

Crops were labor-intensive

It was a valuable trading item with natives

Women could not inherit land they had worked

Felt the need for slavery for labor

Became hard to enforce (police)

If a man died, land went back to the trustees

Jealous of the South Carolinians where slavery was allowed

Colonists wanted to be allowed to drink and sell like their competition

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Reality – they were not prepared for their new life

Trustees brought experts in silk, indigo, grapes, and wine

The problem climate did not suit the crops they wanted

Later, the Highlanders would also become a group known as the Malcontents.

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Hardships for Colonists in GeorgiaMulberry trees were not producing

enough silkWere unable to grow: flax, indigo, or

grapes for wineSouth Carolinians were doing well,

they were growing rice, cotton, tobacco, and using slaves

…..Colonists in Georgia were divided

Catholics were not welcomedMinisters brought by J. Oglethorpe

John Wesley founded the Methodist movement

Charles Wesley ministered to colonists in Savannah

George Whitefield found the Bethesda Home for Boys 55

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The Spanish were interested in Georgia

1736-Fort Frederica was built for protection-run by Oglethorpe

The War of Jenkins’ Ear broke out in 1739

(see SS textbook page 93-insert)57

1740 Oglethorpe attacked St. Augustine, but was unsuccessful.

1742 Tensions ended with the Battle of Bloody Marsh.

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1743 Oglethorpe was charged with misconduct

Found not guilty, but remained in England

Trustees changed some rules Raised the limit on land ownership 500 to

2,000 acres Allowed women to inherit land willed to them Allowed drinking and sale of rum Made slavery legal - 2 groups disagreed

1752 Trustees returned Georgia to King George II

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Non Sibi Sed Allis -> Latin for “Not for ourselves but for others”

The settlers’ accomplishments included their ability to survive the hardships during the first 20 years

Their survival set the stage for Georgia to become a successful and profitable royal colony

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1754 John Reynolds – first royal governor

January 7, 1755 The First Royal Assembly met

Reorganized the militia

Funded roads and bridges

Created paper bills for credit

Outlined ten crimes punishable by death

Approved the first slave code for Georgia

Was Reynolds a good leader?

Henry Ellis second royal governor – 1758 Read more CRCT p. 36

Divided Georgia into parishes

James Wright third royal governor – 1761 Read more CRCT p. 37

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Use CRCT Prep Book, Text Book, Notes, and Vocabulary to complete this chart:

Trustee Colony to Royal ColonyTrustee Colony Royal Colony

Time Period

Leaders

Governance

Colonist’s role in government

Land Ownership

Slavery and Alcohol

Colonists (groups, origins)

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Trustee Colony to Royal Colony

Trustee Colony Royal Colony

Time Period 1732-1752 Charter is signed-Trustees return colony to King

1752-1776 (Declared independence from Britain)

Leaders Oglethorpe mostly, then Stephens, Parker, Graham: all for Trustees

Reynolds, Ellis, Wright, all Royal governors

Governance Settlers had NO right to vote, hold elections, or collect taxes

Bi-cameral: Commons House of Assembly/Governor’s Council (CRCT 35)

Colonist’s Role in Government

Had regulations, instead of laws to “get around” rule of the king

Court of Conscience to settle disputes, then Governor’s Council

Land Ownership Free passage-50 acresPaid passage-500 acresWomen could not own land

Went from 500 acres to 2,000 acres, women could inherit land willed to them

Slavery and Alcohol Not allowed Allowed

Colonists (Groups, origins) Worthy poor- however Catholics, blacks, liquor dealers, and lawyers were not allowed (CRCT 25)

Protestants, Salzburgers, Highland Scots, Moravians, and Jews settled

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STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 3 AND 5EXPLORATION OF GEORGIA AND TRUSTEE GEORGIA

ANSWERS1.Charter2.Her navy defeated the Spanish armada (navy)3.The Gulf Stream4.Aviles (St. Augustine)5.Huguenots6.Protestant (Church of England-not Catholic) pg 487.Diminished it through disease brought to them that they had no immunity against8.GOLD9.Conquistadors10.Chicken pox, measles

11.Mercantilism12.France13.Asia14.Hernando de Soto15.Rebirth

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16. Azillia17. Oglethorpe18. King George II19. 1. 50 acres of land

2. Free passage3. Support for him and his family for up to a year

20. There were hard times in England21. A22. John and Mary Musgrove23. Savannah24. Mary Musgrove25. The Creek agreed to give land to colonists and return escaped slaves back to masters

in S. Carolina. The Colonists agreed to trade at set prices and not move into other Creek lands.

26. Scots Highlanders27. Because Spanish Florida was to the south, Oglethorpe felt threatened by Catholics who

may align themselves with Spanish Catholics in Florida28. The soil was poor and unable to grow crops required by the trustees. Women could

not inherit land and colonists could not trade, lease, or sell their land. Crops that did grow were labor intensive and required many hands. They wanted to use slave labor and the Carolinas already were. Rum was also available in other colonies and colonists wanted to be able to sell it. It was also not very enforceable.

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29. John Reynolds30. The trustees were afraid it would make the colonists lazy and listless OR it would make

it too easy to make a profit and they would want MORE land.31. Oglethorpe was at Fort Frederica when the Spanish came to retaliate for his attack on

them at Augustine. They brought 2000 men, he had 650. Oglethorpe’s men hid in the brush and attacked their flanks, eventually wounding their leader. The rear retreated, and Oglethorpe claimed victory, ending the debate about the the claim on Georgia land. It was now England’s.

32. A wooden fence around a settlement used for defensive purposes. 33. Augusta was so called by Oglethorpe, because it was viewed as a way of making inroads

with the Native Americans at that time.34. He was the founder of the Methodist movement35. 1. Economic freedom 2. Religious prosecution 3. Greater opportunities36. A person who sells their labor in exchange for free passage to the New World, usually

with a contract over an extended period of time, in which they learn a trade.37. The Salzburgers from Austria (now)

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38. Religious prosecution39. It improved immensely, because restrictions were relaxed so competition thrived40. Savannah River41. That it was high and dry and had a good view of the water to see incoming

intruders42. 1. Economic-resources for the mother country 2. Charitable- for the colonists who were worthy poor 3. Defensible-as a buffer colony between Spanish FL and British SC