geography final review: units 1 through 4. unit 1: basics geography: the study of land features and...
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GEOGRAPHY FINAL REVIEW:UNITS 1 THROUGH 4
UNIT 1: BASICS Geography: the study of land
features and people on planet Earth
Physical Geography: Physical features such as rivers, mountains, etc.
Cultural Geography: Religion, Traditions, Housing, Location (how we as people interact with the land as traditions are passed down)
Absolute Location: Exact place on planet, uses Longitude & Latitude
Relative Location: What we use daily, uses landmarks
Movement: How we move things and ideas
Region: Characteristics that are similar in two different places
H.E.I.: How we interact with our environment
Location: Where is it? Place: What is it like?
UNIT 1: BASICS Elements of a Map
Origin Title Author Source Date Grid Index Legend Scale
Land Features: Mountain, Plateau, Range, Island, Peninsula, Valley, Plain
Water Features: River, Ocean, Bay, Strait, Channel, Canal, Sea, Gulf
UNIT 2-Southwest Asia & North Africa Climate
Desert: Hot and dry most of the year, little rainfall
Semiarid: Transition zone around desert. Little rain and vegetation
Mediterranean: Cooler winter temperatures and dry summers
Population Distribution: People are more concentrated in cities and near rivers
Oil: Has made the countries of the region lots of money. Improved Standard of Living
Water: Scarce resource, more valuable than oil. People fight over it and disputes have occurred
UNIT 2: SWA & NA Judaism: Oldest religion of
the area. Christianity: Belief in Jesus
Christ Islam: That Mohammad is
the last prophet of Allah Zionism: The belief that Jews
should get their own homeland in Israel
Kurds: Small ethnic group in Syria and Jordan (they want their own country)
Arab: Largest ethnic group of SWA & NA
Persians: Primary ethnic group of Iran
Unit 3: Sub-Saharan Africa
Climate Sahara Sahel Rainforest Savana
Population: Similar to SWA, people live in their own communities, cities, or near water sources
Resources: Too many to list (gold, copper, oil, diamonds, etc.)
Bantu: People from Cameroon several thousand years ago. Largest migration in history. Influenced ethnic groups of Africa
Zulu: Direct descendants of Bantu. Fought a lot with European colonists
Colonialism: Europeans went it to harvest resources. Clashed with Africans (some good, but mostly bad)
Unit 3: Sub-Saharan Africa
Drought: Deserts in North Africa cause massive periods of drought at times
Deforestation: When people chop down trees and do not allow them to grow back (harms the land and people)
Desertification: Process of arable land becoming desert (caused by deforestation mostly)
Swahili: Ethnic Group on the eastern coast of Africa (Arab influence)
San: Bushmen of central-south Africa (descendant of Zulu)
Masai: eastern ethnic group of Africa, red robes and bead work
Unit 4: Asia Climate
Diverse. Best way to describe it is tropic wet and dry in many regions. Exceptions are desert in North & West China as well as Pakistan.
Population Most people live on the coast/near
rivers Chinese people live in the east,
west is too rocky Japan people live on coast, interior
too rocky Monsoons: Seasonal rains. Floods
mostly South Asia. Brings necessary water
Cyclone: Violent windstorms in Southeast Asia (consider a water tornado)
China’s Population: One of two most populated areas. Has caused resource depletion and pollution. Instilled One Child Policy (until this year)
India’s Population: Most people live in cities. Others live in the more traditional north areas.
Japan Population: As said over there , people live on coast because of mountains
Unit 4: Asia Pacific Rim: Countries that border
Pacific Ocean. On tectonic plates. Do a lot of trade with each other
Kashmir: Fertile area of land in Northwest India. Pakistan and India fight over it
India & Pakistan: Britain owned the area until the 1940s. When they split the country into Hindu and Muslim areas, they made East & West Pakistan as well as India
Outsourcing: Because of massive population and poor currency, people send factory jobs there to be done cheaper
Hmong: Southeast ethnic group. Not very good at assimilating. Rigid customs
Han: Largest ethnic group in the world. 99% of China
Indo-Aryan: AKA Indian. Population of India with tradition in Hindu
Saudi Arabia
ISRAEL IRANIRAQ
YEMEN
KUWAIT
TURKEY
RED SEA
EUPHRATES
TIGRIS
RUB AL-KHALIARABIAN SEA
MEDITERRANEAN
EGYPT
CONGO
SOUTH AFRICA
NIGERIA
KENYA
SUDAN
S. SUDAN
ETHOPIA SOMALIA
ANGOLA
NILE
MOZA
MBIQ
UE
SAHARA
SAHEL
VICTORIANIGER
MOZAMBIQUE
GIBRALTAR
VIETNAM
INDONESIA
S. CHINA SEA
CHINA
MONGOLIA
JAPAN
INDIA
HIMALAYS
HUANG HE RIVER
YANGTZE RIVERGANGES
GOBI DESERT
BAY OF BENGAL
GEOGRAPHY FINAL REVIEW:
UNITS 5-8
UNIT 5: EUROPE Climate
Warm in the Southern parts
Colder in the North Transportation: Because
of the river system in Europe, a lot of shipping happens. Trains can pass easily through borders too.
East vs West East Europe: Under the
Communist Bloc for 50 years. Not as developed as the west
West Europe: Free Markets and no USSR allowed the west European countries to flourish
UNIT 5: EUROPE European Union
Shengen: Free passage between all EU countries
Euro: Currency for the EU. Has replaced most native currency
Not everyone is a member of the EU
Population Distribution Most people live in West Europe Good majority live along the
coasts, specifically Mediterranean Sea
Places like Iceland and Scandinavia too cold for bustling cities
Pollution Chernobyl: Worst nuclear accident
in history. Power Plant exploded. Irradiated land in Ukraine (affected people all the way in the USA)
Acid Rain: Coal deposits in the atmosphere cause acidic rain, damages plants and ancient structures
Danube River: Poisoned with cyanide from mines. Killed thousands of fish
UNIT 6: LATIN AMERICA Population: Most choose
to live in cities. Rainforest and Andes make it hard to live in those regions.
Drug Trade: Has lead to an increase in violence in the region as well as corruption and political issues
Natural Disasters: El Nino: Warm weather
current from Pacific Ocean. Throws off all climate in L.A.
Hurricanes: Storms from Africa that cause high winds and rain
Earthquake: Shifting tectonic plates that hurt coastal cities and island
UNIT 6: LATIN AMERICA Rainforest: Amazon hosts a lot of
trees. Been affected by loggers and ranchers.
Also has a good amount of resources. It is in danger to say the least
Brazil: Has had a cycle of boom and bust economy. Problems with poverty and corruption
Political Instability: If a country is instable, its economy is also probably unstable.
Quechua: Ethnic group related to the Incas. Live in the Andes Mountains
Zapotec: Ethnic Group related to the Aztec. Live in Mexico
UNIT 7: US & CANADA Urban Sprawl
Cities that are mapped close to one another
Impacts environment often Mostly in US & Canada
Megalopolis Two cities close to each other as
one big region (Think the 5 Boroughs of NYC)
Urban Core Main center of a major city
Regions of the US Midwest West South Northeast
Migration Political instability push people out
of countries Good education pull them to the
US Loss of American jobs and
government assistance
UNIT 8: OCEANIA Ethnic Groups
Aborigines: Natives of Australia for 40,000 years
Maori: Natives of New Zealand
Samoan: Natives of Samoa
Papua New Guinea: Most diverse area of Oceania
Regions of Oceania Polynesia Micronesia Melanesia
GERMANY
SPAIN
U.K.UKRAINE
ITALY
POLAND
PORT
UGA
L
GREECE
SWED
EN
ICELANDRUSSIA
URAL MTS
NORTH EUROPEAN PLAIN
ALPS
RHINE
DANUBE
PYRENEES
E.
CHANNEL
NORWEGIAN SEA
BRAZIL
COLOMBIA
ARGEN
TINA
CHILE
GUATEM
ALA
CARIBBEAN
ANDES PAMPAS
AMAZON RIVER
PACIFIC OCEAN
ATLANTIC OCEAN
MEXICO
UNITED STATES
CANADA
APPALACHIAN
ROCKIES
MISSISSIPPI
GULF OF MEXICO
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